Saint-Tropez (in Occitan Of Provence: Sant Tropetz according to the traditional standard or Sant Troupés according to the Norme mistralienne) is a common French, located in the department of the Var and the area Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure. Its inhabitants is the Tropéziens .

Caption

According to the legend, Saint-Tropez owes his name Torpès with a large officer of the court of Néron, Caïus Silvius Torpetius born with Pisa. Converted by holy Paul, it generates the anger of the emperor Néron who makes it decapitate the 4/29/68. The body is deposited in a boat in company of a cock and of a dog and the crew goes up Arno under the east wind and fails the 5/17/68 on the shore of future Saint-Tropez. The head of Torpetius is still preserved and venerated in Pisa.

History

Important dates

  • 599 av. J.C. : The Phocée NS invest Marseilles and the sites of damping of the coast.
  • 31 av. J.C. : The Bataille of Actium allows the installation of the Romans. They build villas cossues  ; that known as " of Platanes" in is the illustration. First denomination of the village east Héraclea-Caccaliera and the mouth of the gulf, Issambres, Sambrecinalus Sine.
  • Fine IXe century : The fall of the Roman Empire, the pirates, the corsairs puts the country at fire and blood. These exactions which lasted nearly 100 years in the collective memory, all are allotted to the Sarrasins which will cut off with the Guard-Freinet. It will remain of their passage the pink tiled roofs known as " sarrasines" country of Provence.
  • 976 : Guillaume Ier Count de Provence, lord of Grimaud, drives out the belligerents and it makes build into 980 a tower with the current site of the Suffren tower.
  • 1079 and 1218 : the pontifical Bulle S confirm the existence of a seigneurial field in Saint-Tropez.
  • From 1436 , the Count Rene 1st (good king Rene) tries to repopulate Provence, it creates Baronnie of Grimaud and called upon Génois Raphaël de Garezzio, gentleman, who approaches the peninsula with a fleet of caravels accompanied by an about sixty génoises families. N the other hand, Tropéziens will be frank, free, and free from any tax, this convention will perdurera until its abrogation in 1672 by Louis XIV. February 14th, 1470 the agreement made between Jean de Cossa, baron de Grimaud, large seneshal of Provence and Raphaël de Garezzio. In Saint-Tropez destroyed by the war of the end of the 14th century, Raphaël de Garezzio makes build enclosing walls including two broad turns are still upright: one with the end of the large mole and the other at the entry of the " Ponche". The square tower belonged to the unit. The city is small a République which has its fleet and its army, and is managed by two consuls and twelve advisers whom she elects. In 1558 the creation of the load of captain of city (Honorat Coste) reinforces the autonomy of the city. The captain elected every year, directs the captains of districts, a bomber, a militia and mercenaries. Tropéziens resist to the Turks, to the Spaniards, help Fréjus and Antibes, helps the archbishop of Bordeaux to take again the islands of Lérins.
  • 1577 : Genevieve de Castille, girl of the marquis, lord of Castellane wife Jean-Baptiste de Suffren, marquis de Saint-Cannet, baron of the Mole, adviser with the Parliament of Provence. The seigniory of Tropez Saint becomes the prerogative of the family of Suffren.
  • 1615 : Saint-Tropez accommodates during some time the forwarding of Tsunenaga Hasekura, which went to Rome but is obliged to stop because of the bad weather. This unforeseen visit constitutes the first recorded trace of Relations free-Japanese women.
  • June 15th, 1637 : Tropéziens come to end from 21 Spanish galères. This victory will give place to a bravado the 15/6 which glorifie victory of the inhabitants over the Spaniards.

Release

Its last defense of the citadel was that of the last war. The August 15th 1944, the allied fleet unloads on the close beaches and Saint-Tropez is the first town of released Provence.

After 1944 the port is in ruins, the vault of the Penitent white is mutilated, the bombardments raised the quay. During the rebuilding, Philippe Tallien, architect, notice workmen who prepare to destroy the shaking arch of the fish market. It does all to stop, share with Paris, alarm of the influential personalities which form a committee. Under the crook of the Dautryet minister, the village is saved of a large avenue of eight meters which was to cross it until the place of the Strings and to go up to the citadel.

