See also: Saint-Malo (homonymy)

Saint-Malo is a common of Metropolitan France, located in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine (area Brittany).

Seaside resort known for its closed city and his report/ratio with the sea, the city attracts many tourists, in particular the summer when she sees her population multiplied by 4 to reach more than 200.000 inhabitants. Fruit of a maritime rich person history, it remains a important port (pleasure, trade and travellers) and an economic center.

Geography

Saint-Malo is a seaport located on the Manche, with the mouth of the estuary of the Rance. This arm of the sea which is transformed into river is delimited by the tidal power plant of the stopping of Rancid the side sea and by the town of Dinan side ground (to 18 km from there).

The access to the wearing of Saint-Malo is protected by many reefs and breaking immersed to high tide, by Tombolo S submarines (visible with the sharp water low tides), by islands or small islands of which much was strengthened with 18th and 18th centuries (Cézembre, Fort Harbor, the fort of Conchée, the Grand Bey and the Petit Bey, Islet of the Fort National).

The city intramurally (historical Saint-Malo) was surrounded by ramparts built and rebuilt 12th at the 19th centuries, with which the architects Vauban and Siméon de Garangeau associated the insular fortifications. A specificity of the ramparts of Saint-Malo east which they are posed on the rock which supports the intramural city and hold only by the weight of the piled up stones.

Saint-Malo controls the Close-Chicken (name resulting says one " Louse-Alet" , of Latin Pagus Aleti , " country of Alet" , but it is more probable than the name is resulting from Plou/Ploua-Alet: " parish of Alet" into Breton) which is delimited by the Rance, the Manche and depression of Châteauneuf. The city deals with Dinard. Cancale concludes in the east the coast from Close-Chicken, composing part of Emerald the Côte .

Today, the commune includes also the old communes of Saint-Servan and Paramé with which it amalgamated in 1967.

Tides in Saint-Malo

The Marée S of bay of Saint-Malo are among most important in Europe. They are caused by the concentration of water in the middle of an enormous triangular bay between Brittany and Cotentin.

To the maximum, the Marnage (amplitude between low tide and high tide) can reach 14 meters there, that is to say more of the double of ordinary marling in Atlantique.

For this reason the stopping of the tidal power plant was built precisely on the Rancid one (the other option being the bay of the Mont Saint-Michel) at the beginning of the Années 1960.

History

See also: History of Saint-Malo

The history of Saint-Malo goes back to antiquity, where this area corresponds to the old maritime center of the Gallic people of the Coriosolites, installed with the Cité of Aleth (current Saint-Servan). Under the influence of the Romans, the town of Corseul, in the grounds, develops at the expense of the Cité of Aleth. Aleth remains an important port and at the end of the 3rd century the Romans choose to strengthen it. At that time, vis-a-vis Aleth, the island of future Saint-Malo is still uninhabited.

During the withdrawal of the Roman army towards 420, Alet undergoes many attacks come from North. It is then that Saint Maclou, coming from the area of current the Wales, is installed on the rock which will take the name of rock of St Malo into 541.

Alet continues to develop until the end of the first millenium when, after several attacks of Norman, the city is durably weakened. In the middle of 12th century, the diocese of Alet is moved on the rock of Saint-Malo, but it is not known if the arrival of the bishop precedes or follows the first urbanization of Saint-Malo. This event marks nevertheless the end of the size of Alet. From now on, the strategic position of the port is the object of conflicts between the Brittany independent and the kingdom of France. In 1490, the city profits to proclaim its independence and becomes a city-state about it during 4 years. After a short passage to the hands of king de France at the beginning of XVème century, Saint-Malo is definitively annexed Brittany in France in 1493.

It is with the discovery of Americas and the development of the commercial exchanges with the Indies that Saint-Malo takes its economic take-off and enhardit considerably. The Armateur S become more numerous and of the characters of this time make the fame of the city. Jacques Cartier discovers and explores the Canada, the Corsaire S badger the merchant and military navy enemy, such Duguay-Trouin, then a little later Surcouf. Others are illustrated in sciences, such Maupertuis, or in the letters and the policy like Chateaubriand. Modification of the lifestyle, the ship-owners are made build beautiful particular residences called Malouinière S.

