Sare

Geography

Situation

Sare is a commune of the Basque province of the Labourd, frontier with the Spain and with fifteen minutes by the road of the Basque Côte.
Sare and Ainhoa, jointly with the two Spanish communes of Zugarramurdi and Urdax, compose a transborder territory, called Xareta . With horse on the border with Spain, it is a passage impossible to circumvent of the Chemin of Saint-Jacob (Voie of Baztan), which starts from Bayonne to Pampelune.

Access

Sare is connected to Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle by the secondary road D3, to Ascain by D4, Vera de Bidasoa (Spain) by D406 and the collar of Ibardin (315 m) and to Etxalar (Spain also) by D906 and the port of Lizarrietta (507 m).
The commune is also connected by a service of bus to Saint-Jean-with-Luz.

Hydrography

The commune is crossed by affluents of the Nivelle, Tontoloko Erreka, Uzkaingo erreka, Arrayoko erreka, Galardiko erreka and Lizuniako erreka and the tributaries of this last, Hiruetako erreka (and by the affluents of this one, Ourioko erreka and Tonbako erreka), Beherekobentako erreka and the brook of Portoua (and by the affluent of this one, the brook of Helbarrun).

Localities and hamlets

Communes bordering

Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle in the North-East
Ascain and Urrugne in the North-West

Toponymy

The toponym Sare appears in the form Sares (XIIe century, cartulaire of Bayonne).
The toponym Haranburua appears in the forms Haramboure (XVIIIe century, collations of the diocese of Bayonne) and Haramburua (1863, topographic dictionary Basque Béarn-Country).
The toponym Helbarrun appears in the form Helbarren (1863, topographic dictionary Basque Béarn-Country).
The toponym Istilarte appears in the form Istillarte (1863, topographic dictionary Basque Béarn-Country).
The toponym Lehenbizkai appears in the form Léhembiscay (1863, topographic dictionary Basque Béarn-Country).
The toponym Olhalde appears in the form Olhade (1863, topographic dictionary Basque Béarn-Country).

History

; Mythology

Etsai represents the devil, the demon in Basque mythology. It was represented several times in the shape of a dragon. He lived the Leiza cave in Sare where he held a school and taught in little time sciences, arts and the letters;
Mikelats is one of two wire of Mari. It is a being malefic. With his/her brother Atarrabi, who is his opposite, symbol of the moral good, they made studies at the school of the devil. At the end of the studies, this last, as a payment, drew with the fate among its pupils to keep some with its service. Mikelats wanted to destroy the corn fields of Sare whose his/her brother had become the priest. To counter its project of destruction, Atarrabi opposed the prayer to him. Thus it saved harvests as of his;
Zanpantzar is a Mannequin of Paille manufactured by the young people of Sare the evening of the Ash Wednesday. They walk it in a cart through the Quartier S of the Village, as if it were about a Convoi Funèbre where dead would be to it Sanpantzar. Some young people appear the Deuil and the others go on each holding side of the road of the Chandelle S of lit Résine. Arrived at the place of the village they burn the puppet.

; Modern history

the border of 32 km with the Basque Country southern (villages of Zugaramurdi, Etxalar and Vera) deeply marked its history. That attracted to him the consideration of Louis XIV, and later the lightnings of the Révolution. In 1693, Saratar reflect in rout of the Spanish plunderers. Louis XIV granted the village of the armorial bearings, in this same year, to preserve the memory of this action intrépide.
Its priest, Axular, transcribed for the first time at the E century the Basque spoken, thus perennializing the Euskara.
In 1790, Sare was the chief town of a canton including/understanding the communes of Ainhoa, Ascain and Sare, and depend on the district of Ustaritz.
In 1794, with most extremely of the Terror, and following the desertion from forty seven young people of Itxassou, the Committee of Public Hello made stop and off-set in the Landes and the Ger, the totality of the inhabitants (men, women and children) of Ainhoa, Ascain, Espelette, Itxassou, Sare and Souraïde, issued, like the other common close relations of the Spanish border, common infamous .
the Father Barandiaran, ethnologist of great fame, refugee with Sare during the war of Spain of 1936, made discover with the public the Grottes of Sare.
Appelée to decide by referendum in 1978, the population of Sare rejected the creation project of a road leading to the top of Rhune, which allowed the small train with toothed rack surviving, and to the area to keep its originality.

