A sceptre is the decorative Bâton, resembling a Masse of weapon, held by the Monarque, it is one of the symbols of the Royauté.
To the Etruscan , the kings and the Prêtre S of high ranking carried splendid sceptres, one finds of them many representations painted on the walls of the tombs in Étrurie. The British Museum, the the Vatican and Louvre have very elaborate Etruscan sceptres of gold and thoroughly ornamented.
The Roman sceptre is undoubtedly a heritage of the Etruscans. Under the Republic a sceptre in Ivory (in Latin: sceptrum eburneum ) was the prerogative of a Consul. He is also that of a victorious general who received then the title d´ imperator and was then a symbol of delegation of the authority, as one will find it later with the stick of maréchal.
Under the Empire the sceptrum Augusti was carried by the emperor. It was generally out of ivory and capped of a Aigle out of gold. It is frequently on the medallions of the late empire which on its side face the emperor holding in a hand the sceptrum Augusti and in the other the Globus cruciger , surmounted of a small figurine representing the Victoire.
It should be noted that in the the Latin Pantheon, the sceptre is a distinctive attribute of Junon.
When the Héraldique developed, the sceptre was often used with its symbolism of the capacity.
Sceptres with small sanctuaries on the top were sometimes represented on the royal seals, as on the large seal of Edward III, where the king, throne, a such bear, but it was about an unusual form; it is as interesting to notice as one of the sceptres of Scotland, preserved at Edinburgh, has such a sanctuary at its top, with the representation of some images of Marie, Saint-Andrew and Saint-James. This sceptre was, one thinks, carried out in France about the year 1536, for Jacques V of Scotland. The large seals represent usually the sovereign on his throne, holding a sceptre in its right hand, and the sphere and the cross in the left. The king Harold appears in this way on the Tapisserie of Bayeux.
The first crownings of English king at the 9th century mentions a sceptre ( sceptrum ), and a stick ( baculum ). In what is called the crowning of Ethelred II appear a sceptre ( sceptrum ), and a stem ( virga ), as that was also in the case of made a crowning of an order of the 12th century. In a contemporary report of the crowning of Richard I, a gold sceptre with a gold cross and a stem ( virga ), with a gold dove at the top appears in the historical texts for the first time. Around 1450, Sporley, a monk of Westminster, drew up a list of the Relique S. It acted in particular of objects used during the crowning of Saint Edouard the Confessor, and left by him for the crowning of its successors. A gold sceptre, a cane out of gilded wooden and of an iron stem are described. These objects existed until the the Commonwealth, and are thoroughly described in an inventory established in 1649, when all was destroyed.
For the crowning of Charles II of England of new sceptres were manufactured and although slightly modified, they continue to be used. They are a sceptre, surmounted of a cross, called Sceptre of Saint Edward, the sceptre with the dove, and a long stick or sceptre surmounted of a gold cross entitled the “sceptre of Edward Saint”. To those, were added thereafter two sceptres for the queen, one with a cross, and the other with a dove.
In ceremonial dress, several of them can be used units.
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