The rise of Saint-Malo stumbles with the French revolution which does not save it. Saint-Malo then continues to develop fishing, in particular Great Fishing towards Newfoundland. With the end of 19th and the 20th century, Saint-Malo develops its tourism, in particular thanks to its beaches. At the time of the Second world war, Saint-Malo is particularly touched, the city is devastated to 80% by fires in 1944. Almost entirely rebuilt with identical after the war, Saint-Malo is today an important estival tourist center, also commercial port, fishing and of pleasure.

Demography

(1) fusion of the 3 cities: Saint Malo, Holy Servan and Paramé

Administration

See also: Administration of Saint-Malo

The administration of Saint-Malo is directed since 1989 by Rene Couanau.

The stagnation of the number of its inhabitants after the war led Saint-Malo to amalgamate in 1967 with two communes bordering, Paramé and Saint-Servan-on-Sea, in spite of the old competition between Saint-Servan and Saint-Malo. The name of Saint-Malo was applied to the unit.

The city is the chief town of two cantons:

  • the canton of Saint-Malo-North made of part of Saint-Malo (29  137 inhabitants);
  • the canton of Saint-Malo-South (formerly canton of Saint-Servan-on-Sea) formed of part of Saint-Malo and communes of Gouesnière and Saint-Jouan-of-Guérets the (25  090 inhabitants).

Saint-Malo is twinned with Port-Louis, capital of the Mauritius, in 1999.

Life in Saint-Malo

Economy

  • Saint-Malo is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of the Country of Saint-Malo. It manages commercial, fishing and the pleasure port of Malo Saint as well as the fishing port of Cancale, the hold of the Nozzle of the Valley and the Aéroport of Dinard Pleurtuit Saint-Malo. It manages also the Duguay-Trouin space which makes it possible to organize living rooms.

  • It is also the first (historically) fishing port of the spider crabs.

The commercial port

See also: Wearing of Saint-Malo

Saint-Malo is an active commercial port, it is classified of national interest. In 2000, it was located at the 16th rank, equality at the time with Brest.

It is also the shouted ninth regional and a marina.

Located well on a regional level, it misses nevertheless some assets, its situation in downtown area limits it in the dangerous matter reception and the strong tourist traffic disturbs the approach of its installations. Its access is also made difficult by the amplitude of the tides.

The port ferry (final of Naye) receives the ships Brittany Ferries, Condor Ferries and hd ferries.

Health

The city gathers more than one about sixty general doctors, more than one hundred of Médecin S specialized, about thirty Pharmacie S. It has its Hôpital, a private clinic, allied of nine old people's homes (public and deprived confused) and four medical analysis laboratories.

Worships

  • catholic Worship : the Vault Saint Anne, the Church of Ideuc Saint, the Vault Saint Louis, Holy Jean the Evangelist, the Saint-Vincent Cathedral, the Church of Paramé, the Church Holy Cross, the Notre Dame Church of the Strikes, and the Church Saint François Xavier;
  • Worship protesting: the Reformed Church of the Emerald Coast.

The common one has two cemeteries: the cemetery of the Vine in the chapter and the cemetery of Rosais.

Teaching

See also: Teaching in Saint-Malo

Teaching in Saint-Malo is representative of the regional economic activity, in particular laying the stress on the trades in relation to the Mer, the Tourisme and the Agriculture. Thus, one can quote in the field of the sea the school of the Merchant navy, a maritime vocational school proposing of the formations of Merchant navy and Aquaculture as well as the college Rimains preparing with the contests of the merchant navy. Tourism is him represented by an hotel college in the city close to Dinard. Trainings in agriculture are they exempted with the college the Orchards with Fraud-of-Brittany.

Among the lesson less particular to the regional activity, one finds a training of male nurses with the IFSI (Training institute in care male nurses), a IUT diplomant in particular in the fields of the télécoms and the business management as well as a school of ingénieurie in data processing, SupInfo Saint-Malo since 2005.

General secondary education is exempted by three principal colleges, two public, the Lycée Jacques Cartier and the Maupertuis college as well as the catholic private college the Institution - Providence.

Events, sports and culture

Events

Among the great appointments of the town of Saint-Malo, one will quote initially the nautical races, like the departure of the Road of Rum, transatlantic race of sailing ships as a recluse, taking place every four years, as well as the Transat Quebec-Saint-Malo as a crew, or of the occasional events like the departure of the Travel of the Sailing ships (in the past the Cutty Sark) in 2006 or smaller the such Raid of the Corsairs in bay of Saint-Malo. In the field, one will also note a living room of the water sport of occasion, Saint-Malo with the Top.

