The term Scud indicates a series of ballistic missiles to short range developed in the Années 1950 by the Soviet Union. The term comes from designation NATO ( SS-1b Scud-A ) of the Soviet missile R-11 and its posterior variations the missiles R-17 and R-300 Elbrus , respectively indicated in the West like SS-1c Scud-B and SS-1d Scud-C . The first version of R-11 was deployed in 1957 by the Soviet Union.

Development

The Soviet missile R-11 is downward direct R-1 (SS-1 Scunner for NATO), itself copies quasi conforms of the German V2 of the Second world war. Developed by the research department Makeyev, the missile is still enormously inspired “weapons by German reprisals”, but it uses different propellents. Like fuel, the ethanol is replaced by Kérosène. More important, the Oxygène liquid yields the place to the nitric Acid like oxidant. If this mixture is less powerful in the absolute (the pure Oxygène being of course the best possible oxidant), the advantage of using products in the liquid state in environmental conditions is an appreciable compensation: contrary to V2, Scud does not need techniques of Cryogénie, which facilitates its use largely.

The R-17 missile, as for him was deployed starting from 1965 and was able to launch a payload (explosive warhead or with fragmentation, but also nuclear Chemical weapon or ) of a ton for 300 km (against 130 km for Scud A). It was thus about a tactical weapon, intended to strike the enemy troops and infrastructures behind face.

Scud-B was exported by the USSR in many satellite countries. The Soviets manufactured of Scud-C, - D and - E much more advanced but they were deployed only of small number and not exported; Scud-B remains the most known version by far.

Use of the Scud missiles

Several countries having received Scud B copied them, modified them and sometimes exported them in their turn. The Iraq, the Iran, the North Korea, the Egypt, the Libya developed all of the means of production of Scud missiles.

The name of Scud remains associated with both Guerres with the Gulf. Its use was terrifying during the “war of the cities”, where the Iran and the Iraq used of Scud equipped with Ogive S " conventionnelles" against the centers of population.

At the same time, the Soviet S used approximately 4  000 Scuds in Afghanistan.

Hunting for Scud

All Scud derive from German V2, like the majority of the American missiles and the rockets of the time. From their construction, they are far from precise. In this respect, Scud can be regarded as Armes at broad zone of impact. The Iraqi modifications made to the missile increase the range of this last to the detriment of its precision.

Following the example few other missiles, the military advantage of Scud consists in their ease of transport, on vehicles equipped with slope lance-missile. This mobility authorizes a great choice of positions of shooting and increases the capacity of survival of such a system of weapons.

See too

Internal bonds

• List of the missiles (by country)

External bonds

• http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/r-11.htm (in)
• http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/misc/sws_scud010426.shtml (in)
• http://www.defencejournal.com/may99/scud-missile.htm (in)

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