Salammbô is a Romance historical French of Gustave Flaubert (1821 - 1880), published in 1862, whose framework is the town of Carthage (in current Tunisia) revolts some at third century BC
Summary
At the time of the First Punic War, which opposed Rome and Carthage, the latter called upon mercenaries of various nationalities. Furious not to have received balances it agreed, the cruel soldiers revolt and besiege the city which enlisted them. Mâtho, one their chiefs, is in love with Salammbô, the girl of Hamilcar Barca, which it has interview at the time of a feast in the gardens of his father. His/her friend Spendius pushes it with going to steal the Zaïmph , the protective crowned veil of Carthage, in the temple of the lunar goddess Tanit, to which Salammbô dedicates a particular worship. While at the same time all seems lost, here is that Hamilcar turns over in Carthage. Very quickly, it takes the head of the army and passes to the attack, but after the first success, Numide Narr' Havas having joined revolted, it is beaten and encircled by the mercenaries. The military option having failed, the large priest of Tanit, Schahabarim, orders in Salammbô to go to recover the crowned veil. It thus goes in the camp of the mercenaries, is given to Mâtho and manages to conceal the talisman. Narr' Havas, to which Hamilcar promises the hand of his/her daughter, changes camp and this coalition of the Carthaginians and Numides will push back besieging them in a procession of the mountain of the Axe where they will die of hunger and thirst. Captured, Mâtho is delivered to the people and dies in the feet of Salammbô, which expires in its turn of despair, before its weddings with Narr' Havas.
Comment
Salammbô comes after Mrs Bovary . Flaubert begins of them the first draftings in September 1857. A few months earlier, after having gained the lawsuit which had been brought against Mrs Bovary , it had made share in its correspondence (letter with Miss Leroyer de Chantepie) of its desire extirpate contemporary world literarily, and work with a novel whose action is three centuries before Jesus-Christ. In April - June 1858, it remains with Tunis to impregnate framework of its history. If the intrigue is a fiction, it nourishes texts of Polybe, Appien, Pline, Xénophon, Plutarque, and Hippocrates to paint the ancient world and to build the local color . As of its publication in 1862, the novel is an immediate success, in spite of some criticisms reserved (Charles Augustin Holy-Beuve) but with appreciable encouragements (Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Hector Berlioz).
Through his language, Flaubert will make that cruelty emanates from the violence exerted towards the animals, through the lexicon of the pain, of the suffering, amplified by alliterations in “nailed one against the other”, and in the anthropomorphism of the “horrible grimace” or of the “legs” of the lion.
Adaptation as a cartoon
Philippe Druillet made a free adaptation of the novel in Cartoon, in which its character fetish Lone Sloane incarnates himself in Matho. This series which raises as much of the ancient history that Science-fiction, is initially appeared in Métal howling then in Pilote starting from 1980. The adventures were joined together by the editions Dargaud in three albums:- Salammbô
- Carthage
- Matho
Adaptation to the opera
The novel of Gustave Flaubert inspired two type-setters of the 19th century: French Ernest Reyer and Russian Modest Moussorgski.
The Salammbô of Reyer, on a booklet of Camille of Locle, was represented for the first time in 1890 with the Theater of the Currency of Brussels. The Salammbô of Moussorgski, begun in 1863 on a booklet from the type-setter himself, on the other hand will never be completed.
It also inspired a contemporary type-setter, Philippe Fénelon, which signs an opera in three acts and eight tables (booklet of Jean-Yves Masson) created in May 1998 with the Opéra Bastille of Paris.
With the cinema, the air of a fictitious opera also called Salammbô is sung by the wife of Kane in the film Citizen Kane of Orson Welles.
Film adaptation
- Salammbô (1925), French film of Pierre Marodon with Jeanne de Balzac, Rolla Norman, Victor Fortified
- Salammbô (1960), Italian-French coproduction carried out by Sergio Grieco
Adaptation in visual arts
The August 9th 1980, with the Museum of the fine arts of Canada, to celebrate the centenary of dead of the writer, the Québécois artist Rober Root read in public, only and without stop, the novel Salammbô of Gustave Flaubert for one 14 hours duration on a staircase built according to the clean data of the novel (many chapters = many steps, number of words, sentences, paragraphs…).
Related articles
External bonds
| Random links: | History of the United States of 1776 to 1865 | C2B | Orconectes australis | Dive with the Olympic Games of 1912 | Tournament Mansour Lahrizi |