See also: School (homonymy)

school|school A school is an establishment making it possible to accommodate individuals in order to exempt a Enseignement to them in a collective way. The word school comes from Latin schola , meaning leisure devoted to the study.

History of schooling

See also: History of education

Obligatory education

The schools can be obligatory or optional, according to the countries, during a more or less long time. In almost all the countries (the France or the the United States for example), it is not the school which is obligatory, but the instruction of the children . Consequently, of the parents to inform themselves their children at the house can decide or to entrust them to schools of their choice, since at the end of the course, the children acquired the knowledge imposed by the law.

The age of beginning of obligatory education is generally at the 6 year old neighborhoods (6 years with the Quebec, the Canada and in France, 7 years in Finland).

The age of end of obligation of instruction is definitely more disparate, variable 9 years in popular China at 16 years in much of Western countries; it depends primarily on financial means that the country can, or wants to devote to the education of its youth.

Although a notable increase was recorded in many countries, it was noted in 2000, at the time of the World forum on the education of Dakar, that more than 113 million children - especially of the girls - did not receive primary education. The delegates of 181 countries of this forum thus committed themselves making so that from here the 2015 all children, in particular the girls and the problem childs and pertaining to the ethnic minorities, have the possibility of reaching an obligatory and free primary school education of quality and to follow it until its term.

Financing of the schools

The majority of the modern States regard as having to them to provide at least an basic education to the children of their citizens. For this reason, much of schools are had and their teaching financed by the States.

Many countries have a network of private schools or known as “special”, which use a step of training which is clean for them. They are generally independently of those of the government, financed by the school fees poured by the families whose children attend these schools. However, such schools sometimes also receive a financial support of the governments. Many private schools are affiliated with a particular religion; those are known as denominational schools.

Elementary schools and secondaries

Summary table

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Pre-school establishments

See also: nursery school

Before the age of obligatory education, the majority of the Western countries provide education for nevertheless part of the children in pre-school establishments. It is one preparatory period with elementary teaching: the key objectives are the Socialisation, the installation of the Langage, the number and the graphic gesture.

These establishments are indicated according to the countries under the name of nursery school (France, Quebec), childish school (Swiss) or Kindergarten.

In France, the nursery school accommodates the children from 3 to 6 years and even sometimes, as of the 2 years age. Although obligatory education begins only at six years, the very large majority of the children attends the nursery school as of three years.

The first degree of teaching in Quebec corresponds to the pre-school education, which is not obligatory. It relates to the prématernelle one and the Maternelle. The latter, although of pre-school level, is often integrated into the elementary schools.

The elementary school

Obligatory education generally starts with the entry at the elementary school towards the six years age. (A Little earlier in Quebec, later in Finland). It is during this period that are acquired the bases of the Apprentissage of the reading, of the writing and the mathematical .

The second degree of teaching corresponds to Quebec at the elementary school. This one consists of 6 years of studies, divided into three cycles. The contents of the lesson are definite since June 2001 by new the Training program of the Québécois school.

The secondary school.

See also: Secondary education

The secondary education covers the school degrees which are between the end of the elementary school and the university. The secondary school is often divided into two orders of teaching which correspond one to the last years of obligatory teaching and the other to the beginning of teaching postobligatoire. The systems retained by the various countries can be very different.

The end of secondary education is frequently sanctioned by a diploma. In France, it is about the baccalaureat.

In Canada, education is of provincial jurisdiction, which causes that secondary education enormously differs from one province to another. Quebec has a particular school system (explained below). The majority of the provinces, in particular the Ontario, follow the American system. The third level of teaching in Quebec corresponds to the secondary school, which consists, for obtaining the diploma of secondary studies (OF), in 5 years of studies.

Vocational schools

In Quebec, it is also possible to continue its secondary education, as of the 16 years age, at the professional level. Obtaining the diploma of professional studies (EPD) makes it possible the student to reach the job market.

Higher education

The instruction being obligatory with more up to 16 years or 17 years according to the countries, the higher education does not form part of the period of obligatory education.

Single in Quebec, the cégep (acronym meaning “College of mainstream education and professional”) consists of two or three years of studies, which emerge, in both cases, in obtaining the diploma of collegial studies (DEC). The pupil thus has two alternatives at the time of his entry to the collegial one:

  • education préuniversitaire , one 2 years normal duration, which prepares the student at his entry at the university using course of general training. Several programs are offered, inter alia:

human *Sciences

*Sciences of nature
*Arts and letters
*Double-DEC

  • technical education , one 3 years normal duration, which makes it possible to the students to acquire more specific knowledge and practices concerning a trade. Certain courses, the such courses of literature, philosophy, English, or of physical education, to name only them, are obligatory with obtaining the diploma of studies Collégiales (DEC). Technical education makes it possible to the students to enter on the job market or to continue their studies at the university.

The Québécois university system is composed of many universities, of which the public network of the Université of Quebec. It includes/understands three principal levels of studies:

  • First cycle (baccalaureat)

  • Second cycle (control)
  • Third cycle (doctorate)

Since the access to the Québécois university comprises a 13 years minimum of schooling, contrary to 12 years in the remainder of Canada, academic works of level baccalaureat are generally of a three years duration, that is to say one of less than elsewhere with the country.

See too

Education systems by country

References

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