Seldjoukides

The Seldjoukides , Seljoukides or Saljûqides (Turkish: Selçuk, Seltchouk ; Arab: rear RTL السلاجقة, have-Salâjiqa ; Persan: RTL F سلجوقيان, Saljûqiyân ) is the members of a tribe of Turkish origin which emigrated of the Turkestan towards the the Middle East before reigning on current the Iran and Iraq like on the minor Asia between the middle of the 11th century and the end of the 13th century.

Origins

Family resulting from the Turkish tribe oghouze of the Kinik living at the origin in the north of the Sea of Aral, Seldjoukides reigned on the kingdom of Oghouzes (Turkish Oğuz) starting from 990. They carried the title of “ Yabgu ” and their territory measured approximately a million km. This family which, before, had had Beylik of the Kınık tribe, provided the hereditary chief of this State, chief who carried the title of “ subaşı ”. The subaşı Dukak Bey, killed, towards 903, had been replaced by Selçuk (Seldjouk) Bey, chief éponyme of the dynasty. Seldjoukides converted with the Sunnisme at the 10th century, the time when they migrated towards the south under the control of a chief named Seldjouk, and became a strong military power. They seized first of all the Khorassan, a province of the east of Iran controlled before by the Ghaznévides, and continued their conquests starting from this base. In 1038, the small son of Seldjouk, Tuğrul Bey, proclaimed sultan of Nichapour, then seized Baghdad (1055), releasing the caliph Shiite Abbasside of the pressure of the dynasty of the Bouyides. This one confirmed its title of sultan.

The nephew of Tuğrul Bey, Alp Arslan (1063 - 1072) succeeded to him, melting and managing the Grand Empire Seldjoukide starting from his capital, Ray (current Teheran). It is under its reign and that of his/her son Malik Shah I {{er}} (1072 - 1092) that the empire of Seldjoukides in Iran reached its apogee, grace partly to their Persan minister, Nizam Al-Mulk. In 1071, Alp Arslan overcame the Byzantine Emperor Romain IV Diogène with the Bataille of Manzikert (Malazgirt) in the north of Van. By doing this, it gave rise to another branch of the dynasty: that of Seldjoukides de Roum, or Anatolia. However, as of the end of the reign of Malik Shah, in Iran, the civil war took again the top. The Khorassan escaped the Turkish supervision with dead from Sanjar (1118 - 1157) in a revolt from the Oghouzes, while the Atabey S (local governors) directed in the facts the Iran, the Iraq, the Syria and the Jezirah, and that several transitory lines were created in Syria and with Kerman. The last Seldjoukide sultan of Iran, Tuğrul ibn Arslan (1176 - 1194), died in the war which it had imprudently started vis-a-vis the Shah S of the Khwarezm.

The line of Seldjoukides de Roum, as for it, will perdura until in 1307, resisting after a fashion the crusades and the internal dissensions. However, starting from 1276 and of the arrival of the Ilkhanide Abaqa, Seldjoukides lost almost any capacity, although the currency was struck on their behalf until in 1302.

A christianized branch of Seldjoukides reigned on the kingdom géorgien of Iméréthie in the person of David IV Narin born from the union into 1224 of Mughith ED-DIN prince of Erzeroum and grandson of Kılıç Arslan II with the queen Rousoudan I {{Re}} of Georgia.

Civilization

At the beginning of their reign, the seldjoukides iranisés and adopted the Persan one like official language of their empire.

Seldjoukides sultans

First branch: Large Seldjoukides, or Seldjoukides of Iran

Tuğrul I {{er}} Bey (1040 - 1063), first sultan of the dynasty
Alp Arslan (1063 - 1072)
Malik Shah I {{er}} (1072 - 1092)
Mahmud I {{er}} (1092 - 1093)
Berk-Yaruq (1093 - 1105)
Malik Shah II (1105-1105)
Muhammad I {{er}} (1105 - 1118)
Mahmud II 1118-1131)
Dawud (1131-1132)
Tuğrul II (1132-1133)
Ghiyath AD-DIN Farmhouse `ûd (1133-1152)
Malik Shah III (1152-1153)
Muhammad II (1153-1160)
Ghiyath AD-DIN Suleyman Shah (1160-1161)
Mu' izz AD-DIN Arslan (1161-1176)
Tuğrul III (1176-1194)

Second branch: Seldjoukides de Rum or of Anatolia

See also: Sultanate of Roum, Seldjoukides de Rum

See too

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