San Remo

San Remo (also known under the name Sanremo ) is a Italian city, in the Province of Imperia in the Ligurie in Italy.

San Remo counts approximately 60.000 inhabitants in 2007. In many inhabitants, it is the fourth ligurienne city, after Savone, Spezia and Genoa.

The name of the French inhabitants is Sanrémasques , with the suffix - ask typical of the old Ligure. They spoke traditionally about the dialects of Ligurian Intémélien, of Intemelia, name indicating the Roman area which extended from Sanremo with Nice.

It is a tourist, known city for the culture of the flowers (each year takes place a flowered Corso, San Remo in flowers , from where the nickname of Cité of the flowers ), for its festival of the Italian song, its car rally and its role of point of arrival of the cycle race Milan-San Remo.

San Remo with the characteristic to be one of the four Italian cities to have a casino.

The privileged geographical position of the city, in a split protected by the mountain, contributes to its soft climate which makes of Sanremo a destination favourable with the cures in all seasons.

Geography

The city is leant with two mountainous solid masses which start with the Mont Bignone (1 299 m) and extend to the sea: in the east towards the headland of the Cap Verde (surmounted headlight of the course of the Weapon ), and in the west until the Black course .

The mountainous relief, the groves of Chestnut S and the influence of the sea make it possible the town of benefit from a very soft subtropical climate. The alternation of the seasons is not almost felt: the days are hot and the nights are fresh all the year.

The historical residential hamlet, Pigna like is fixed on the walls of a headland dominated by the church of the Madonna of the Coast where the torrents San Francesco and San Romolo descend. To the east, the torrent San Martino and, to the west, the torrent Foce gave their names to the respective parts of the city.

The back country, safe from the city is devoted mainly to the culture of flowers (under greenhouses). Indeed, the culture of flowers plays a big role in the economy of the city. Some olive groves and of the remainders of terrace cultivation, from now on practically abandoned, strew the surrounding countryside and hills.

Traditionally, Sanrémasques benefit from wooded back-country the near to the downtown area during the summer for a " walk apart from the murs" , between the alleys of chestnuts and the hamlet San Romolo , where green areas and plays for children are available. The slopes of the Bignone mount also are very appreciated: the panorama goes from Saint-Tropez to Albenga, it is possible to see the Corsica in clear weather.

The wooded part of the back country was recently included in the natural park of San Romolo-Assembles Bignone . Of a surface of approximately 700 ha, this zone (in the past traversed by the mule tracks) has a great historical value and is rich by its fauna, its vegetation, and its landscapes.

Sanremo is surrounded in the east by the Poggio hamlet and the west by the Coldirodi hamlet. First is known to be the last inclined part of the cycle race Milan-Sanremo, the second for the important art gallery Rambaldi .

From the administrative point of view, the city extends to the east from the Cap Verde to the hamlet Bussana , more populated city. This hamlet was rebuilt after the earthquake of 1887 which had destroyed the central part of it (this site corresponds today to Bussana Vecchia ). Constructions in ruins were abandoned until the beginning of the year sixty when artists come from the whole world decided to repopulate them, while giving on foot original constructions out of stone. Single in its kind, it is today a laboratory with open sky for art, an open door on the life and the rural culture of the 19th century.

In 2006, the city received the Blue Pavillon of Europe for the quality of the services offered in the tourist port ( Portosole di Sanremo ).

Toponymy

The Toponymie hesitates between two derived versions from the etymology: Sanremo and San Remo . The name of the city seems to be a form derived from San Romolo (in local dialect Sanrœmu decides, more simply Sanremu ) or from the contraction of San Romolo in Eremo or of Sant' Eremo . San Romolo was a bishop of Genoa having lived at the 9th century and which passed a good part of its life in the ligurienne city. He died as a hermit on the slopes of the Mont Bignone.

In France

The official name of this Italian city is not francized (contrary to others Italian toponyms having a French name). The dictionaries of use specify that the two forms Sanremo and San Remo are authorized in French. The large atlases and geographical maps almost always use the C-W communication San Remo . It is thus possible to find one or the other form in the various French contemporary media. In a historical context, one finds also sometimes the C-W communication accentuated San Rémo or the presence of a hyphen San-Remo .

This double toponymy is explained by the controversy surrounding the C-W communication of this Italian name (see below).