Administration

Intercommunality

Sare belongs to nine inter-commune structures:

Communauté of communes of the South Pays Basque
Intercommunity association Biek-Beats
Nive Intercommunity association - Bubble
Intercommunity association of the colleges of secondary education of Saint-Jean-to-Luz
Mixed trade-union Bizi Garbia
Mixed trade-union Kosta Garbia
Syndicat for the support for the Basque culture
Syndicat AEP Nive - Bubble
departmental Syndicat of electrification.

Sare belongs to the Basque Eurocité Bayonne - San Sebastian.

Demography

2005: provisional population of INSEE.

Economy

The activity of the commune is mainly agricole.
An iron mine was in activity until the XIXe century.

Culture and inheritance

Among the Basque proverbs attached to the villages, Sara, astia (Sare, country of leisures) arrived to us.

Civil inheritance

the Grottes of Sare are caves having been occupied lasting the Préhistoire. One finds there Racloir S and old glares of at least 45.000 years (Moustérien), and in greater number of the tools (Burin S and points) of approximately 25.000 years (Gravettien) and plates and Grattoir S of approximately 13.000 years (Magdalénien).
the fortified camp from Mouiz dates from the beginning from the XIXe century.
the house known as Ihartze Artéa dates from the XVIIe siècle.
the museum of the Basque Gâteau proposes a discovery of this cake in a traditional environment.

Religious heritage

the origin of the Saint Martin's day church dates from XIIe century. It conceals a whole of furniture (five furnace bridges, five retables, an end of chorus, skirtings of coating, a staircase, tables and statues) inventoried by the ministry for the Culture. In addition, a plate ( Orai den seroraren eta izanen direnen gravel bank lekua eta hobia - This is the seat and the vault of the Benoite current and those to come) announces fall it and the traditional place of the benoîtes.
the vault of Holy-Catherine was built at the XVIIe century, on the foundations of a construction going back to 1481. It was offered to Napoleon III and the empress Eugenie on October 6th, 1867 by the municipal council of Sare, which put to at the feet of Its Majesty the empress, in any property the vault of Holy Catherine, by begging Her Majesty to agree to accept the gift of it. The commune in all its humility, would not be able any to recognize towards L.L.M.M. all the benefits whose countries are to them, and will be indebted for them. the couple visited the vault on October 8th, 1868, at the time of excursion towards the caves of Sare.
Fourteen oratories are to be discovered on the roads of the commune. Religious processions (rogations) took place until 1968, each of the three days which precede the Ascension, to require the security of the employments of the fields, and the men and the animals against the diseases. Similar processions took place on twenty April five, day of the Saint Marc. The oratory devoted to Marie is characteristic of the habitat souletin, with its roof with two strong covered slate slopes. Its construction dates from the years 1820, and was initiated by the Bordaguibel abbot, native of Sare, and cleaned parish of 1820 to 1830.

Environmental inheritance

Rhune (905 m) is a tourist destination appraisal, grace in particular since 1924 to the Petit train of Rhune, a train with toothed rack on the basis of the collar of Ignace Saint.

Equipment

; teaching the commune has a public primary écle and Saint-Joseph private school.

Personalities related to the commune

Joanes d' Ibarrola, born in XVe century with Sare, doctor utriusque juris (doctor in civil law and canonical), adviser at the Parliament of Rouen, then with that of Bordeaux, police chief of the king in charge in others of the drafting of the habit with Drunk (1520). It also contributed to the foundation of the college of Guyenne;
Bertrand de Lahet, born in XVe century in Sare, was bishop of Bayonne of 1504 to 1519;
Pedro de Axular, born in 1556 with Urdax and deceased in 1644, is a famous Basque writer who transcribed for the first time at the E century the Basque spoken. He was confirmed in his possession and pleasure of the cure of Sare by the Parlement of Bordeaux, on the initiative of Henri IV, cure which was disputed to him in its capacity as foreigner;
Alberto de Palacio there Elissague, born in 1856 in Sare and deceased in 1939, is an engineer and architect, creator of the Transporter bridge of Portugalete or “Pont of Biscay”, built in 1893, registered in 2006 with the World heritage of UNESCO.
Elissamburu, born at the XIXe century with Sare, is a captain and poête which left Basque worms, always famous in the Basque Country:

Victor Ithurria, born in 1917 with Saint-Jean-with-Luz and deceased in 1944 close to Blain, is a regional champion of Basque Pelote which was illustrated during the Second world war and was in particular pointed out by its skill to launch the grenades. It is buried in Sare.

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