The term Scud indicates a series of ballistic missiles to short range developed in the Années 1950 by the Soviet Union. The term comes from designation NATO ( SS-1b Scud-A ) of the Soviet missile R-11 and its posterior variations the missiles R-17 and R-300 Elbrus , respectively indicated in the West like SS-1c Scud-B and SS-1d Scud-C . The first version of R-11 was deployed in 1957 by the Soviet Union.
The R-17 missile, as for him was deployed starting from 1965 and was able to launch a payload (explosive warhead or with fragmentation, but also nuclear Chemical weapon or ) of a ton for 300 km (against 130 km for Scud A). It was thus about a tactical weapon, intended to strike the enemy troops and infrastructures behind face.
Scud-B was exported by the USSR in many satellite countries. The Soviets manufactured of Scud-C, - D and - E much more advanced but they were deployed only of small number and not exported; Scud-B remains the most known version by far.
The name of Scud remains associated with both Guerres with the Gulf. Its use was terrifying during the “war of the cities”, where the Iran and the Iraq used of Scud equipped with Ogive S " conventionnelles" against the centers of population.
At the same time, the Soviet S used approximately 4 000 Scuds in Afghanistan.
Following the example few other missiles, the military advantage of Scud consists in their ease of transport, on vehicles equipped with slope lance-missile. This mobility authorizes a great choice of positions of shooting and increases the capacity of survival of such a system of weapons.
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