School and professional orientation

Tally of the service

The service can be offered since the college until higher education careers advisers (in the majority of the cases, they are Psychologues) dependant on the Public service or by independent advisers. When the service is proposed by the independent ones, it is usually paying.

The dies of work proposed must be in direct correlation with the professional choice of the person who consults. The determination of this correlation cannot be made that within the framework of a structured maintenance, led by a professional adviser (psychological in general, but not obligatorily).

It is in this only condition that the person who consults sees giving informed and relevant councils which can, provided it invests there sufficient time and energy, carry out it at the end of its objective.

The school and professional orientation meets an important need being given complexity increasing for the work world.

History

Long is the period when the children make the trade of their parents. Where the things are simple and the orientation a succession… Economic evolution led to the creation of new trades, new knowledge. The division of the tasks, the bureaucracy induced by the confiscation of the knowledge to make create new trades. Nobody is prepared with this evolution but personalities like TOULOUSE, BINET, PIERRON are at the border between psychological science and educational engagement; the socialist virtue is a good mixture of sciences to the mode: psychology, physiology and medicine.

With the triumph of capitalism, the development of Taylorism then fordism, the social request leads to an image adeaquationist of the orientation: on a side, psychologists work to the measure in psychology (IQ, personality, attitudes, values, personality), of another, the social transformations and economic require the contribution of hand of useful work, therefore qualified. In 1909, there exist for example, 900 CAPE different. In Europe, the movement of orientation is primarily French: it is very strongly engaged in the psychometry which is then at the same time a science bougeoise (the good man in the good place) and a science of the people (the quality of the worker is measurable scientifically and this quality is an educational work). It is the time adequationist of the orientation.

On a side of the social needs, other of the individual desires: from there then create for themselves tensions carried by the communist movement very prégnant in the orientation (the majority of the advisers are then communist).

The school and professional orientation gave up its prescriptive aspect to become a descriptive orientation.

Expert psychologists able to predict a professional future, the careers advisers became the managers of a system of assignment of the pupils, of management of flows. Lastly, education with the orientation transformed the advisers into pedagogs of an unthinkable matter to being taught: to become children!

Currently, the movement of orientation asserts psychology. It is a question of holding council with the " client" on what he wants and to help it to build its future. Of prescriber with pedagog of " the best way of choisir" , the careers adviser must be the person in charge of the failure of sound " client".

The history of the orientation is a major element in the construction of a professional identity: psychometry, information, pedagogy. Its statute commits it being for its " clients" the only person in charge of their failures; that which collects the shit with its teeth would say Boris Vian. Today, the school and professional orientation rises from this psychological dimension.

In Switzerland

The Swiss education system

Training of the psychologists careers advisers

For the whole of the French cantons, the title of psychologist careers adviser is obtained with resulting from a university formation, either by obtaining a license in psychology option school and professional orientation, or by a training postgrade (OF the COMCO) accessible for people having already obtained a license in psychology but not specific to the orientation. Example of modification

The training of psychologist careers adviser is proposed only with the Université of Lausanne (UNIL).

Useful bonds

Offices and services of orientation of French-speaking Switzerland
Cards of information on the existing professions in Swiss Switzerland
Stock Exchange of the places of training
Stock Exchange of the offers of improvement in Switzerland

Associations

Swiss Association for the school and professional orientation
French Association of council in school and professional orientation

In France

Training of the advisers of orientation-psychologists

Since 1991, the careers advisers became psychologists. The formation is done in two years for titular people at least of a license in Psychologie (all specialities) and having made a success of the entrance examination organized by the State education. It is held in 5 university centres distributed in all the France.

The formation comprises courses of psychology (of the orientation, Adolescent, pathological…), of Sociology, economy, Statistical and practices, with in-company trainings and in Information center and orientation.

At the conclusion of the two years of training, the trainee passes an examination which confers the to him diploma of State of psychological careers adviser and it is named in a C.I.O.

The Web sites on the school and professional orientation

Site gate of the National office of Information on the Lesson and the Professions - ONISEP (France)

Software of assistance to orientation (L.A.O.)

There exist software of assistance to the orientation which can help a pupil in his choices of orientation by carrying out it towards a reflection on its tastes and capacities but also on its knowledge of the socio-economic environment and the formations. They are generally proposed by state education and usable in the TDCI or CIO of the schools. This software can help a pupil in his choices of orientation or to direct it towards precise fields but cannot in no case to choose in its place. This software is often used at working sessions in whole class or semi-group. Since the beginning 2007, the interested parties (pupils or professionals of the orientation) can also resort to the services of assistance to the choice on line of the www.activ21.com site realized by psychologists and pedagogs specialized on new and ethical bases.

After 3rd

The orientation after the 3 {{E}} is often the moment when the choice is most important and is often neglected because it is the first moment when the system ceases carrying all the pupils in the same direction. The following diagram shows the principal possibilities of orientation and reorientation between the 3 {{E}} and the Baccalauréat (green arrows indicating the possible movements between the sections, and the names in red diplomas obtained).

It is noted that the majority of the pupils choose a second general or technological what is often a choice by defect due to the bad image of the professional way which tends sometimes even to a diabolisation of certain branches. There exist great disparities between best the colleges and C.E.S concerning the orientation of the pupils after the 3 {{E}}.

In Quebec

The careers advisers must obligatorily have a university control in science of the orientation.

In Morocco

Training of the school and professional careers advisers

The center of orientation and planning of education ensures the formation and the continuing education of the framework of the school and professional orientation and the executives of the planning of education. This center makes also research and studies concerning the fields of the orientation and planning.

The formation contains two cycles:

Cycle school and professional careers advisers

The formation is open on contest for the full-time teaching staff who has a four years seniority of exercise as a teacher of 2nd collegial cycle, the duration of formation is two years, it is based mainly on modules of psychology, psychometry, child psychology and teenager, social psychology, statistics, of saving and methodologies in research.

The formation is enclosed by the defense of memory of search for end of studies. The memories of research fit in one of the sets of themes of the formation. NB: in Morocco the school careers adviser does not have the title of Psychologue.

Cycle inspectors of school and professional orientation

The access to the cycle of the inspectors of orientation is open on contest for the planning or careers advisers being four years old of seniority.

The formation in the first year is based on Psychologie, Psychométrie, the Statistiques, Psychosociologie of work, the psychology of the orientation and the methodology of research.

For the second year the formation is based on methodologies of research and the realization of a report of research whose subject fits in one of the sets of themes of the formation.

External bonds

Onisep (France): Site of the National office of information on the lesson and the professions
Site of the National debate University - Employment
Imagines your Future, the mag of discovered universes pros/For the schoolboys/high-school pupils
space Orientation of the Student
Conseil and school orientation private since 1953

Random links: