See also: Shock of civilizations

the Shock of civilizations is resulting from an article, The Clash off Civilizations? published at the summer 1993 by the review Foreign Affairs . It is inspired by a work of the French historian Fernand Braudel, Grammaire of civilizations , 1987.

The clash off civilizations made it possible Samuel Huntington to reach notoriety. This article then became a book. the event of September 11th precipitated its vision Géopolitique on the front of the scene, as well as the opinions of its detractors.

According to him, the international relations from now on will fall under a new context. Initially, the wars took place between the princes who wanted to extend to be able to them, then they had place between state-nations made up, and this to the First World War.

Then the Russian revolution of 1917 imposed an upheaval without precedent, in what it promoted an ideology.

Thus as of this moment, the causes of conflicts ceased being only geopolitical, related on the conquest and the capacity to become ideological. This vision of the international relations finds its point of result in the Cold war, in what it constitutes the confrontation of two models of companies.

However, the end of the cold war again marks a turning in the international relations.

Huntington says to us that it is necessary from now on to think the conflicts in either ideological but cultural terms.

Indeed, the public opinions and the leaders would be definitely more inclined to support or cooperate with a country, an organization near culturally.

The world would be found then soon confronted with a Shock of Civilizations, i.e. a competition more or less peaceful with more or less larval conflicts, such those of the Cold war, between blocks civilisationnels.

By deciphering the first steps of the Shock of Civilizations which he believes to recognize in local conflicts like those of Balkans of the years 1990, Samuel Huntington gives policies to avoid the major conflicts.

Thus it recommends to the dominant powers of each block a strict respect of the zones of influence. What means that the major powers avoid intervening outside their civilisationnelle zone.

Who are we? National identity and shock of the cultures

Under the English title of Who are We? The challenge to America' S national identity , was interested in the bases of the identity, and more particularly of the American identity, confronted with a new wave of immigration. This lampoon was perceived like the expression of the anxiety of WASP S in the context of the demographic expansion of the Hispanic , speaking Spanish and about Latin Culture, singularly différenciables of the Anglo-Saxon Monde.

See too

Bibliography of Huntington

• The Clash off Civilizations and the Remaking off World Order

• Who Are We: The Challenges to America' S National Identity
• Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics off Civilian-Military Relations
• The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
• American Politics: The Promised off Disharmony
• The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics
• No Easy Choice: Political Participation in Developing Countries

Internal bonds

• Geopolitical | Demography of the United States

External bonds

• Huntington or culture of the enemy by Rene-Eric Dagorn in the Review EspaceTemps.net (05.03.2003)
• Samuel Huntington file of the Republic of the Letters
• the slow suicide of the Occident by Jorge Majfud
• Shock or dialog of civilizations? the emergent force of the civil society, Rene LENOIR, editions Yves Michel 2004
• the “Shock of Civilizations” will have vêcu, Afidora.