Sauvignon

The sauvignon (or sauvignon white ) is a Cépage of Vigne ( Vitis will vinifera ) very widespread in France (see French Vin). The young wines of white Sauvignon have a flavor characteristic, distinct from that from the other type of vines, whose principal descriptors are the Genêt, the Buis, the bud of blackcurrant, the Pamplemousse, the fruit of passion and, in certain cases, smoke, the roast meat or the stone with rifle. These strongly odorous molecules could be associated there are about fifteen years to volatile thiols (compound carrying a function Sulfanyl (R-SH)). These flavors, in the form of trace in the Moût appear in the wines during the alcoholic Fermentation. It is under the action of the yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) that volatile thiols are released starting from nonvolatile precursors of the grape of which the structures were identified with S - combined with the Cystéine.

A recent study of 1997 revealed the direct family ties of the Cabernet-sauvignon, resulting from the crossing of frank Cabernet and from Sauvignon.

Origin and geographical distribution

France

In France, the culture of the sauvignon extends on approximately 14.000 ha, including 6.000 ha in the South-western (in particular the Bordelais), and as much in the the Loire Valley. This surface is currently in progression. In the Loire Valley, it gives dry white wines very scented (Sancerre, Pouilly-Smoked). In the Sauternais, the sauvignon allows obtaining liqueur-like wines white.

The type of vines is classified authorized in name Saint-Breaking (in the Burgundy), Barsac, Coast-with-Blaye, First coasts of Blaye, Bordeaux-Coast-of-Francs, dry Bordeaux, Cadillac, Cérons, Coast-of-Borough, Creaming of Bordeaux, Between-Two-Seas, Graves, Serious-with-Vayres, Loupiac, Pessac-Léognan, First coasts of Bordeaux, Holy-Cross-of-Mount, Holy-Foy-Bordeaux and Sauternes.

In the Vineyard of the Val-de-Loire, the sauvignon belongs encépagement to names Anjou, Cheverny, Slope-of-Giennois the, Stronghold-Vendean, Menetou-Living room, Pouilly-Smoked, the Pouilly-on-Loire, Quincy, Reuilly, Saint-Pourçain, Sancerre, Saumur, Touraine, Touraine-Mesland and Valençay.

In Provence, the sauvignon is authorized in the wines of Bandol, Cassis and of the Coteaux of Aix in Provence.

In the South-western, the sauvignon belongs encépagement to names Bergerac, Côtes of Lasted, Coast-of-Marmandais the, Gaillac, Pacherenc of Vic-Bilh, Monbazillac, Montravel and Saussignac.

Italy

It is classified recommended in 32 provinces of Italy and authorized in 26 provinces. In 1990, it covered 2.947 ha.

In Italy, it is classified auxiliary type of vine in DOC. Alghero, Bagnoli di Sopra, Bianco di Scandiano, Bolgheri, Carso, Castel del Monte, Colli Berici, Colli Bolognesi, Colli del Trasimeno, Colli dell' Etruria Centrale, Colli di Conegliano, Colli di Faenza, Colli di Parma, Colli di Scandiano E di Canossa, Colli Orientali del Friuli, Colli Piacentini, Colline Lucchesi, Collio Goriziano, Contea di Sclafani, Contessa Entellina, Untied Nivolelli, Friuli Annia, Friuli Aquileia, Friuli Grave, Friuli Isonzo, Friuli Latisana, Garda, Garda Colli Mantovani, Lison Pramaggiore, Vini del Molise, Oltrepó Pavese, Sant' Antimo, Terlano and Trentino.

It is also cultivated in California, to the Chile and gives very beautiful wines in New Zealand.

Characters ampelographic

  • End of the young cottony, white branch with dyed with carmine edging.
  • Young fluffy, yellowish sheets.
  • adult Sheets, with 5 lobes with narrow side sines and at acute funds, a petiolar sine in more or less open quadrant, teeth ogival, narrow, a duveteux limb.

Farming aptitudes

Maturity is of second average time: 20 days after the chasselas.

Technological potential

The bunches and the bays of the sauvignon are small. The bunch is truncated, sometimes winged and compact. The type of vine is of good strength but it is not very fertile. It is very sensitive to the Oïdium, with the Eutypiose, the Black-rot and the gray rot. It is less sensitive to the Mildiou. In certified material, one counts 20 approved clones. The clones 297 and 316 are most important in qualitative terms.

Its Moût is sweetened with a good acidity.

This type of vine is rather general-purpose: in competition with the Sémillon, it can produce liqueur-like wines on the condition of letting develop the noble Pourriture (Botrytis cinerea) and to limit themselves to weak outputs.

Synonyms

The sauvignon is known under the names of white soft, white smoked, soft white, feigentraube, trusted, smoked white, large sauvignon, Livornese, Muskat-Sylvaner (or Muskat-Silvaner), muskatani sivanec, punechon, puinéchou, punéchou, rouchelin, sarvonien, sauternes, sauvignon white, sauvignon smoked, sauvignon extracts the salt from, sauvignon small, savagnou, savignon, servonien, sovinjon, sovinon, surin, musky Sylvaner, weisser sauvignon

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