Sandomierz

Sandomierz (in Latin Sandomiria ), in French Sandomir is a town of Poland which counts 25.920 inhabitants (2005). It is the Chef-lieu of a county ( Powiat ) which belongs to the Voïvodie of Holy-Cross.

Geographical location

Sandomierz - Sandomir in French and German - are located on the the Vistula, in the south-east of the Poland. The site of the city is on a plate enabling him to dominate all the valley. With proximity, the San joined the the Vistula. Sandomierz is a important Nœud road.

History

Sandomierz is one of oldest Polish cities the. Archaeological excavations made it possible to establish that with the Neolithic the site was already inhabited. A city appeared at the beginning of the Moyen-âge, tie favors its situation over important trade route and at the point of junction of San and the Vistula. The first historical mention of the city dates from the beginning of the 12th century when the chronicler Gallus Anonymus arranges it in the Polish main cities, at the sides of Cracow and of Wrocław.

When Boleslas III the Stop-Chest division Poland between its sons, Sandomierz becomes the capital of the Duché of Sandomierz, resulting from the territorial dismemberment of the Royaume of Poland. At the 13th century, the city is devastated on several occasions by the Mongolian . In 1286, Lech II the Black rebuilds the city and grants the to him Droits of Magdeburg.

Following the reunification of the Polish territories at the 14th century, the duchy of Sandomierz is integrated into the kingdom in the form of Voïvodie. A Jewish commune is created there. At that time, the city counts 3.000 inhabitants and is one of the more big cities of the country. In the middle of the 14th century, Sandomierz is burnt stalemate the Lituaniens. The plan of the city practically since then did not change.

The city continued to thrive until the 17th century. In 1570, an agreement is concluded there on the peaceful coexistence from the religions. The golden age of the city brutally ended in 1655 when the Swedish seize the city during the Déluge, one of the darkest periods of the history of Poland. After occupyhaving briefly occupied the city, the Swedes withdrew themselves after having destroyed the castle and strongly damaged other constructions. Thereafter, the economic regression of Poland strongly affects the city. In 1698, the Jewish , shown ritual crimes, is driven out city. They will return only in 1862. A large fire in 1757 and the first division of Poland in 1772, which places Sandomierz in Austria, contributes to the decline of the city.

In 1809, the city is partially destroyed during the war between Austria and the Duché of Warsaw. In 1815, the city is built-in the Royaume of the Congress. The city counts 2.640 inhabitants then. In 1818, it becomes a episcopal seat . Then it belongs to the Russian Empire. The city still suffers heavy damage during the First World War and is occupied by the Austrian army.

In 1918, Sandomierz belongs to ressuscitée Poland. During the Inter-war period, the city is selected like capital of the central industrial Région ( Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy ), industrial vast project which was to contribute to modernize the economy of the country. The Second world war did not make it possible the project to be concluded and the city did not become an industrial center. The German seize the city in September 1939 and attach it to the general Gouvernement. The Jewish population of the city (approximately 2.500 people, 40% of the inhabitants of the city) disappears, mainly in the death camps of Belzec and Treblinka.

The city is released by the Red Army in August 1944. Since the end of the war, the city was industrialized very little, which enabled him to keep its charm of provincial small town. In 1999, the city became the Chef-lieu of a county ( Powiat ).

Economy

tourism
industry of glass (Pilkington-Sandoglas)
food industries (transformation of the agricultural produce)
printing works
shipyard and river port

Tourism

Among the many vestiges of the past, we can quote:

old a carries of the Gothic town of style dating from the 14th century ( Brama Opatowska )
the old city (14th century)
Gothic town hall of the 14th century, Gothic houses and rebirth S
church S:

the unit formed by the church saint Jacques (built 1126 with 1250 on the initiative of Iwo Odrowąż) and the Basilica with a Gate out of bricks of Romance style
the church of the saint Spirit, Gothic style (14th century)
Synagog (XVII {{E}} /18e century)
palate of the bishop S (19th century
Gothic cathedral
church saint Paul (15th century)
church saint Michel (17th century)
church saint Joseph (17th century)

the Collegium Gostomianum , one of oldest the average school of Poland whose wing the oldest date of 1602
the house founded by Jan Długosz in 1476, which accommodates today the museum diocesan
an attic of 1696
a castle of the 14th century, transformed into 1525, destroyed in 1656, only the western wing remained

External bond

Official site of the city
tourist Information

See too

List of the dukes of Sandomierz
List of the bishops of Sandomierz

Random links: