Solomon Mikhailovich Flohr (November 21st 1908 - July 18th 1983) is a Czech player of failures , then Soviet. At the beginning of the XXe century, it belongs to the world elite and is dissociated at the time of several tournaments of very strong gauge. In the years 1930, he becomes a national hero in Czechoslovakia, and its name is useful in publicity of several products, in particular of the Cigarette S of luxury, of the Caleçon S and a Eau de Cologne.
Biography
Flohr is born with Horodenka, then in Austria-Hungary and maintaining in Ukraine. Jews, it and his brother become Orphelin S during the First World War following a Pogrom. They are forced to emigrate in the news Czechoslovakia.Flohr is established with Prague and acquires the reputation to be a good player of failures while playing of the parts with stake in various coffees of the city. In 1924, he confronts Richard Réti and Rudolf Spielmann at the time of parts which they give into simultaneous.
He gains the tournaments Kautsky Memorial of 1928 and 1929, held in Prague, and makes his beginnings with the international level at the time of the tournament Rogaška Slatina in Slovenia. He finishes second, behind Akiba Rubinstein. Flohr becomes journalist of failures at that time. It is one of the first to cover the tournament of Berlin held in 1928, where it also plays against money.
As player, it culminates in the years 1930, when it becomes one of best world and a challenger for the world title. In 1935, it would have reached a Classement Elo estimated: 2680 (according to). He is champion of Czechoslovakia in 1933 and 1936. At that time, he plays in various European tournaments, finishing regularly among the three first. In 1932, it shares the first place with Milan Vidmar with Sliač; with Moscow in 1935, it divides it with Mikhail Botvinnik; with Poděbrady in 1936, it obtains very the +10-1=6 good performance; and with Kemeri in 1937, it shares the first place with Vladimirs Petrovs and Samuel Reshevsky.
He also played in England, where he clearly dissociated himself at the time of the tournaments of Hastings to the beginning of the year 1930. He is first into 1931/32, 1932/33 and 1933/34, and finishes first ex æquo with max Euwe and George Alan Thomas into 1934/35. He also gained the Margate tournament of 1936, in front of Capablanca.
With the Olympiads of failures, he dissociated himself, obtaining impressing it 14 ½ /17 with the first chess-board at the time of his first participation in the Olympiade of failures of 1930 with Hamburg. In five Olympiads, it gained with in an individual capacity two gold medals, one of money and one of bronze, while leading its team to a second place in 1933 and a third place in 1931.
Moreover, Flohr obtained good successes in match and organized two matches against its principal rivals for the championship of the world. It cancels against max Euwe in 1932 (+3-3=10) (next champion, of 1935 to 1937) and also cancels against Mikhaïl Botvinnik in 1933 (+2-2=8). Florh beats Gösta Stoltz by 5 ½ - 2 ½ in 1931 and, one year later, beats accuracy Mir Sultan Khan, the British champion of 1932 and 1933 by 3 ½ - 2 ½.
In 1937, FIDE designates it as official challenger of the world champion, Alexandre Alekhine. However, the Second world war threat, and Flohr cannot pile up the money necessary to face it. After the invasion Nazi of her country in 1938, it is in danger, because Juif. He flees with his family initially in Sweden, then, with the assistance of Botvinnik, he goes to Moscow. In a foreseeable way, its play into sudden the by-effect, and it finishes last with the Tournoi AVRO of November 1938.
Flohr is naturalized Soviet in 1942 and continues a career of writer in this country, writing several articles for many magazines and of Soviet newspapers.
After the war, it is always one of the challengers for the world crown, and finishes 6th have interzonal Tournoi of 1948 held with Saltsjöbaden (Stockholm). It is thus qualified for the Tournoi of the candidates of 1950 with Budapest. However, it finishes last equal with 7 points in 18 parts.
Thereafter, he forsakes the competition, preferring to concentrate on journalism and becomes an organizer of competitions. In 1963, it is named international referee by the FIDE.
He dies in Moscow in July 1983.
Performances
Flohr is one of the best Czechoslovakian players of all times, and was literally invincible during the Olympiads of failures of the years 1930. Its cards of tournaments were remarkable, because it had higher skills tactical and had an excellent control of the ends of part, which enabled him to obtain several famous victories.It made many contributions to the theory of the openings: the Flohr alternative exists in six important openings, of which the Défense Caro-Kann and the Défense Grünfeld.
Unfortunately, the Second world war practically destroyed all its chances to become world champion, and the Stress to become taken refuge for one second time of its life probably modified in an irreversible way its capacity to gain, often preferring to cancel by precaution.
On Flohr
- Gregory S. Donges, Salo Flohr' S Best Ranges off Chess , 1985, Thinker' S Near, Davenport, Iowa. ISBN 0-938650-34-3
- V.D. Baturinskij (Hg.), Grossmejster Flor. Fiskultura I sport , 1985, Moscow.
- Helmut Wieteck, Salo Flohr und das Schachleben in der Tschechoslowakei , 2005, Neu-Jung-Verlag, Hamburg. ISBN 3-933648-26-2
External bonds
- Statistical, ChessWorld.net
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