In Italy

The official point of view is always discussed and is often the subject of various interpretations between the two forms. In all the cases, there does not exist in the Catholic religion of holy Remo , explanation retained by those which retained only the form contracted in only one word, as it is currently the case in the city and all the regional public agencies.

However, at the end of the fascistic time, there were discussions on the exact orthography of the city and of many people were tempted to use the made up version. The partisans of this orthography referred to the etymology of the name and the historical principle of continuity : in the geographical maps of the 18th century one can notice that the made up form was employed (either Civitas Sancti Romuli or San Remo - but it is a very contestable translation).

More recently, by studying attentively the documents of the communal records, one observes that the December 2nd 1937, the central Institute of statistics had listed the city with the made up name San Remo , whereas the administration, until this moment, did not respect official name “San Remo”. Indeed, on March 20th 1928, the Italian official journal (the Gazetta Ufficiale ) imposed that exact official name is San Remo .

This same statistical institute intervened the February 8th 1938 to recall to the city the edict of the official journal. However, on the initiative of the prefect, the mayor of the time (a podestà ) answered “We insist that the noun is modified in Sanremo”.

The August 8th 1940, the president of the central institute of statistics contacted the city again and wrote: “… the communal code should be modified according to the name followed by the institute (San Remo, ndr) in heading of the official documents, of the stamps used by the communal services. ” and asked for “written evidence of this decision”.

The August 30th 1940, the mayor sent the following answer: “We ask you to notice that starting from now the name of the city " will be spelled; San Remo" rather than " Sanremo". ”

The last Second world war, the name in only one word was always used. This is why the mayor, with an edict dated from the March 24th 1954, sent to all the civils servant the following letter: “One makes available of the recipients that the exact orthography of the name of our city is the following: " San Remo". We forward to you this normative information while asking you to agree to make it follow to the adapted personnel, so that the printed documents and the official communications use the exact name. ”.

This decision was never applied in the municipal organizations. In spite of this “official” decision of the city, the C-W communication “San Remo” continued to be refused by the population. The other version was used as a large majority, in particular in the road, railway, tourist indications and even almost everywhere in the official documents of the city, the province and the area. Even the electoral official documents indicated the name Sanremo . In the centralized documents, like the Official journal , the registers of the taxpayers and in the documents of the center of statistics, the form San Remo continued, a time, to be used. From now on, the whole of the Italian media uses only the contracted form “Sanremo”.

Finally, the city, with approval, by an official standard of the commune, following the various deliberations of the municipal council between 1991 and 2002, decided that the official form was that in only one mot.

History

The site of San Remo was inhabited very early in the history, as testify some to the remainders of human installations dated from the Paléolithique. It is at the time Roman that the city starts to develop significantly. It was founded along the Via Julia Augusta , probably called thus by Caio Matucio, which had built a sumptuous villa around the old oppidum (close to the current casino). Another interpretation refers to the Asian divinity of origin MATER Matuta , goddess of the dawn, whose name would thus have become Matutia then Villa Matutiæ .

Whatever is the origin, it is however certain that, after the conversion of the population to the Catholicisme by the Saint Orsmida and the hermit Saint Romolo, at the 9th century the city was attacked continuously by pirates buckwheats, who forced the population to take refuge in the mountains. Spent this period of devastations, the city was rebuilt along the coast, in the current districts of San Siro and of the Pigna (called thus because of the rolled up form according to which this district was built for reasons military), surrounded by a wall and defended by a castle. This zone was dedicated thereafter to Saint Romolo. A document of 979 indicates that several families request from the bishop Teodolfo a small holding (named castrum Sancti Romuli ) for a reduced rent, dedicated to the bishop who is " now regarded as a saint and venerated by the population, which in its tomb requests and calls upon divine protection against the enemies who continue to ransack and kill ".

The city belonged previously to the Diocèse of Albenga-Imperia, then to the county of Vintimille, and finally it passed under the control of the bishops of Genoa.

In 1297 San Remo was sold to the noble génoises families Oberto Doria and Giorgio De Mari which amended administrative of it. In 1361 it passed under the control of the République of Genoa until in 1367 when the population made a collection to be repurchased and become a free commune (always under protection of Genoa but with a particular status).

At the 16th century the invasions sarrasines started again, of which that of the pirate Bore-red , who in 1544 devastated the city and plundered the church of San Siro.

