School handbook

The school handbook (of Latin manus , the hand), considered at the XIXe century as the delivers summarizing all the others is a didactic work having a handy format and gathering the essence of knowledge relative to a given field.

History

The appearance of the school handbook can be put in parallel, like many books, with the invention of the press to be printed in 1454. It is this same year that the first French school handbook recognized like such by the current editors is published. It is about a Latin collection, printed in Paris and bearing the name of Lettres of Gasparin de Pergame .

There will not be thereafter (and until the XVIIIe century) only of rare dedicated works to the education of the children of published. The religious origin of the school handbook conferred to him, during several tens of years, a function of teaching of values morals. The majority of the schools were then denominational and teaching was especially practiced by monks. It is only starting from the end of the XIXe century that the teaching dimension of the handbook is development, in particular thanks to the various decisions of Jules Ferry as regards education and with a decree of January 1890 which forces the teachers to resort to books for their teaching.

It is in the 1950 qu years ' appears a new generation of handbooks in order to correspond to the evolution of the methods of training: the contemporary authors are favoured compared to the traditional ones and the lecture is replaced gradually by incentive activities the oral expression of the pupils.

The years 1970 (and considerable May 1968 influences it) are one of the periods pivot for teaching and the school handbooks: the latter which until were now treated on a hierarchical basis in chapters very " figés" then adopt a burst and aired structure where the descriptive one, the typography and the page layout has their own significance. From now on, the school handbooks thus do not lend themselves more to one reading uninterrupted.

The school handbooks now illustrated and are designed in order to be gravitational and complete. Generally organized in chapters, they can contain, in addition to the required documents to support the course of the professor, of the excercices of comprehension and/or research, according to the matters approached. They cover the general matters and certain specialized matters.

Bought by the pupil or lent by his school, they fill the bags of the schoolboys, in particular with the college, where many people (teachers, parents and pupils, doctors) décrient them because of their weight considered as excessive, because heavy on the back of the schoolboys.

External bonds

" School handbooks and the factory in mass of non-lecteurs" , an extract of '' Lire and to think together - On the future of the edition independent and publicity of the thought '' of Jerome Vidal criticizes (Paris, Editions Amsterdam, 2006), with reading on lekti-ecriture.com

" Turbulences of the edition scolaire" , A conference of Jean-Pierre Archambault, with reading on Framasoft

POINT OF VIEW: “Manual of the future…. near?? ”, of Sebastien Chops, with reading on MathéMATICE, the review in line entirely devoted to the use of the TICE in class of mathematics.

Simple: Textbook

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