Scottish episcopal Church

the Scottish episcopal Church (in Gaelic: “ Eaglais Easbaigeach Na h-Alba ”) is the name employed in Scotland to indicate the faith Anglican. One recognizes a distinct existence to him since the 17th century.

Governorship and administration

Like the term of “episcopal shows it”, this Church is controlled by bishop S (in Greek, episcopoi ), which differentiates it from the Église of national Scotland, which is presbytérienne.

See also: Communion Anglican

The Scottish episcopal Church is of Communion Anglican. However, although it is of the same confession than the Église of England, their origins and their history are distinct (the second is not the “Church-mother of the other”). She is also member of the communion of Porvoo.

The Church is composed of seven Diocèse S, each one having at its head a bishop:

All (except Edinburgh, founded by Charles I {{er}}) existed before the Réforme.

Contrary to the Church of England, the bishops of the Scottish episcopal Church are elected by the Clergé and the laic representative ones of the vacant diocese at the time of a electoral Synode.

The College of the bishops constitutes the episcopal synod, the supreme Court of Appeal. This synod among his members a president elects who has the title of Primat (the title draws his origin from the Latin expression Primus inter pares - " First among its pairs"). Primacy with the form, but not functions of a Metropolitan bishop . The Primacy is called Most Reverend , while all the other bishops are called Right Reverend .

The Church is controlled by the general Synod. This one includes/understands the House of the Bishops, the House of the Clergy and the House of the Laic ones. The general Synod deals with the canonical provisions, of the administration of finances and the work management of the offices and committees of the Church. The majority of the decisions are taken in the majority qualified of the members of the general Synod voter. More complex measurements, like the change of the Code of the Guns, recquièrent a vote in the majority of two thirds of each House.

Each diocese has its synod of the clergy and the laic ones. Its senior (the equivalent of a Archidiacre in the Church of England) is appointed by the bishop, and, if it notes the vacancy, asks the synod diocesan, on the authority of the primacy, to choose a bishop. Each diocese has one or more Cathédrale S. the senior of the priests of a Scottish episcopal cathedral is described as " principal" (in the same way, the title of " doyen" is given to the senior of the priests of the diocese as a whole). The only exception in Scotland is the cathedral of the Islands on the island of Cumbrae, which is occupied by a member of the qualified clergy of " Precentor ". The seniors diocesans and the principal cathédraux ones are all and sundry called Very Reverend .

The theological College founded in 1810, was incorporated with Trinity College of Glenalmond in 1848 and was reinstalled with Edinburgh in 1876. The theological formation is now carried out by the dioceses and is supervised by the theological Institute of the Scottish episcopal Church.

History

The origins of the Scottish episcopal Church go back to 1582, when the Église of Scotland, the national Church, rejects the episcopal government (by bishops), adopts the government presbytérien (by the old ones) and the Théologie reformed. The monarchs Scot multiply the efforts to introduce bishops, and two ecclesiastical traditions are formed.

In 1584, Jacques VI of Scotland makes vote by the Parlement of Scotland the " Acts noirs" , which places the religion under the control of the king with two bishops. This measurement meets a vigorous opposition, and it is constrained to leave at the General meeting the management of the Church. But the Calvinistes are opposed on the form of the Liturgie to the faction épiscopalienne. After his accession with the English throne in 1603, Jacques puts a term at the meetings of the General meeting, increases the Scottish number of bishops and, in 1618, joins together one Assemblé general and makes adopt five articles practices épiscopaliennes, which are largely boycotted. His/her son Charles I {{er}} is crowned with the cathedral St Gilles of Edinburgh, in 1633 following the rite Anglican. Thereafter, in 1637, Charles tries to introduce a version of the common Prayer book , written by the Archevêque Laud (which derives partly from the books of the first reform of Cranmer and which shocks the Scot calvinists). When it is employed in the presence of the king with St Gilles, that starts a revolt which leads to the Guerres of the Three Kingdoms, been dependant on the wars of the bishops and gives itself finally the English civil war.

In front of the refusal of the bishops to recognize Guillaume III (1689), the presbytériens finally obtain to be restored like the Church of Scotland. However, the Act of Comprehension of 1690 recognizes with the outgoing épiscopaliens, against an oath of allegiance, to find their benefit, although they are excluded from any participation in the government of the Church of Scotland without a declaration of the principles presbytériens. Number of " non-jureurs" their also succeed during a time, by maintaining the use of the parish churches.

The excluded bishops are long in organizing the épiscopaliens in a jurisdiction independent of the State, looking at these arrangements like temporary, and await with hope the reconstitution of a national episcopal Church around a “legitimate” sovereign (see Jacobitisme). Some prelates, known under the name of bishops of colleges, his devoted, in order to preserve the succession rather than to exert a definite authority. But the ruin of the cause of the Stuart S forces the bishops to dissociate the royal prerogative of the canonical jurisdiction, in order to reconstitute themselves an episcopate.

