Salta (province)

Salta is a province Argentine, located at the extreme North-West of the country. It is limited to north by the province of Jujuy and by the Bolivia, in the east by the Paraguay, Formosa and the province of Chaco, in the south by the provinces of Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Catamarca, finally in the west by the Chile.

General description

Its population was of 1.079.051 inhabitants (in 2001). Its capital Salta had 462.051 inhabitants the same year.

History

Period précolombienne

The archaeological discoveries made in province of Salta and in the close provinces carry to believe that the human being started to populate the area a few ten thousand years ago, thanks to successive migrations coming from north. Towards the XVe century, few before the arrival Spanish, the territory were inhabited by the Omaguaca S and the Diaguita S, whose principal partialities (or tribes) were the Pulars , the Guachipas , the Hualfins , the Amaichas , the Quilmes , the Yavis , the Churumatas , the Tomatas and the Tolombon S . As they had the same joint language, the kakán or kakan , one gathered them all under the name of Diaguita S or Calchaquí S, although Paziocas or Pacciocas named them-even.

See also: Diaguita

In the area of the Puna lived Lickan-antay of language Cunza, better known under the name of Atacamas, mainly those of the group Lipe-Chicha, culture very similar to that of Diaguitas-Paziocas. It was between XIIe and 15th centuries that the seigniory of Tastil developed founded by Atacamas.

See also: Atacama (ethnos group)

Towards 1470-80 all these ethnos groups and tribes or partialities were conquered and subjected by Quechua S of the Empire INCA come from the Peru, which installed their principal center of domination in the city of Sikuani (roughly current the Chicoana).

In the Chaco salteño, however, and still the Wichí S (called live lived pejoratively " Matacos" starting from the invasion quechua), the Soldering iron S, the Chorotí S, the Chiriguano S and the Tobas or Qom' lek, as of the groups of Vilela S. the Quechua S diffused the denomination of " cunco" (wild) and of " chavanco" for the whole of the ethnos groups of the area chaquéenne.

Spanish colonial time

First Spanish to be penetrated in the area was Diego de Almagro, in 1535. Followed soon Diego de Rojas, which passed by the south of the province. Hernando de Lerma, carrying out the orders of the viceroy of Peru Francisco de Toledo, establishes the first permanent locality which it called San Felipe de Lerma , in the valley of Salta, the April 16th 1582. According to the tradition, Lerma was made odious near the inhabitants, reason why following its death, one débaptisa the city that one called from now on Salta.

The area belonged to the Vice-royauté of Peru until in 1772, year when the Spanish crown created the Vice-royauté of Río of Plata. In 1782 was created the Intendencia de Salta del Tucumán , whose capital was the town of Salta.

In 1794 one founded the strategic city of San Ramón of Nueva Orán, direct link between the towns of Tarija and Salta.

In 1807 per Royal Order ( Real Orden ), the area of Tarija was incorporated in Intendencia de Salta del Tucumán.

Geographical areas

Five fundamental zones are distinguished:

  • In the west, the Western cordillera, which makes border with the Chile and which includes/understands very high summits among highest of the continent. The Llullaillaco is highest of them with its 6.739 Mr. Notons still at the Chilean border the volcano Socompa (6031 m), which dominates the collar Paso Socompa as well as the road and the railway which borrows it, the Aracar (6095 m), the Arizaro (5774 m) and the Volcan Azufre (5706 m).
  • A little more in the east, the area of Puna. It is characterized by its altitude raised for a plate (3500 m), its dry, arid and cold climate and its very weak population. There are saltworks and salar S (inter alia the salars of Arizaro and Pocitos). The principal city is San Antonio of los Cobres.
  • the Eastern Cordillera (with the mid-west). It presents two parts:
    • the Western cord: highest formed of various solid masses of which Nevado de Acay, Cachi and Chañi which dominates San Salvador de Jujuy with its 5.896 Mr.
    • the Eastern cord: less low and deprived of snow-covered summits. Within this area one find valleys and canyons or Quebradas, like the quebrada del Toro, the valleys Calchaquí be (close to Río Calchaquí) and that of Lerma, densément populated where the capital is built.
  • the Subandines Sierras (with center-is), present a wet and wooded landscape; the climate is subtropical there.
  • Enfin the plain of the Chaco in the east has a low and flat relief. This zone which one calls " Chaco salteño" , a subtropical climate at dry season has, its Biome is wooded, and the population density is low.

Principal cities

Administrative division

Economy

The economic activities of the province represent, together, roughly 1% of the GDP of the Argentine. The base of the economy rests on the industrial crops like the Tabac, the Canne with sugar, the Agrume S (grapefruits), the bean S, the vine and the Coton. To underline the excellence of some Argentinian wines in particular produced in the area of Cafayate. The breeding is represented by the herds of bovines, and a little cattle Cheval in, but in extremely reduced proportion.

The mines and the production of hydrocarbons have a great importance, soutout in the north of the province. In the area of Puna, there are rich person layers of various still unexploited minerals. In the cities, especially the provincial capital, the majority of the population concerns the service sector: trade, education, banks and activities financial, transport, health, etc One of the main issues of Salta is the " economy informelle" or moonlighting. In the rural areas, many inhabitants work in not recorded companies or farms. In the capital Salta one can see thousands of " salesmen ambulants".

The GDP per capita of the province rises to 5.304 US$ whereas the GDP per capita of Argentina east of 5.458 US$, which makes of Salta a poor province.

Tourism

The province of Salta has multiple and varied attractions, what to satisfy very different tastes. The inheritances naturalness, cultural and historical are very rich.

The town of Salta Linda (" The belle") is at the same time an important tourist destination and an excellent base to explore the area. The city has a series of attractions; among them let us quote its Spanish colonial houses and the cathedral, as well as the archaeological museum said Museo de Arqueología of Alta Montaña de Salta which has in particular three cold mummies of the empire INCA. They were discovered at the top of 6.700 meters of the volcano Llullaillaco.

Since Salta, one can accomplish a very interesting voyage through the Andes, thanks to the Tren has tired Nubes or Train of the clouds which belongs to the " General Railroad Manual Belgrano " and which spans cañons and ravines before arriving at the town of San Antonio of los Cobres, with 3.775 meters of altitude.

The valleys Calchaquí be and their superb red rocks, with the city of the wine, Cafayate constitute the second point of attraction of the province. Certain tourists are attracted by the visit of the mountains. Picturesque the small city of Cachi and the surrounding villages as Payogasta consequently constitute destinations of choice.

Through the province, one can practice many sports, like the Trekking and the Rafting, the Alpinisme and the Saut with the rubber band.

Lastly, there are three national parks in Salta: the National park El Rey in the yungas, the National park Baritú and the National park Los Cardones.

External bonds

  • detailed Chart of the province of Salta

Beats-smg: Saltas provincėjė Simple: Salta Province

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