During almost two centuries, the city remained under the protectorate of Genoa, but it was bombarded in 1745 by boats English. At this time, the city entered in dissension with Genoa because of the taxes (Gabelle S) important that it was to pay whereas it encountered important economic difficulties and that one had asked him to separate the borough from Stuck (currently Coldirodi) of the city. In 1753 the city rebelled but the génois repressed this revolt savagely. With this occasion, Genoa built the fort of Santa Tecla (used like prison until in 1997) in the neighborhoods of the port. This event marked the one period beginning of generalized recession which lasted one half-century.

The Napoleonean troops occupied the city in 1794. Until 1814, it was the Chef-lieu of a Arrondissement of the first French Département of the the Alpes-Maritimes, created in 1805 and which replaced that of Monaco. After the Restoration of the House of Savoy in 1814, San Remo becomes an appendix of the Royaume of Sardinia and depends on the spring of the Sénat of Nice until 1848. Urban misery had brought terrible conditions of hygiene, so much so that an epidemic of Choléra the population in 1837 devastated: it is at this time that new a Cimetière and a public laundrette were built.

In a few years the city started to develop from the tourist point of view: in 1864 the tsarina Maria Aleksandrovna chooses for the first time to spend the winter to San Remo, which opened the road with élitiste tourism of noble Russian, those being attracted by the soft climate and the beauty of the places. The empress of Austria Elisabeth de Wittelsbach ( Sissi ), at the time of her multiple voyages through Europe (1870 - 1890) stops several times at San Remo. It is during this period that the splendid buildings of the city are built, mainly according to the style Art nouveau, for the European aristocracy which settled in a semi-permanent way in the city. Always at the end of the 19th century, the city passes from the agriculture of the citrus fruits to the culture of the flowers. At the beginning of the 20th century, infrastructures more adapted to the entertainments of the demanding elite of the Belle time were built: the casino, the golf course, the cable car of San Remo-Mount Bignone (at the time longest of the world), the Hippodrome, the Stage, etc At the end of the First World War, the Conférence of San Remo took place between allies to discuss the redistribution of the grounds of the Ottoman Empire, of which the Palestine (given to the Great Britain), the Syria, and the Lebanon (given to the France).

During the the Thirties, the city experienced its greater tourist development: San Remo continued to increase its capacities of reception on a side and developed its economy of the culture of the flowers of the other. With the approach of the Second world war, élitiste tourism slowly started to decrease. With the end of the conflict, the city saw the arrival of tourism of mass, thanks to which them periods of stay spent the winter to the summer. The considerable economic growth which resulted from this and opportunities from work in the culture of flowers attracted many workers (in particular the Abruzzi) who contributed in a notable way to increase the city. The real estate speculation of the the Sixties and the Seventies, combined with an increase in the needs for the city, did not have a very positive effect: the wild concreting prevented an harmonious development of the downtown area, become meanwhile increasingly populated and anarchistic.

The creation of the new tourist port Portosole (literally " Port of the soleil"), at the end of the Sixties confirmed the tourist role of the city which became increasingly important in the local economy. From there, a different sensitivity emerged: the least neat zones of the city were revalorized and a new town-planning slowed down wild constructions.

Currently San Remo crosses one period of intensive reconversion to thwart the slow decrease of tourism which started in the medium of the Années 1990. The goal is to start again tourism, to improve the cultural and historical fame of the city, and to emphasize its landscapes.

Tourist monuments and places

Sanremo offers sumptuous examples of architecture in any kind of the Baroque, while passing by the Art nouveau, the Romance and the neo-classic .

Churches

  • Church San Siro - (Basilica Cathedral of Siro Saint) built at the 12th century probably by the Masters Comancini on the remainders of a church paléochrétienne. It is of Romance style /Gothic with 3 Nef S. It was altered and increased at the 17th century when the bell-tower (with 12 chimes) was destroyed (then rebuilt) after a bombardment of the English navy .
  • Sanctuary of Notre-Dame of the Coast - more known for the townsmen and the tourists under the name of Madonna of the Coast , it is used as benchmark for the navigators because it was built at the top of the hill of the Pigna (historically, the first occupied zone of the city). The church was built in 1361 to celebrate the release of Sanremo of the influence of the family Doria (of Genoa). The church preserved its architecture of the 17th century, in particular of many decorations baroques, of the frescos of the 17th century, four statues out of wooden of the 18th century and a Vierge with the child of the 14th century: it is true the Madonne of the Coast which gave its name to the church.
  • orthodoxe Russian Church : at the end of the 19th century, the Russian nobility had chosen Sanremo like place privileged to spend the winter and to go in cure. The Russian community of the time had reached the thousand of people, of which much had been established there in a permanent way. In agreement with the city it was decided to build an orthodoxe church whose first stone was posed in 1912. Inter alia characteristics, due mainly to the lack of financings, the church is placed safe from the railway station and at the beginning of the walk of the empress (called thus in recognition of the tsarina Maria Alexandrovna, woman of Alexandre II, who made of Sanremo - the first - her holiday place). Although the plans of the church were drawn by the Russian architect Alksej Scusev, this one never went to Sanremo. The final project is due to the local engineer Pietro Agosti which directed work. The church is always used today: it is one of the symbols of the city.

