The second topics is one of the basic elements of the psychoanalytical theory worked out by Sigmund Freud. Just like the First topics, it represents an attempt at cartography of the psychic apparatus.

Formulated as from 1920 following the contribution of many theoretical concepts in the Métapsychologie freudienne whose the two principal ones were the Narcissisme and the Pleasure principle and Principle of reality. It comprises three authorities: the that, the Me and the Super-ego.

This second topics does not come to contradict the Première topics, she proposes a diversification of the explanation and perhaps superimposed on the preceding one.

Authorities

• the That is the place where the impulses hatch, the reserve with libido; it is completely unconscious.
• the Me, nobody in his globality, the Reason and the Narcissism; ego is the person in charge of the unconscious mechanisms of defense.
• the Super-ego representing the barrier of car-imposed criticism, interiorized. One can describe it as an internal attacker since it turns over the death instinct against the subject, but a useful attacker because parking social interdicts introjectés by the individual thus allowing him to live in company.

Evolution

It remains at the beginning of the 21e century one of the most known representations and most commonly allowed of psyché human. Nevertheless, several psychoanalysts formulated following Freud their clean Métapsychologie, or added simply their concept to him. Let us quote simply Melanie Klein which worked out the concept of positions, Jacques Lacan which insisted in particular on the importance of the language (and of meaning) and distinguished imaginary, symbolic system and reality; the Egopsychology which made Me its center of interest, or Fairbairn and Kohut which formulated two new métapsychologies.

See too

• First psychic topics
• Apparatus

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