Semiology

The semiology or semiology is the science of the signs .

The semiology term was created by Ferdinand de Saussure, for which semiology is " the science which studies the life of the signs within the life sociale" ( Course of general linguistics , p. 33). The Semiotic term , invented by Charles Sanders Peirce a few years before, recovers the same idea and is used most frequently apart from France.

Any science studying of the signs is a semiology. The term is thus used in several disciplines.

Semiology in linguistics

In Linguistic, the general theory of the signs made the object of studies by, inter alia, obviously Ferdinand de Saussure, or, more close to us, by Buyssens, Mounin, Barthes 1964 and Umberto Eco.

Semiology (of the Greek “séméion”, the sign, and “logía”, rational speech) appear being a recent discipline, girl of the Linguistique. Many authors see in Ferdinand de Saussure, Genevese linguist, the founder of semiology; he was indeed the first to give a definition of it, or rather to circumscribe the sphere of activity of it: “One can thus conceive a science which studies the life of the signs within the social life; it would form part of social psychology, and consequently of general psychology; we will name it semiology. She would learn to us of what the signs consist, which laws govern them. Since it does not exist yet, one cannot say what it will be; but it is entitled to the existence, its place is in advance given. Linguistics is only part of this general science…” (of Saussure, 1972, p. 33).

From this initial point of view, which binds semiology and linguistics closely, many will be the authors who will seek to refine this definition by directing it towards more specific fields and objects. For example, Buyssens proposed to define semiology as “the science which studies the processes to which we resort in order to communicate our state of consciousnesses and those by which we interpret the communication which is made to us” (Buyssens, 1943, p. 5). It appears clearly that the study of the communication is specifically development there.

Today, the semiotic second prevails. It was necessary thus that the first is confined in a direction more specialized; it was that of the specific description of systems of distinguishing marks. For Hjelmslev, semiology is a semiotics whose plan of the contents is itself a semiotics. This distinction is in a certain way reflected here. Of a more conscious step, we wanted, in the expression “system semiological” for example, to introduce between semiotics and semiological the same nuance as that which exists between Phonétique and Phonologique: a nuance enters the science of the substance and that of the form.

Medical semiology

See also: medical Semiology

Medical semiology is the part of the Médecine which studies the symptoms and signs and in the way of raising them and of presenting them in order to pose a diagnosis. it is more exactly the study of the symptoms and the signs which translate the lesion of a body or the disorder of a function, of an apparatus.

Semiology in geography

One also speaks about semiology in Géographie. It is used there like " technique" of interpretation or translation. In particular, the geography is interested not only in general semiology, but also in the graphic Sémiologie: for example, the study of the relevance of the representations of space (in particular cartographic) and the social groups which populate them (landscape representations, process of construction of the identity, etc) uses the conceptual framework of the graphic Sémiologie.

visual Semiology

Visual semiology or visual Sémiotique was particularly developed in work of the Groupe µ, and especially in the fundamental work which Traité of the visual sign is (1992). This work leaves the physiological bases of the vision, to observe how the direction invests little by little the visual objects. It distinguishes on the one hand signs iconic (or Icônes), which returns to the objects of the world, and the plastic signs, which produce significances in its three types of demonstration which are the Couleur, the Texture and the Forme. It shows how the visual language organizes its units in a true grammar. Such a grammar makes it possible to see how a visual Rhétorique functions, within a general rhetoric.

Semiology of photography

Pol. Corvez (semiologist at the university of Angers) works on the semiology of the Photographie. Instead of being based on the referents, as do it traditional typologies, it is based on the location and analyzes meaning clean with photography and graphic arts and proposes a typology of photographic works. It calls this new discipline the " photologie". This typology includes/understands four classes: the Private clinic, the Mythical one, Déixique and Morphique. Its thesis photology: for a semiology of photography , is consultable in the college libraries.

Semiology of the cinema

The semiology of the cinema was in particular developed by Christian Metz.

Semiology of the music

In the Years 1970 Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Jean Molino publish the texts basal of the semiology of the music ¨Fondements d´une semiology of the musique¨ and ¨Fait musical and semiology of the musique¨.

The semiology of Molino Nattiez is based on two triads: concept of tripartition of the forms symbolic systems and triadic design of the sign developed by Charles Sanders Pierce.

The tripartite semiology of Molino Nattiez support which any musical work can be approached from three points of view: The level poietic (the point of view of the production), the level esthesic (point of view of that which receives the musical message) and the level immanente of l´oeuvre (l´ensemble of the configurations of the musical text).

L originality of the tripartition of Molino Nattiez is l affirmation of the not-convergence as of these three levels.

See too

Simple: Semiotics

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