Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne

Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne ( Feels tired Disí Reinas in Occitan) is a common French, located in the department of the Creuse and the area the Limousin.

Geography

The Commune of Saint Dizier Leyrenne (882 inhabitants) is located on the western edge of the department of Hollow and the Massif Central. Of an altitude varying from 618 m to 378 m, it is a slow tumble bocagée of ten kilometers, directed Northern West and notched by the glaciated valley of the Leyrenne river. It is surrounded by hills exceeding the 500 m and broadside in the south by the throats of Thaurion, drowned by the reserve of the stopping of the Rock-Thalamie. The greenery, water, an exceptional quality of the air, calm almost the too perfect one ensure rest and relaxation. A multitude of ways proposes routes varied in full nature, leads to splendid points of view and makes discover the rural intimacy. The many brooks, the Leyrenne river, the water level and the reserve of the Thalamie Rock offer all the possibilities to the fishermen.

History

the PREHISTORIC TIME

Dice the most moved back times, it seems that men lived on our ground. Our distances ancestors had to fight to survive against a stronger nature and enemies. They could, thanks to their intelligence and their ingeniousness to tip the scales in their favor. For that, they learned how to manufacture weapons and stone tools: lances, axes, points of flint for their arrows; it is the period which one names commonly the Stone Age. Such instruments were found on the territory of our commune, of which a long flint axe of 14 cms. Later, they could tame the animals and became pastors. Gradually, they were then sédentarisés, being established near the ponds or of the rivers, building villages summary or alive in natural excavations. Invaders come from the East brought with them of the weapons, of the iron or bronze ustensils. Thus, a bronze axe was discovered in 1873 in the brook of Grandieux. It is with right edges and heel, without ailerons and side rings.

The Gallic tribes which lived our area belonged to the powerful confederation of Lémovices, made of various tribes. Jouilleton in its history of the Walk distinguishes seven from them of which that of the inhabitants of the Mount To play (Holy Goussaud). At the time of the Roman conquest, Gallic Walk took an active part in resistance, as from January 52. In its account of the battle of Alésia, César reports that Lémovices under the control of the Gallic chief Sédilus sent 10.000 men, Proetorium (Arrênes-Saint Goussaud) sending for its part an important quota.

The Celts lived huts with half hidden in the ground. One can sometimes determine their site when their base was dug in the rock. Gallic coins were discovered, in particular in Saint Goussaud.

In the event of danger, the populations took refuge in called strengthened enclosures oppidum. Apart from the periods of disorders, they were used in general as markets with the presence of some craftsmen.

They also dug undergrounds called " undergrounds-refuges". They generally included/understood one or more galleries with side niches leading to one or more rooms provided with benches and flues ventilating. There was one announced by A. Leclerc, with Valette. It extends under a monticule which crown a coppice. Before 1871, people could traverse some galleries stopped by falls.

It is very difficult to date these undergrounds exactly, because they were often used for all the disturbed periods.

The Celts often buried their deaths in artificial hillocks of round or ovoid form called tumulus. They adored many gods. Beside their large wild gods and by little loved there, they had a crowd of local divinities also called the goddess-mothers: Tutelae defended the cities, Suleviae were the spirits of the air, Matres took care on the children… This worship perduré a long time in our campaigns, these divinities becoming Mâtres, the Ladies, the Insipid ones (in French Fairies) which made dream or frightened generations of children.

THE ROMAN PERIOD

After the defeat of Vercingétorix, our region had to be submitted to the winner and was occupied by the Roman soldiers. In 49 before J.C., two legions came to take their winter quarters in the country.

For all this period which is spread out over nearly four centuries, the bottom of the population was not basically changed. Social division continued with the prevalence of the land great landowners as well as a certain autonomy at the administrative level. The Gallic big cities, Proetorium, Breth (Bridiers) grow and change, but the country remains primarily rural. The great landowners form an aristocracy which romanize. They make build villas with the accesses of the roads, into the most moved back places. However, the mass of the population withdraws Roman domination only surface elements. In their worships, they associate or confuse the gods of Rome and the hurdy-gurdies divinities Celtic (god with the mallet of Goussaud Saint). They will remain faithful until the 4th century to the incineration of deaths.

Suzanne DUCHER and Dominique CASANOVA in their monograph of Saint-Gall describe us the funerary burial (ossarium) and rites: " A ossarium appears as a whole of two hollowed out stones, posed one on the other, which can be better compared only with the shape of an egg on its egg cup. The total height of the unit is of approximately 1,50 m, and the circumference at the point more reinflated of 1,75 Mr.

Concerning the rites, the first act is that of the incineration: the body is burned on one to rough-hew where personal objects of late, broken before, are thrown. In the vicinity, a pit is dug, in which is place the funerary trunk. The calcined ashes, bones, and sometimes a coin are deposited in the funeral urn, itself locked up in the trunk. Around this one, in the pit, one gathers among the carbonaceous ground of the hearth the objects familiar of death, the tools used to build to rough-hew it, the crockery of the funeral meal, broken intentionally. Often, of the intact offerings are deposited above the trunk and the abundance of ashes and the shards would seem to prove the social status of the late one. In certain cases, a hillock is built, letting appear the top of the trunk offered to the sight of the passers by.

