Santa Fe (Argentinian province)

The province of Santa Fe is located at center-is Argentine. Limited to north by the province of the Chaco, to the east by Corrientes and Between Ríos, to the south by Buenos Aires and the west by Santiago del Estero and Córdoba.

Capital : Santa Fe
Surface : 133.007 km ²
Population : 3.000.701 (census 2001)
Population density : 22,6/km ²
Rate of illiteracy : 3,7% (1995)

Departments

History

The indigenous tribes which lived this area were the toba S, Timbú are, Mocoví are, Pilagá S, Guaycurú be and guaraníes. They were wandering, lived hunting, fishing and harvest of the fruits.

The first European payment dates from the year 1527, in the junction of the rivers Paraná and Carcarañá, when Sebastián Gaboto in its northern voyage, had founded the fort of Sancti Spíritu, destroyed two years later by the Indians.

The town of Santa Fe was founded in 1573 by Juan de Garay in the neighborhoods of current the Cayastá. Between 1651 and 1660, it was transferred to another site.

In 1812, the lawyer and general Manuel Belgrano makes swear for the first time on the Argentinian flag with his soldiers, at the edge of the river Paraná, in the village of Rosario, 160 km in the south of Santa Fe.

During 1815, the central government of Carlos María de Alvear fell because of the rebellion of Ignacio Álvarez Thomas (in this time with the ordering of an army sent against Santa Fe to fight Artigas), the chief of the local militia, Francisco Candioti took care, peacefully, of the government, beginning like-that the era of Santa Fe like autonomous province. This stage was short, because the same Candioti year dies and the central government reconstitutes the government dependant on Buenos Aires. However, in 1816, the caudillos Mariano Vera and Estanislao López fell the gouvernator delegated and proclaimed the souverainaity of the province and its entry in the Lie of the Free People, of Artigas.

López had dictated, in 1818, a provincial constitution of preserving nature strongly , after having rejected a project presented by a provincial assembly. During the civil fights of 1820, the troops santafesines were decisive in the defeat of the centralist army porteño . Thus, with López time changed and became the " Patriarch of Fédération" , and the " référence" federal party until its death in 1838.

After the death of López, its , secretary and right-hand man Jose María Cullen are selected as governor. However, Cullen being a potential rival of Manual Juan of Rosas, the governor of Buenos Aires is in charge of the Foreign relations of the confederation, this last sought and obtained its capture and its execution in order to name a governor " pro-rosiste" Juan Pablo López . This new governor was maintained with the capacity, in alternation with Pascual Echagüe, until the invasion of the province by the Large army of Justo Jose de Urquiza, in December 1851. During its mandate in 1841, a new Constitution was adopted.

After the National organization, the province lived one period of peace, only deteriorated by strong electoral fights between the two political currents: the federal current in favor of Urquiza and the national or liberal current in favor of Bartolomé Miter.

The political hegemony of the conservatives was threatened by the formation of new political parties: the Unión Cívica Radical ( Radical Civic Union ) and the Partido Demócrata Progresista ( Democratic party Progressist ), formed since the League of the South, ordered by the " pro-rosiste" Lisandro of Torre. In the same way the creation of the Argentinian Agricultural Federation , following the Révoltes of Alcorta (named according to the santafesine city of Alcorta), carried out by chacareros (farm) had a great effect at the national level.

Santa Fe was the first province applied the electoral reform of 1912 (Law Roque Sáenz Peña) at the time of election of 1912 which transfers the triumph of the UCR for the first time. The UCR is maintained with the capacity until the coup d'etat of 1930. In 1932 the PDP arrived at the capacity with Luciano Molinas as governor.

For the period peronist, Santa Fe becomes the bastion about it most important, especially the town of Rosario, known like the capital of the " péronisme". During the years 1960 and from the prohibition of the peronism, the province was controlled by the UCRI (1958-1962) and the UCRP (1963-1966), divisions of radicalism. In 1969, Rosario was an important hearth of the protest called " Cordobazo " and which left visible traces in the city.

After the return of the Democracy in 1983, the province was controlled by the peronism, although on certain occasions (as in 2003 the socialist candidate Hermes Binner), the candidate having obtained the most voice belongs to one of the opposition parties.

Administration

The province is divided into 19 departments. The provincial Constitution was approved on April 14th, 1962.

The Executive power is in the hands of a governor, elected official democratically every four years. Its mandate is not renewable.

The Legislative power belongs to Legislatura, divided into two rooms:

the Sénat is composed of 19 senators, one by department.
the House of Commons is made up of 50 deputies and is completely renewed every four years. 28 seats are allotted to the party which obtained the most voice, the 22 remaining seats are distributed proportionally between the other parties. This representative inequality is called " automatique" majority; because it makes it possible the party in power to control the legislature.

The judicial Power is composed of the Supreme court and the lower courts.

