School of Chaillot

Founded in 1887 with Paris, the School of Chaillot , then indicated “Course of Chaillot”, constitutes today one of the three components of the Cité of architecture and the inheritance with the French Institut of architecture - IFA - and the Musée of the French monuments created by Alexandre Lenoir. It is installed in the wing and the house of Paris of the Palais of Chaillot, in the 16 {{E}} district.

History

The history of the institution begins in 1887. At the time of the creation of the Museum of the French monuments in the Palate of Trocadéro, a pulpit of history of French architecture is entrusted to a disciple of Purple-the-Duke, Anatole de Baudot (1834 - 1915), one of the theorists of the Reinforced concrete and the French rationalist schoolmaster.

In 1920 is instituted the “Center of Higher learning for the Knowledge and the Conservation of the Old Monuments” (CESCMA), renamed until a recent date “Centers Higher learning of History and Conservation of the Old Monuments” (CESHCMA), whose teachers are architects as a chief of the historic buildings or archeologists. Starting from 1969, teaching is extended to the city then with the landscape, by including the study of protected spaces. Recently and during one short duration, the school continued its activity under the title of “Center of the High Studies of Chaillot” (CEDHEC) to finally take again the denomination of “School of Chaillot”.

It leads three types of activity: the academic cycle specialized, the school of application of the architects and town planners of the State, as well as cooperation actions international, of which course abroad. Some of these formations are carried out in partnership with other schools or institutes.

Course and duration of the studies

The school is a public corporation of higher education.

It is accessible after an entrance examination (selection on file, then tests of drawing and oral examination).

The course is organized over two years. The formation is articulated around three poles: that of the building, that of the city and the landscape, and that of the history, the legislation and the management of the inheritance.

The building

The knowledge of the inheritance is taught under the angle of the evolution of the implementations and is studied, period per period, since Antiquity until the 20th century. It calls upon the information retrieval, with the many techniques of representation like to the instruments of location, with the techniques of recognition and sounding of materials and the structures. The study of the pathology of the structures passes by the compared history of the techniques and the methods of construction, by the analysis, the setting in monitoring, the research and the localization of the origin of the causes of deteriorations: external aggressions, internal failure or overload produced by modifications of use, etc

The structural diagnosis must make it possible to choose the emergency interventions, of restoration or maintenance traditional or innovating.

Study and diagnosis must lead the project superintendents to the project of restoration and re-use of the building.

The city and landscape

The program develops the analysis of the town of a patrimonial point of view and use (habitat, circulation, equipment). The various methods of data record and the criteria of classification, inventory and protection are examined in a critical way. One uses there the contributions of the historical analysis, the reading of urban fabrics and their components considered as documents.

It is a question of identifying the particular morphological characters of the old centers, then to select lawful and operational procedures for the interventions: Local plan of town planning, Protection zone of the architectural, urban and landscape heritage, Sector safeguarded, Operation programmed of improvement of the habitat… and to propose best adapted within the framework of the right of the ground and the right of the inheritance.

This teaching takes into account the emergence of the concept of urban landscape and natural, which implements various space scales, with very diverse components: economic, cultural, technical, legal. The objective is to measure the complexity of the problems arising and to bring elements of reflection which open with the dialog with the various speakers.

This teaching must make it possible to lead the various types of existing urban studies.

History and concept of inheritance

The teaching of the history traces the large historical executives of a culture stylistic, typological and technical, essential to the identification of the financial asset of the frame, whether it is old or modern. The civil and religious decorations and monumental arts like the stained glasses, the murals, the sculpture, are also studied.

This teaching aims at integrating the requirements of the archaeological and historical step. It is not a question to train historians, but professionals. The first have the responsibility of locate, identify and to make known architecture, the seconds must ensure of it the restoration, the conservation, the adaptation and the renewal according to the needs for the community.

The legislation and the management of the inheritance

The restoration and the re-use of the buildings and the management of the old centers, beyond the strictly structural and physical problems, raise questions of philosophy tackled in the debates of doctrines seen under the angle of the history or the topicality, but also of the considerations related to the economy of the building. The prospects, possibilities and opportunities offered by the re-use, which represent all the field of the opening of the inheritance on the world of tomorrow, are illustrated for examples.

Teaching makes it possible moreover to acquire a thorough knowledge of the legislation on the historic buildings and protected spaces. It relates to also the organization of the administrations in load of these sectors. It recalls of it the historical evolution, closely related to that of the concept of inheritance.

Contents of the lesson

Teaching consists, after an examination entrance organized each year and a selection among already graduate architects, to train professionals specialized in the rehabilitation, the restoration, the re-use and the development of buildings or old sites. It also prepares with the assistances of Town-planner of the State option inheritance - AUE, still called Architecte of the Building industries of France - and with that of Architecte as a chief of the historic buildings (ACMH).

External bonds

Site of the School of Chaillot
Site of the Association of the Architects of the Inheritance
Official site of the City of Architecture and the Inheritance

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