At the musical level, Saint-Malo presents each year the festival of the Road of the Rock'n'roll (be & winter), in partnership with the Holy Father.

Among the important cultural events, one will not forget autumnal the Quai of the Bubbles, a festival of the Cartoon and projected image, as well as the literary festival of the Étonnants travellers. Other events animate also the city, the such European Festival of the French-speaking theater high-school pupil.

The festival Folklores of the world (in summer), reserved before with the Breton culture, widened today by accommodating each year of many groups come from the 5 continents. The city is at the time of this event represented by the group inhabitant of Saint Malo Quic-in-Groigne, together Breton famous, composed of a Bagad of Maout category and of a Celtic Cercle, champion of Brittany 2004,2005 and 2006 of the federation of Breton dance War' L them.

Theaters

More the big room is the Slow train, an original structure made up of a theater of 960 places who presents all the year in many concerts (rock'n'roll, electro, reaggae, Breton music, jazz,…) as well as rooms of repetitions and recordings.

Two theaters (in Saint-Malo and Saint-Servan) accommodate spectacles for adults or children each month with programmings varied and directed towards all the public ones.

Local mediums

Sporting clubs

  • USSM (Sporting union Malo Saint).
  • ASJA (Sports association Jeanne d' Arc): 17, Boulevard Gouazon 35400 Saint Malo.
  • CJF (Circle Jules Ferry)
  • Surfing School, the main association of veil of Saint-Malo

Symbols, re-elected and tourism of the city

Tourist monuments and places

Saint-Malo was until in 2005 town of art and history.

  • ramparts of the closed city (muros will intra it);

  • the Saint-Vincent cathedral of Saint-Malo, dedicated to holy Vincent of Saragossa;
  • the castle, built by the dukes of Brittany (Jean IV, Jean V, François II and the Duchess Anne, then improved by Siméon Garangeau, disciple of Vauban);
  • the Turn Solidor, dedicated to the voyages to the long course;
  • the Strong National, accessible to low tide;
  • the extremely of the Small Be, accessible to low tide;
  • falls it from Chateaubriand on the island of the Large Be, accessible to low tide;
  • balneal villas of Paramé;
  • the old cathedral of Alet (in ruins), in Saint-Servan;
  • Gallo-Roman walls of Alet, in Saint-Servan;
  • the German base of the City, in Saint-Servan;
  • the Fort of the City and its old body of guard, remains of Louis Duchesne, in Saint-Servan;
  • carved Rocks, in Rothéneuf;
  • the Manor of Jacques Cartier, close to Rothéneuf;
  • the Hotel of Asfeld, last hotel of ship-owner (Magon) preserved after the war, intramurally;
  • statues of Jacques Cartier, Duguay-Trouin, Surcouf, Chateaubriant, Louis Duchesne… scattered in the closed city;
  • the Large Aquarium, with its shark ring, located at exit of city towards Rennes;
  • the Museum of History;

Famous characters

See also : Category: Personality inhabitant of Saint Malo

Names and Currencies

  • Saint-Malo says Saent-Malo in Gallo and Sant-Maloù in Breton.

  • with the Middle Ages: “ Cellar canem ” (“Take guard with the dog”, in Latin), in reference to the Chiens of the guet, the released mastiffs the night in the city and on the strike.

  • “ Semper Fidelis ” (“Always Faithful (S)”); a fidelity symbolized on its armorial bearings by the presence of the Hermine, which one also finds on the Breton flag in his stylized form, which can indicate the fidelity of the city or its inhabitants.

  • local currency worship: “Neither French, nor Breton, Malouin, Malouin I am remain. ” (fuzzy origin, perhaps in reference to the “republic” inhabitant of Saint Malo of 1590 to 1594); “Inhabitant of Saint Malo I am, Breton can be, French if it remains about it” (in its current version).

Saint-Malo has as codes:

  • SM, according to the List of the maritime districts

Heraldic

Blazon of the town of Saint-Malo redrawn in 1949 by Robert Louis:
of mouths to the gold harrow, summoned of a hermine to the naturalness, lampassée of sand, colletée and also buckled gold, cravatée of a scarf of hermine fluttering on its back.

The hermine, symbol of the ramparts, go on the harrow, symbol of the city. With the XVIIe century, the blazon of Saint-Malo has for principal reason a mastiff (of mouths to a money mastiff), referring to the famous " dogs of the guet" , that one released the evening on the strike, to preserve the city of plunderings of ships and this until in 1777.

To deepen

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