The second war indo-Pakistani (or second war of the Cachemire) is an armed conflict which opposed the India and the Pakistan in 1965.

In August 1965, Pakistan launched the Gibraltar operation, aiming at infiltrating the province of the Jammu-and-Cashmere by soldiers disguised as a civilian having to cause a revolt and to carry out acts of sabotage. Infiltrated were however quickly located by the Indian authorities and, in reaction, the Indian army closed the border before crossing (on August 15th) the line of cease-fire and tackling the part of the Cashmere under Pakistani administration. Pakistan launched a counter-attack on September 1st (operation Grand Slam) intended to take the control of the town of Akhnoor. It was however a failure and, again, India reacts by sending its troops the border between the two countries.

Mid-September, the conflict had made nearly 3000 died side Indians and 4000 on the Pakistani side. India occupied 1840 km2 of Pakistani territory, and Pakistan 545 km2 of Indian territory. September 22nd, the Safety advice of the United Nations voted for a resolution requiring the stop of the engagements, and the conflict even stopped the following day. Under the aegis of the the USSR, the two countries signed an agreement stipulating the withdrawal of the troops for a return to the preceding borders, which was to be effective at the latest at the end of February 1966.