Monuments

The citadel

Tropéziens constantly with the catches with the Pirate S, the Corsair S, Turkish asked by letter patent for the construction of the citadel. It was destroyed by the troops of the Duc of Own way whereas Tropéziens had remained faithful to the king.

In 1592, Valetta, governor of Provence proposes the fortification of the hill known as of the Mills and of the Village, construction starts but displeases in Tropéziens which deposit in 1594 a request near the king while being committed defending the city in compensation of the destruction of the citadel. Henri IV the 9/6/1596 accepts but the war of Spain had taken again the previous year and Epernon, governor of Provence, disgraced by Henri IV cut off themselves in the citadel with the rebels. The Duc of Own way undertakes the seat and will save the citadel. The seat of the citadel puts an end to resistance and in spite of new steps for its demolition, this one rises in 1607.

In 1652 the Citadel is again attacked by the regiment of Entraigues which takes the party of the Sling; Tropéziens resist bringing the capitulation. The end of the civil war brings back the calm one to Provence.

In 1742 five galères Spanish are run in the port by the British. The stripped citadel of guns cannot intervene. It becomes the general store for the supply of the armies Italy of the marshal of Bellisle and it is occupied in 1793 by Tropéziens during the federalistic revolt.

The port

In 1789, the port counted 80 ships, the traffic was intense and the port activities and agricultural were flourishing. Tropéziens were not ordinary people, at the same time marine and warlike. In 1860 the floret of the merchant marine named the Queen of the Angels a three-masted ship of 740 barrels. Before 1914 Saint-Tropez is the 17th commercial port of France, the Trois-mâts, the Italian brigs, come to supply itself.

The shipyards built tartanes and three-masted ships of 1000 to 1200 barrels which had to be tanned and all the population were called by the bells and the bearing of the drums for the setting with water. Cork, wine trade, of wood, the installation of important fish shops, a factory of stoppers of lièges, the factory of the underwater cables in Canebiers (the TSF puts an end to it), a school of Hydrographie (transferred). Old Saint-Tropez dies and it is recovered by the personalities and the " Vague" news;.

The factory of torpedes

In 1907, Schneider designs in Saint-Tropez the French center of the studies and tests of torpedes. The characteristics of the coast, the funds, the environment and the climate lend themselves to the tests " navigation" machines, practically unique in France. The first order of Torpedes for the Navy placed in 1914. It is pursuant to the law of the 8/11/1936 on the nationalization of the manufacture of the weaponries that the decrees of expropriation of Saint-Tropez were taken. The Navy takes possession of the factory of Torpedes on February 4th, 1937.

The bravado

There are two bravados: that from May 16th to 18th and that of June 15th (Spanish bravado) which corresponds to the victory over the Spanish galères.

May 16th the mayor gives in company of the mayor of Pisa the spade to the captain of city elected the Easter Monday for one year. Salvos of rifles are drawn by the sailors and from the blows of tromblons drawn by the musketeers. The priest (currently the Michel Father) blesses the weapons. Guard-Saint leaves the statue Saint-Tropez and take it along in procession to the sound of the Cloche S, fifres, tambourine S, Clairon S and drums in the powder cloud of the blows of tromblons of the bravadeurs laid out in circle. The following day, it is the mass of the musketeers, the bravadeurs have this time a knife over which is fixed a small blessed bouquet. Louis Marius Sanmartin Lou Cepoun (the Stock): its Isnard ancestor, born in Saint-Tropez in 1644, was him also carpenter. Marius creates the Association of the friends of the Bravado and succeeds in maintaining the traditions even during the German occupation.

History of the Bravado
Into year 68 after Jesus-Christ, the Torpes knight, native of Pisa, intendant of the emperor Néron, convert with Christianity. As he refused to disavow his new faith, Néron, furious, ordered to decapitate it. Its head, after being precipitated in the Arno, was collected by pious hands; she is today in Pisa. Its body, placed between a cock and a dog at the bottom of a wormeaten boat, was abandoned with the liking of the floods and failed on May 17th on the shores of Héracléa (old name of Saint-Tropez, this last derivative of Torpès).