The departments do not enjoy a government or an autonomous administration, the second level of government being the municipality. The province is divided into a multitude of Municipalités, controlled by a Conseil and an Intendant elected by the population every 4 years and of Communes, controlled by the Council elected every 2 years and by President Communal elected by the Council.

Its first constitution of 1819 was conceded by Estanislao López, after the rejection of a project presented by a Parliament of Representatives. Of paternalist nature, it was adapted during time to give more to be able to Legislatura.

The second constitution of 1841 was more modern and similar to those of other Argentinas provinces.

The third of 1853 was adopted and follows the requirements imposed by the Constitution of the Argentinian Nation, the national constitution. It was modified in 1863, 1872 and 1890 in order to create the post of vice-governor and to spend the period of government at four years.

The constitution of 1900 , modified in 1907, was valid during three periods: 1900-1932, 1935-1946 and 1955-1962. It was replaced by twice, once by the constitution of 1921 and the other by that of 1949.

In 1921 a new constitution was promulgated but the governor Enrique Mosca put his veto to him because convention had exceeded the 90 days that the law grants to carry out the reform. It was put into force in 1932 by the governor Luciano Molinas, of the Democratic party progressist, which was the inspirer of most of the reforms of 1921. After a federal intervention in 1935, one returned from there to the former constitution.

In 1949 , for the period Péroniste, was promulgated a new constitution in the spirit of the reform of the national Constitution. It was abolished after the fall of Peron in 1955.

The current constitution of 1962 was adopted by a broad consensus and incorporates many reforms which were included in the constitution of 1921. The province agreed on a reform which could be done the next years.

Geographical aspects

Although wedged, the province has an access to the sea thanks to the river Paraná, which is thrown in the Río of Plata. It is it tenth Argentinian province in the face. It is composed of a vast plain. The river Río Salado del Norte mark separation between the northern zone, included in the Area of Chaco the southern and zone which belongs the plain of the Pampa. This plain is the result of the accumulation of sediments coming from the Brazilian solid mass, lasting the Precambrian era. The highest part is in the west of the province. In the south of the provincial capital, the Río Paraná is bordered of high banks.

Population

The great economic center is the town of Rosario, city also the most populated (population, 908.000hab.). Follow, by decreasing order, and among 8 cities of more than 25.000 inhabitants:

Santa Fe capital (369.000 h.)
Rafaela (83.000 h.), national center of the dairy production
Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74.000 h.), which belongs to the conurbation of Rosario
Venado Tuerto (69.000 h.), the center of the south-west of the province
Reconquista (66.000 h.), the most important city of the north of the province
Santo Tomé (58.000 h.), which belongs to the conurbation of Santa Fe

The population is mainly of European origin and is resulting from the large wave of Immigration of 1855-1955. In this European immigration, the Piémontais and the Suisses are detached. The town of Moisés City received an important Jewish population . During the last decades, Rosario atiré many migrants of the interior, mainly of the provinces of north. Among those, a broad quota toba comes from the province bordering on Chaco.

Climate

The south of the province has a thermal mode and precipitations similar to those of the Pampa.

North knows higher temperatures, with precipitations higher than 800 mm in the east, but less important in the west. The winter is there moreover one marked season.

Hydrology

Hydrography presents like striking fact the presence of the Paraná river, which also plays the part of provincial limit. Moreover there exist many tributary rivers, of which the Río Salado del Norte, the Río Carcarañá and the Stream del Medio.

Economy

The province knows one of greatest economic developments of Argentina. Its richness is based on the transformation of the agricultural produce.

Agriculture: It includes the oilseeds culture ((Soja, Tournesol and Maïs). The province is the principal producing one of soya of the country. The Wheat (flora) and the Sorgho are also cultivated. After Buenos Aires, it is the principal producing one of wheat. Other cultures: the strawberry (in Coronda).

Breeding: intensive Breeding in north and intensive wintering in the center and the south. It occupies 20% of the national total

Industry: dissociates the oil industry, the mills with flour, the production of dairy products, of meat, the preparation of cheeses and dried milk intended for export and the production of honey. Moreover, the iron and steel industry, automobile industry, the manufacture of machines and tools agricultural play a big role in the economy of the province

Principal cities

Rafaela
Reconquista
Rosario
Santa Fe
Venado Tuerto
Villa Gobernador Gálvez

Tourism

Tunnel Hernandarias , under the Río Paraná, between Santa Fe and Paraná the provincial capital of Between Ríos
Ruins of Cayastá (first site of the town of Santa Fe), to 40 km in the North-West of the current site.
National Monument of the flag, with Rosario.
Field of Glory (to San Lorenzo, 25 km in the north of Rosario, or the Bataille from San Lorenzo in 1813 passed)
Lagune El Cristal - Tourist complex located close to the town of Calchaquí.

See too

Towns of Argentina

External bond

chart of the province of Santa Fe
PortalSantaFe.net

Beats-smg: Santa Trusts provincėjė

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