Castles

  • Castle Devachan - Built at the end of the 19th century, of style Art nouveau, it is located between the hills, close to the boulevard of English (literally: Corso degli Inglesi ). The project was carried out by the engineer Pietro Agosti. It was bought by the 75e English count Orazio Seville de Mexbourough in 1890, was converted recently with the Hindouisme, and was bought for its second and young woman Lady Lucy : the name Devachan means in Indian language second sky of the paradise of the heart . Its role is to indicate a place of rest for the Buddhist on the way towards the Nirvāna. The castle was useful, between the August 19th and the April 24th 1920 to lodge the Conférence of Sanremo, where the Ottoman Empire was divided between the Alliés at the end of the First World War. With this occasion, in spite of the Italian hopes, nothing was decided in connection with the possession town of Rijeka ( Fiume in Italian), although very opposing Gabriele d' Annunzio sent to the participants of the conference a famous missive (entitled " with the players of casino of Sanremo") on this subject, treating - amongst other things - the castle of “large villa of bad taste” (in spite of that, in the the Sixties, of Annunzio part of decoration style Louis XVI of the castle bought) at the time of a sale with the Enchère S. Actuellement the villa is a residence dedicated exclusively to the holiday makers.

Palate and villas

  • Palate Bellevue - Built between 1893 and 1894 on a project of Pietro Agosti, it was used originally as luxury hotel for the easy customers. Inside one found big rooms of reception, continuations very distinguished, very large rooms, a famous restaurant, as well as reserved spaces with the servants of these customers representing the richest elite and noblest of Europe. At the time, the second building was used with a curative aim: a kurkaus (kind of spa before the hour). This building became the Excelsior hotel thereafter. The frontage of the Bellevue Palate introduces rich person decorative reasons for varied styles (vaguely Eastern). A large park is in front of the hotel, where one finds many varieties of Fleur S. It with the characteristic to grow blurred gradually in sinuous alleys to the street Aurelia , without having any barrier or wall: it was one of the characteristics of this large hotel, to encourage the fortunate customers to remain there (inter alia the king Farouk Ier of Egypt, large player of games of chance). Since 1963, when the hotel complex was bought by the city, it is used as Town hall.
  • Palate Borea d' Olmo - Built at varied times, starting from a dwelling of the end of the the Middle Ages, the palate is on the central street Matteotti , with a few meters of the Théâtre Ariston. Its current aspect dates from the 17th century and the 18th century. It is one of the most important buildings Baroque of the Western Ligure. One can notice the gate of the 16th century, surmounted by a statue of the Vierge realized by a pupil of Michelange and superb frescos of the 17th century. The palate received famous hosts: Elisabeth Farnèse, queen of Spain, Charles-Emmanuel III of Sardinia, and the pope Black and white VII (in 1814). Sit of the urban civic museum, it is always the residence of a family member Borea d' Olmo.
  • Villa Nobel - In 1870, the Pharmacien Pietro Vacchieri made build along the side (in the east of the city) a small palace which " for the elegance and the harmony of its forms likes most fastidious of the compliance with the rules of the art". Called Villa me nido (literally " villa my small nid"), according to the Moorish Style, it was the last dwelling of Alfred Nobel which bought it in 1891 and where he moved for health reasons. In 1969, the villa was acquired by the city, and becomes the seat of meetings, events and cultural events. In 2002 the villa, after being entirely restored depending on its original state, was opened with the public: it lodges a museum on the discoveries and the inventions of the 19th century.
  • Villa Ormond - Known mainly for the beauty of its large park, rich in exotic plants, this villa belonged to a family Suisse, as tells the poet Pastonchi : “The invisible Mrs Ormond had bought the villa Rambaldi, a white rectangle behind a large olive-tree: she had demolished it to entirely rebuild it, with gantries and by tearing off the olive-trees, to recreate a garden with English”. Louis Ormond (1828 - 1901) the old Rambaldi villa in 1875 to like Michel his superb wife Marie Marguerite Renet bought (1847 - 1925). When the Earthquake of 1887 damaged the foundations seriously, he entrusted to the Swiss architect Emile Réverdin the rebuilding of the villa (finished in 1889). In 1928, after the death of Marie Marguerite, the villa was bought at the same time as the park by the city. The city used it to make ceremonies of handing-over of price or others: of 1936 with 1977, international exhibitions (around the topic of the flowers) were held there. A wing of the building lodges from now on the international institute of the humanitarian right. The park is divided into two by the street Aurelia: in north the villa, the " is; garden of hiver" , and a zone of Japanese style (pointing out the twinning of Sanremo with Atami); in the south, beyond the charming fountain with stone cherubs (realized by Pietro Agosti), are statues set up in remembering two of the many famous hosts of the city. First is dedicated to the poet, to historian, to politician and to Mexican speaker Ignacio Manuel Altamirano which died in Sanremo in 1893. Second is dedicated to Nicolas I {{er}}, sovereign of the Montenegro.
  • Villa King - Located at a few meters of the Nobel villa, this charming small palace of the 19th century in style Art nouveau was offered by a German baron to his daughter at the time of the marriage of this one. Used as hotel until the end of the the Thirties, it was recently destroyed partly by a fire, and is in the course of restoration. The gate of entry is of very beautiful invoice, entirely out of wrought iron. This gate was carried out by the local blacksmith Baccicin Giordano , whose family, of the 19th century until the medium of the the Fifties, realized in her shop street Canessa, of wrought iron works for the big cities and gardens of the Italian Riviera and the Riviera.