During many years, the pirates foamed the Mediterranean coasts. It became necessary to have a war leader and, in 1558, the Council of the Community decided to indicate under the name of captain of city , the chief of the local militia charged to recruit and order the men necessary to the defense of the city. Since 1558, each Easter Monday, the municipal council proceeds to the election of a captain of city. During more than one century, the captains of city and their militia tropézienne ensured local defense and were opposed victoriously to the many attacks come as well from the interior as of outside. The capacities which were recognized to them in the town of Saint-Tropez were confirmed by letters patent of all the kings of France until Louis XIV. Under the mode of this one, the local militia made place with a royal garrison installed with the citadel.

But while ceasing making use of their weapons for the defense of their city, Tropéziens preserved them to honor their patron saint. The captain of city continued to put at the head Bravade , great employers' festival of May 17th, and the inhabitants were only more dedicated to take again this day the costume and the weapons which they had hitherto carried. Since, the town of Saint-Tropez sees each year his inhabitants of weapons covering their uniforms of soldiers and sailors and to make resound their tromblons and rifles in the honor of the saint, as at the time where they went to the combat or that where, in similar feastday, they protected from possible attacks the procession going to the vault of Saint-Tropez located out the walls.

This Bravado, resulting from freedoms from Saint-Tropez, communion of a whole population whose remote or recent history is only heroism and fidelity, remained intact until our days.

The museum of Annonciade

The vault of Annonciade is built between 1510 and 1558 by the brotherhood of the Penitent White. She is stripped at the 19th century: the high altar leaves to Holy-Maxime, the woodworks are used for the parish church, the money ornaments leave to Fréjus and in 1821, the bell-tower is cut down. In 1892, Paul Signac discovers Saint-Tropez and settles there involving Matisse, Bonnard, Marquet; others came spontaneously. Paul Signac is the founder of the Mediterranean school. In 1908 Andre Dunoyer de Segonzac is preserving museum. Georges Grammont rich industrial and enlightened collector obtain city the release of the vault of Annonciade and makes it arrange with its load. The museum is inaugurated in July 1955 and in August Georges Grammont makes gift with the museum of the major pieces of its collection. The museum of Annonciade testifies to the French School and is placed at the avant-garde of the innovating movements.

Historical characters

The Baillif de Suffren

Aix-en-Provence with the castle of Saint-Cannat 1726 - Paris 1788. Illustrate marine and Vice-amiral French. He continues the Barbaresques, becomes knight, commander and baillif in the Ordre of Malta; returned in the royal navy it is made prisoner by the British (battles of Lagos, 1757). It will go to Madras, Pondichéry, in the Indies, was knight about the King, Grand Cross of Midsummer's Day of Jerusalem. At 55 years, he is captain and he is indicated in 1781 to order in the capacity as chief of the squadron of the Eastern Indies, five vessels sent in reinforcement to the Indies. He is distinguished at the time of the war of independence of the the United States. The peace of Versailles signed, it is promoted vice-admiral and returns to Saint-Tropez. Its statue is run with bronzes of the guns taken with the enemy that Napoleon III offered to the city in 1866.

The Allard general

The general Allard was born the 3/8/1785 with 25 rue Gambetta, the house presents a beautiful stone frontage 19th century. It finishes the Napoleonean campaigns like Capitaine. Political adviser of the king of Lahore of which he marries the niece, généralissime armies of the Indies, he returned to Paris in 1836, receives all the honors of Louis-Philippe. He sets out again in Lahore and after 16 years spent to the Indies, he dies the 1/23/1839, his family lives in Saint-Tropez. His wife is not Christian and she asks the baptism whose king Louis-Philippe and the Amélie queen are the godfather and godmother. She lived until in 1884 with " Bastide".

Fashion

The dynasty of Vachon creations: Claire Vachon settles in Saint-Tropez in 1919. His/her Manine daughter with the creative spirit and creates a Mediterranean fashion which fills with enthusiasm the New wave. With beginning of the year 50 the general public discovers the fashion and the 16 year old mannequin, Brigitte Bardot. The fashion simple, is relaxed, the prohibited tie. A pharmacist with the retirement has in his possession 40.000 planks of wood studded for the impressions of Provence with the mallet, of which some dated from the 16th century that it exploits with Manine Vachon. Paul Poiret took as a starting point the tonality of the scarves. In 1963 after 40 years of creation, Manine is withdrawn. All that Brigitte Bardot carried was reproduced. Each year there were a new color with the mode, and a style like the year gipsy, the year anchors of navy, hippie…

After Mrs. Vachon, followed one another many other houses of creations like " Choses" of Albert and Vicky Rémy, who settled in the Sixties beside Cosi Sénéquier. The house will be sold in 1978.

