Saprophyte
A organization is known as saprophyte (σαπρός rotted (huet), φῠτό plant) if it is able to nourish Organic matter in decomposition.
In ethology and animal comportementology, an animal " saprophyte" is an animal which nourishes waste (dustbins) of the man… in this direction the fox is a saprophyte of the man.
The saprophytism is the fact of living in saprophyte.
The Micro-organismes saprophytes live in water, the air or the ground without depending on another living being. They nourish organic matters in decomposition and transform it into mineral matter.
The majority of the Bactérie S saprophytes are inoffensive for the Homme. Their main role is the recycling of the matter (especially vegetable) in order to maintain balance biological in nature. Some can however become pathogenic, for example Clostridium tetani (responsible for the Tétanos).
The flora saprophyte indicates the whole of the Bactérie S necessary to the organization being located in the Intestin S. These bacteria symbiotic is essential for the digestion of the Aliment S and synthesizes very many Molécule S necessary to the human life or animal such as some Vitamine S.
Many a Champignons develops according to a mode of nutrition saprophyte and pushes on trees or dead sheets. They take part thus in the formation of the Humus.
This capacity of independence does not prevent them from taking part in many types of associations commensales or mutualists, in particular on the level of the Mycorrhizosphère S. the phytoremediation began these last years to look further into the study of these fungi, which largely influence the various capacities of the plants to absorb the various elements contained in the ground. The mycorhizosphère is the Rhizosphère mycorhizées root S. The mushrooms saprophytes mycorhiziens, by forming mycorhizes where they nourish cells and other waste rejected by the roots of the colonized plant, also induce a certain number of changes in the Physiologie of the plants, the availability of the nutrients, the composition of the microbial communities. Beyond the rhizosphère, the mushroom mycorrhiziens hyphas act like the roots of the plants, and thus prolong the extent of the rhizosphère by creating a new interface between the plant and the ground: the hyphosphère.
They thus play a key role in the cycles of the matter (cycle of carbon, of nitrogen).
When the host is a higher Plante, this one is generally deprived of Chlorophylle. Neottia, Limodorum and Monotropa would be, thanks to the mycorhizes, the only saprophytes kinds of the moderate countries.
Simple: Saprotroph
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