Schism

Definition and origin

A schism is the separation of a group in two parts. In the biblical tradition , the first Schisme is separation between the Royaume of Israel and the Royaume of Juda after the reign of Solomon.

The word comes from the old Greek σχισμός / skhismós , which means “separation”, of the verb σχίζω / skhízô , “to cross, split”.

Great schisms

This term applies more specifically to the framework of the separation of a Christian Church in two Churches, like the Great schism of the East (1054) between the Roman Catholic church and the orthodoxe Churches, which persists still nowadays, or like the Great schism of Occident, which was put an end by the Concile of Constancy (1414-1418).

Recent schisms

Several schisms occurred since, as well inside the orthodoxe churches as catholic-Roman.

At the Orthodoxe ones, the schism of the Vieux-Croyants (17th century) involved violent persecutions on behalf of the authorities tsarists.

Among Catholics, one of most known is, in France, that of the Petite Church, consecutive with the Concordat of 1801 signed by the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte with the pope Pie VII: part of the Catholics refuses to be directed by former clerks " Swearers " and prefers to become priests and from eucharistie.

Schisms and heresies

One does not speak about schism between the Protestant Catholic church and Churches (as well Anglican as reformed), because separation in this case consisted of the rejection of the Church by a community considered as Hérétique, and not of a separation decided by an internal entity of the Church.

Schism and integration

Often, the schism with a confession is followed integration of the schismatics in another Church, thus to Germany, the Vieux Catholics, which dispute the pontifical infallibility set up in dogma by the ecumenical Ier council of the Vatican, makes schism in 1871 and approaches the Church Anglican.

The Orthodoxe ones of Ukraine, refusing the domination of the Muscovite patriarchate, separate from him in XVIe century to join the Roman Church under the name of Greek-catholics. With the other Catholics of Byzantine rite, they are commonly called Uniates.

See too

Related articles

Simple: Schism (religion)

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