Senator with life

A senator with life is a member of the Sénat, named or elected with life.

South America

The Constitution S of a certain number of countries of South America had given to their former presidents the privilege to be a senator with life ( senador vitalicio ). The majority of these countries since put an end to this practice, perceived like undemocratic. The Constitution of Paraguay still envisages this type of nomination, but the presidents can only express and not take share with the vote. The most famous case is that of the Chilean ex-dictator Augusto Pinochet (1998-2002) whose parliamentary Privilege protected it from a lawsuit for violation of the Human rights until the supreme Cours of Chile it withdraws to him in 2000.

Brazil

The senators of the Brésil were appointed for lives of 1826 with 1889. The emperor named the senator starting from a list of three candidates, indirectly elected. For more details, even Senate of Brazil: History.

Canada

The members of the Sénat of Canada were appointed for lives until the Constitution Act of 1965. The individuals named with the Senate after this date must obligatorily withdraw themselves once reached the 75 years age.

See also: List of the Canadian senators

Chile

With the Chile, thanks to the Constitution of 1980, two ex- president S became senators with life: Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1998-2002) and Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (2000-2006). The station was removed by the constitutional reform of 2005.

France

Italy

In Italy, the load of senator to life is a load which reach (with the Senato della Repubblica) of right, except if they give up it, old the presidents of the Republic (Article 59, subparagraph 1 of the constitution of the Italian republic) and the citizens named by the president of the Republic “to have honoured the Fatherland by their eminent merits in the fields social, scientific, artistic and literary” (Article 59, subparagraph 2 const.).

In doctrines, the question arose of knowing if the limit of five senators with life fixed by article 59 subparagraph 2 of the Italian Constitution were to get along like a maximum limit of nominations at disposal of each president of the Republic or of a maximum limit of the senators with life present simultaneously at the Sénat. The doubt seems from now on dissipated in favor of the second assumption which, by fixing a total limit, prevents that the not elected senators can seriously compromise the representativeness of the Senate.

List senators with life (in the alphabetical order)

notes

Giovanni Leone, already senator with life of 1967 with 1971 by presidential nomination, was of 1978 with 2001 senator of right and with life in quality of former president of the Republic.
Arturo Toscanini, named senator with life the December 5th 1949, renonça with the load the following day.

Senators with life named by the president of the Republic

Named by Luigi Einaudi

Named by Giovanni Gronchi

Named by Antonio Segni

Named by Giuseppe Saragat

Named by Giovanni Leone

Named by Sandro Pertini

Named by Francesco Cossiga

Named by Oscar Luigi Scalfaro

Named by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

Senators with life of right and life (former presidents of the Republic)

Peru

With the Peru, the post of senator with life existed of 1979 with 1993. Francisco Morals Bermúdez Cerruti, Fernando Belaúnde Terry and Alan García Pérez was the only senators with life until the abolition of the Senate in 1993 and the introduction of a Parlement unicaméral.

Venezuela

With the Venezuela, the post of senator with life existed of 1961 with 1999. The ex- presidents which occupied this station were: Rómulo Betancourt (1964-1981), Raúl Leoni (1969-1972), Rafael Caldera (1974-1994, 1999), Carlos Andrés Pérez (1979-1989, 1994-1996), Luís Herrera Campíns (1984-1999) and Jaime Lusinchi (1989-1999). The Senate was abolished by the Constitution of 1999.

References

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