Santerre
The Santerre is a natural Région of France located in the middle of the current area Picardy.
Located between Amiens and Saint-Quentin, the Santerre is a territory covering a surface of approximately 3.000 km ², including 242 communes and populated of 106.489 inhabitants.
Covered with forests at the beginning of the the Middle Ages, this area was very largely deforested. Eternal zone of passage, at the same time near to the capital and area border until in 1659, it is in the history of the Picardy closely related to the destiny of the France.
Picardy, ground of kings, underwent the invasions of the Romains, of the Huns, the Francs, the Normands and the Flemish . The area endured the wars One hundred Year old (1337 - 1435), Religion (1562 - 1598), Thirty Years (1618 - 1648), and Santerre in particular was the theater of decisive combat during the Great War.
History
Before the Roman colonization, the area which will be named later “ Sana will terra ”, then Santerre , was a plain partially occupied by marshes where two Gallic tribes lived, Ambiani (of Amiens) and Veromandui (of Vermand) in the North of the territory populated by the Bellovaques (of Beauvais).The Romans arranged, from Amiens and in direction of Saint-Quentin, a rectilinear way (enough with the variation in the South and on left bank Sum, up to the level of Péronne). After 500, the invasion of the Frank and the conversion of Clovis to the Christianity, his/her son Clotaire, husband towards 538 of Radegonde, princess of Thuringe, offered to this one a residence with Athies, with ten kilometers of Fibula, city where Saint Fursy was buried, come Irish monk évangéliser the area.
In 768, Charlemagne is crowned King of the Francs (768-814) with Noyon. It makes Noyon its capital.
In 929, the king Charles III Simple the, in captivity since 6 years with the castle of Fibula, died there and was buried there in the church St-Fursy.
In 987, it is with Senlis, in the Santerre that Hugues Capet, is elected King de France by the large lords of the nobility of the kingdom. Its sacring in the cathedral of Noyon inaugurates the dynasty of the Capétiens. The Capétiens succeed the Carolingiens and will direct the France of 987 to 1328. The Santerre is integrated in the embryonic royal field and Sentis becomes a residence of kings de France to Charles X.
In 1328, the Valois, so resulting from the Santerre, succeed the direct Capétiens with the sacring of Philippe VI. The new king is cousin of direct the Capétien last, Charles IV the Beautiful one, with death, without posterity, of Henry III. The dynasty of the Valois will remain on the throne of France until in 1589.
It is with Compiegne that Jeanne d' Arc is captured by the Bourguignons on May 23rd 1430 at the time of an exit on Right Bank of the Oise.
In 1435, Charles VII yielded to Philippe the Good, duke of Burgundy, the towns of Fibula, Roye and Montdidier.
In second half of XVe century, the towns of Nesle and Roye were the theater of confrontation repeated between Louis XI and the Burgundian ones, as Montdidier which they set fire to.
In first half of XVIe century, if Fibula succeeds in resisting the seat of the army of Charles Quint carried out by the count de Nassau, prince d' Orange, Nesle and Roye were this time set fire to in their turn.
After the Revolution, at the XIXe century, Vidocq resided the time of an investigation at Rosières to stop a band of “ Chauffeurs ” which prevailed in Santerre by torturing their victims to extort their economies to them. In 1846, the future emperor of the French and nephew of Napoleon i, imprisoned since 1840 due to attempt at putsch Bonapartist, managed to escape from the fort of Ham, disguised as a mason.
The Bataille of the Sum in July 1916 was largest and bloodiest of the contemporary battles. The cities and villages of the Santerre were shaven, its fertile grounds and its forests were plowed not the million shell, its old files burned at the time of the fire of Fibula.
Returned peace, the time of the rebuilding necessary arrived, of the brick red buildings rose to replace the houses and farms of formerly (to some extent out of frame and mulch ) and at the same time as the multitude of white crosses of the military cemeteries right in the middle of the fields gradually given in culture.
Geography and economy
The Santerre is more precisely localized in the South-east of the department of the Sum, between the valley of the Sum and that of the Avre.The area which saw being born Parmentier (child of Montdidier), is famous for its intensive agriculture (cereals and beets). Agribusiness industry is particularly present there with sugar refineries, as with Eppeville and of the canning facilities (Bonduelle).
Ground regroupings and concentrations cultivated there having been earlier and more intensives (consequences of the First World War then, well later, opening of the Autoroute A1) that in the other areas of the department which has been able préverser longer an aspect of scrap-metal , its full , monotonous and tedious image of dull, is still rather heavy.
This negative reputation of flat, only agricultural landscape and stupidly utility (not of tourism and not of beautiful old villages and due) still was reinforced by station TGV established in the middle of the beets .
The project of establishment of an international airport was highly fought in the years 2002 by elected officials and the population concerned:
- the harmful effects related to the intensive air traffic worried,
- the loss of so much of hundreds of so fertile hectares of arable lands was regarded as a waste,
- the suppression of “sites of memory” by the displacement under consideration of so many tombs of soldiers having poured their blood for and on this ground shocked deeply.
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