Schottenstift
The Schottenstift (complete name: Benediktinerabtei unserer Lieben Frau zu den Schotten - Abbaye bénédictine of Notre Dame to the Scot ) is a Abbaye in the center of founded Vienna in 1155 when Henri II Jasomirgott called monks Irish and Scottish in Vienna. These monks did not come however directly from the British Isles but from the Saint-Jacob abbey close to Ratisbon.
History
With the Early middle ages, the Moine S Irish were famous for their work missionary. In Latin, Ireland was called Scotia Maior and in the countries Germanique S, these monks were often called Écossais , the Monastère S and founded Abbaye S was then Schottenklöster . In the constitutive instrument, Henri II Jasomirgott promised to call only monks “irlando-Scottish”.
Old the Margrave Henri II had took the title of Duc in 1156. It left then Klosterneuburg for Vienna which became its new town of Résidence. Consequently, it needed a Abbaye. With the the Middle Ages, the monasteries and abbeys were not only places of Prière but also of important treasures of the To know. By the foundation of a monastery, the lord had access to good a Administration, a Bibliothèque, a Hôpital and with priests to ensure the Messe in his new town of residence. The “Scot” also took part in the foundation of the university in 1356.
The new abbey received abundant Privilège S. The first construction began in 1160, the Consécration took place towards 1200. The monks of the time built their abbey outside the Enceinte Viennese. A Hospice intended for the cross pilgrims and which passed by Vienna on their road towards Jerusalem was added. The first church of the abbey was built in Romance style with a Abside. As Henri Jasomirgott dies in 1177, it is buried in the new church, called Église of the Scot . In 1276, the old abbey is destroyed in a Incendie which devastates Vienna.
Within the framework of the Reform of Melk, Albert V removes the abbey with the Scot in 1418 to give it to the Bénédictin S. the name of “Scot” was however already established and perduré.
Literary work of the schoolmaster of the Scot Wolfgang Schmeltzl is dated from the 16th century, its successor was Johannes Rasch.
The Foudre had destroyed a tower of the church in 1638, an occasion for Andrea Allio Old the, his/her cousin Andrea Allio the Young person and Sylvestre Carlone to undertake a complete reorganization of the building. The imperial Mason stone Peter Concorz is in charge of work for which it buys a career with Kaisersteinbruch. During this work, the length of the church was reduced and it was not adjacent any more with the Nef. A new image of furnace bridge was created by Joachim von Sandrart with the time baroque which is today in the room of the Prélat S. At the end of the Siège of Vienna by the Turks, the church is again renovated. The turns baroques were not very high, there were certain projects on this subject, but none was carried out.
Towards 1700, large the musician baroque Johann Joseph Fux is Organiste of the abbey. Towards 1773 - 1774, a new house of the Prieuré is built on the territory of the open Cimetière to shelter the school of Andreas Zach. The building resembled a convenient and was daily called Schubladkastenhaus . At side the hotel Römischer Kaiser oú was a song of Franz Schubert was heard for the first time.
An imperial decree created in 1807 the private school Schottengymnasium . Between 1826 and 1832 the houses around the abbey are transformed or rebuilt by Joseph Kornhäusel, especially on the side of the Freyung. The mâitres of Kaisersteinbruch received new orders such as for example new Escalier S in Pierre imperial. In the Years 1880, the church is again modified; murals of Julius Schmid as well as new a furnace bridge according to the plans of Heinrich Ferstel with a Mosaique of Michael Rieser are added.
In the court is a black Notre Dame , a work of Peter Nobile of 1825. The fountain with the statue of the founder Henri II Jasomirgott is a work of Sebastian Wagner.
The Musée of the abbey was renovated in 2004 - 2005. Is there amongst other things the “furnace bridge of the Masters Scottish” of approximately 1470, an important work of the late style gotic as well as an important visual source for the history of Vienna because of the sights on the city there present.
Sources
-
Heinrich Ferenczy, Christoph Merth, Das Schottenstift und the Seine Kunstwerke , Orac, Vienna, 1980.
- Franz Goldhann (to dir.), “Gülten-Buch of Schottenklosters in Wien v. J. 1314-1327” In: Quellen und Forschungen zur vaterländischen Geschichte, Literatur und Kunst , Braumüller, Vienna, 1849. (file pdf)
- Romance Cölestin Rapf, Das Schottenstift , Zsolnay, Vienna and Hamburg, 1974
- Helmuth Furch, “Peter Concorz, Bildhauer auf der Freyung” In: Mitteilungen of the Natural history musea und Kulturvereines Kaisersteinbruch , NR. May 26th, th and th 1993.