The act of the queen Anne, in 1712, which protects the communion épiscopalienne, mark its virtual incorporation like a distinct company. But the question is always complicated by considerable, although declining, a number of outgoing épiscopaliens which holds the churches of parishes. Moreover, the Jacobitisme of the non-jurors causes a police repression of the State in 1715 and 1745 and stimulates the development of new congregations favorable to the Maison of Hanover, whose clergy is ordered by the episcopate, but which is detached from a episcopal hierarchy which locks up them within the framework the act of 1712. This act is still modified in 1746 and 1748 to exclude the ecclesiastics ordered in Scotland.

These causes weaken the épiscopaliens, which included/understood a broad part of the people at the time of the Revolution, consequently reduced with a weak minority, in some bastions, the west and the North-East of Scotland. The official recognition of Georges III with died of Charles Edouard Stuart in 1788, puts an end to blockings which obstructed a progress. The congregations are absorbed little by little, although traces remain. In 1792, the criminal laws are repealed, May the incapacities striking the clerks disappear really only in 1864. In 1784, Samuel Seabury, the first bishop of the episcopal Church of the United States of America, is devoted to Aberdeen.

The Livre of common prayer becomes of everyday usage at the time of the Revolution. The office of the Scottish communion, compiled by the non-jurors in agreement with the primitive models, changed to coordinate the authority, and the modifications of the English liturgy adopted by the American Church were mainly given under its influence.

Among the clergy of the period post-revolutionist, the most eminent characters are the bishop Sage, a well-known researcher; the Rattray bishop; John Skinner, of Longside, author of Tullochgorum ; the bishop George Gleig, editor of the third edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica ; Dean Ramsay, author of Reminiscences off Scottish Life and Character ; the bishop Alexander Penrose Forbes; G.H. Forbes; and the bishop Charles Wordsworth.

The Church allowed the creation of the episcopal Église of the United States of America after the American Révolution, by the dedication to Aberdeen of the first American bishop, whose dedication was refused by the clergy of England.

There exist 356 congregations, including/understanding 124.335 members 324 ecclesiastics in 1900. No minstère existing can affirm a historical continuity with the old hierarchy of Scotland, but the bishops of the episcopal Church are the direct successors of the prelates devoted under the Restauration.

Theology and sociology

The Scottish Church épiscopalé comprises three orders of ministers: Deacon, Priest and bishop. More and more, the stress is laid on these orders functioning in collaboration within the broader ministry of the whole of the community of God.

All orders its mixed one. However, no woman is yet bishop, not having been elected. Debates continue to animate the Church in connection with the presence of homosexual among its members.

The Church is member of the " Action of the oecumenical Churches of Écosse".

Liturgies

In addition with the Scottish book of prayer of 1929, the Church has several others Liturgie S. These last years are appeared revised funerary rites, along with liturgies for initiation with Christianity (the Baptême and the Confirmation) and the Mariage. The rite eucharistic modern (1982) comprises eucharistic prayers for the various seasons in the Liturgical year; it is commonly called " the Book bleu" , in reference to the color of its covers. A further eucharistic prayer is employed in the liturgy of the marriages.

Scottish Épiscopaliens famous

  • Patrick Campbell Rodger, the main thing of the Cathedral St Mary of Edinburgh
  • George Gleig, Primacy
  • Alexander Penrose Forbes, bishop of Brechin
  • Robert Keith, bishop and historian
  • Joseph To list (1st Baron Lister), surgeon
  • Michael Russell, politician of the Left national Scot (SNP)
  • John Skinner, historian and author of songs
  • James Syme, surgeon
  • Archibald Campbell TAIT, archbishop of Canterbury
  • Andrew Wilson, politician of the SNP
  • Richard Holloway, Primacy, bishop of Edinburgh, writer and man of radio
  • Alexander McCall Smith, writer
  • Joanne Rowling, writer

See too

References

  • William Carstares, State Papers
  • Keith, Historical Catalogs off the Scottish Bishops (edition of Russel, 1824)
  • Lawson, History off the Scottish Episcopal Church from the Revolution to the Present Time (1843)
  • Stephen, History off the Church off Scotland from the Reformation to the Present Time (4 flights, 1843)
  • Lathbury, History off the Nonjurors (1845)
  • Grub, Ecclesiastical History off Scotland (4 flights, 1861)
  • Dowden, Annotated Scottish Communion Office (1884).

External bonds

  • the Scottish episcopal Church
  • historical Resources on the Scottish Anglicanism
  • Dioceses
    • Aberdeen and Orkney
    • Argyll and the Islands
    • Brechin
    • Edinburgh
    • Glasgow and Galloway
    • Moray, Ross and Caithness
    • St Andrew' S, Dunkeld and Dunblane

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