The fashion today is standardized. The famous brands have their windows in the city corsair and it is not any more egery to leave this formatting.

Climate

The light is particular in Saint-Tropez according to certain painters and photographers. The winds which officiate in the peninsula between Issambres and the Cape Camarat are numerous: mistral in the North-West, east wind (raising it), West in west, the labe in south-west, white lead in south-east, tramontana in north, sirocco in south, the frégali in the North-East.

Personalities

Of all the mediums, painters, arts persons, policies, artists, French or foreigners, all those which were identified with the " Vague" news; , temporarily came to live in Saint-Tropez and in his surroundings. Some of them: Johnny Hallyday with the Lorada (Ramatuelle), Jean Paul Sartre, Boris Vian, Francoise Sagan, Colette lived " The Muscate" treillised vineyard; , Brigitte Bardot with " the Madrague " , Paul Vialar with " Ponche" , Paul Poiret with the " Treizaine" villa; , as well as the painter Emile Gaud. One finds much from abroad there especially Russians, Americans, such as for example the billionaire Robert Rosner, who with a property in the " Parks of Tropez" Saint;. All the band of the " Gendarme of St Tropez" to start with Louis de Funes, Michel Galabru, Jean Lefevre and Genevieve Grad…

Places and Monuments

  • the beach of Ponche (of of Provence the pouncho : point) was before the old port of the fishermen. The commercial port at the 17th century and 18th century century, craft industry related to fishing, and the fuelling of the boats.
  • the door of Revelen was the single entry of the village controlled by the Body of Guard
  • the citadel: foot of the ramparts, the citadel offers a beautiful panorama on the city, the gulf and the solid mass of the Moors.
  • the church of the 18th century of style Italian baroque, shelters, a bust of Saint-Tropez surrounded by old tromblons of the bravado.
  • Notre Dame of the Assumption: the frontage is astonishing by the statue of Saint-Tropez as a Roman centurion.
  • the Guillaume tower or turn Suffren
  • the tower of Portalet or Daumas turn: 15th century
  • the Jarlier tower in the beginning was called " surface of the commun" : the quay level being next to the Jarlier tower was used to beat corn or other country activities. The tower is in the shape of prow of ship
  • the street of the New Gate and the 3 brackets of the vault of the Mercy: the dome is in glazed tiles and it door is decorated of serpentine, green marble sinks, typical ornament of the country
  • the street Gambetta bored at the 18th century during the golden age of Saint-Tropez, the big families of navigators and of merchants were made there build private mansions
  • Chapelle Holy-Anne: built at the beginning of in thanksgiving, after an epidemic of plague which saved the city. The day of the release by the allies and the resistant ones of the brigade of the Moors, on August 15th is celebrated each year after a torchlight procession.
  • the Hôtel Byblos builds at the beginning of the Années 1960 by hotel the Lebanon board Jean Prosper Gay-Para.
  • the port, its headlight and its famous Coffee Sénéquier.
  • the place of the Strings with the coffee, historical establishment, testimony of the softness of living on the coast.

Beaches

With foot of Saint-Tropez to the beach of Tahiti this walk takes approximately three hours thirty out of twelve kilometers and half while passing by bay of Canoubiers. The gulf of Pampelonne offers more than ten kilometers of coasts until the Cape Camarat.

Specialities

  • the Tart tropézienne: created by Alexandre Micka the receipt is always secret, but she is very imitated.
  • the house of the butterflies: on the initiative of the painter Dany Lartigue, the son of the famous photographer Jacques Henri Lartigue, a collection of almost 20.000 butterflies is presented in tables recreating the environment of the butterflies

Blasonnement

Malta-Brown, in illustrated France , volume V (1884), brings back two blasonnements:

Rhombus of money and mouths.

Of azure, with a Tropez saint of gold, holding with the dextral hand a sword of money, the point in bottom, with this legend: SAINT-TROPEZ .

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