Culture

Events

  • the Course flowered , San Remo in flowers in January.
  • the Festival of the Italian song in March
  • the historical rally of San Remo - " Cross of Fleurs" - in April
  • traditional the Milan-San Remo in March
  • the championship of the Italian PGA of Golf in April
  • the international trophy of Minigolf in May
  • world cup of Triathlon in May
  • the European festival of the Music in June
  • the trophy Topolino of Golf in June
  • the " blanche" harms; in September
  • the rally of San Remo, test registered for International Rally Challenge in September
  • the international festival of the " musicaux" groups; in October
  • the gathering of the Song of author Premio Tenco in November
  • the Grand Prix of the nations of sporting Shooting of November to December
  • the " marathon of the mer" in December

Personalities

Administration

Hamlets

  • San Romolo
  • Poggio
  • Bussana
  • Bussana Vecchia
  • Coldirodi
  • Verezzo
  • San Bartolomeo
  • Gozo Superiore
  • Gozo Inferiore
  • Verezzo San Donato
  • Verezzo Sant' Antonio
  • San Giacomo
  • San Giovanni
  • Borello
  • Bevino
  • San Lorenzo
  • insulated superiore

Communes bordering

Apricale, Bajardo, Ceriana, Ospedaletti, Perinaldo, Seborga, Taggia

Teaching

  • commercial public technical Institute and for the geometricians " Cristoforo Colombo"
  • public professional Institute for agriculture and the environment Domenico Aicardi
  • professional public Institute of the Industry and the craftsmen Guglielmo Marconi
  • College traditional public with scientific option Gian Domenico Cassini
  • College " sciences humaines" Carlo Amoretti

Transportation transport and routes

Roads and Highway S

Sanremo is located along the trunk road Aurelia. One can also arrive at Sanremo since toll very close to the highway A10.

Railway lines

Sanremo is equipped with a station on the railway line Vintimille - Genoa and is located in the local sector Vintimille - Savone.

Twinnings

Sport

Each year San Remo is the arrival of the cycle race Milan-San Remo.

The June 6th 2001, the 17ème stage of the Turn of Italy, the loop (departure and arrived at San Remo) of the " circuit of the fleurs" took place. It was gained by Pietro Caucchioli.

Sanremo also lodges the following sports associations:

  • U.S. Sanremese Calcio , also called Sanremese (plays in Série C2)

  • Polisportiva Matuziana Sanremo , team of Football ()
  • A.S. Foce , club of Athlétisme

See too

External bonds

  • Festival of Sanremo
  • * Cathedral of S. Siro

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