There exist necropoles deprived near the villas and of the necropoles public to the crossroads (burials from abroad to the area). The trunks, cut more or less coarsely, are generally ovoid. The ballot boxes are buries, out of glass and more rarely out of metal, their form variable St because of their domestic origin. In fact funds of pottery are used to close them.

At the end of the third century, the incineration is replaced by the burial which, for this date, is intended only to the children. The burial is done in sarcophagi of stone, lead or between terra cotta flagstones, tiles with edge or with very the ground according to the richness of the défunt."

Our commune is rich in vestiges of this time:

In Chaumette, a funeral granite urn contained with ash a gold bracelet. In Cornat, a post, and in the village vestiges of walls, flagstones, tégulae and bricks. Has Font Leon, a funerary trunk contained a ballot box. Around, a coarse an iron axe and dagger were found. Currencies were discovered beside Mazeire. With the Apple tree, discovered towards 1840 of a burial with incineration, a funerary trunk who contained a ballot box out of glass. Close to the trunk, a dagger miniaturized out of copper engraved as well as a coin was. In Rapissat, about 1860, a funeral granite urn contained a ground noirâtre pottery decorated several zones of points obtained with the point. In Peuyauds, a funerary granite trunk contained a ballot box out of glass and a female statuette. At City, traces of occupation and two trunks funerary.

To move more easily and to preserve Roman peace, the Romans had arranged paved roads of large stones punts. These ways known as ways of César, shoed ways or ways Cesareans connected the cities the ones to the others. They were marked out by military terminals.

Our commune located close to Proetorium, true road junction of the time, is crossed by several roads. The ancient way which connected Ahun to the Mount To play master key by Chaumette and close to Cornat. That connecting Poitiers to Clermont-Ferrand passes to the borough, close to Apple tree and Rapissat.

At that time, the soldiers were unaware of the life of barracks, and camped on the heights. From where these Roman, known camps under the name of Camps of César. A. Leclerc describes us precisely what it could discover on our commune: " I visited on April 30th, 1868, a great number of excavations located in this commune and known under the name of Camp of César. First is with little distance from the village of Villate; it is approximately 100 meters long on 30 broad. It is on a height and the grounds coming from spoil were transported at its septentrional end which is lower, so as to level the tops which surround it. This excavation is perfectly rectangular, and it is divided, as by a wall, with approximately 30 meters of its septentrional end.

With some distance to North East, one finds three or four excavations of circular form, which seem to me to have of another origin only the work carried out for the research of the ore. There are of it many of other similar, and in particular in the commune of Ceyroux.

More in North, in a rather thick wood, one meets three other excavations, reproducing exactly all the characteristics announced in the first. They are rectangular, being approximately 100 meters long and have a partition wall to the third their length. The grounds left their depth raise the rampart which surrounds them with a great height. All carries me to believe that they are Roman camps as the name indicates it under which the inhabitants of the country indicate them.

One knows that the use to establish garrisons in the cities did not exist before Constantin. The soldiers remained in camps called according to the seasons, oestive or hibernated castrated. These excavations would be camps of winter. Drawn up tents from one edge to another, by means of cords, easily sheltered this relatively hot and salubrious stay, since it was under ground, and on the top of monticules which did not contain water. The part separated by a wall was occupied by the chiefs, while the soldiers were placed in the largest part, which includes/understands more of two thirds of the site total."

Rome is not satisfied to work the social life gently. At the political level, Auguste incorporates the province in Aquitaine with Poitiers like metropolis. Later, to the 3rd century, Dioclétien will attach it to Aquitaine First with Bourges for capital.

This peaceful life was suddenly destroyed by the successive cruel invasions Vandals, Alains and Suéves which ruined all our cities, Proetorium was plundered and burned.

In 472, the Visigoths, under the control of their king Euric, established in the name of the Roman Emperor in the South of the Garonne conquered the Walk which thus belonged to the kingdom Visigoths of Aquitaine. It is at that time that several forts were built of which that of Peyrusse.

TIME FRANQUE

After the battle of Vouillé, in 507, where Clovis, king of the Francs beats Alaric, king of the Visigoths, Walk with Aquitaine passes under the domination of the Francs. Starting from the death of Clovis, the habit of the division between wire after the death of the King, cruel manners of Mérovingiens, caused anarchy. Our region unceasingly ballottée between the various currents knew only a few rare periods of calm. In 562, it was under the domination of the queen of Austrasie Brunehaut. This one which wanted to connect Aquitaine to its Metz capital made repair the roads of the Province and build new junctions. There exists in Thauron one of these Roman way which it restored and which bears the significant name of roadway of Brunehaut.

Mérovingiens left our bloodless country. The cities were ruined and partially abandoned. In the campaigns, the majority of the cultivated fields fell down in waste lands.

The war that the dukes of Aquitaine against the Carolingian kings supported was a new plague for our area. In 731, Charles-Martel devastated it.

After the battle of Poitiers (in 732), Arabic so called Sarrazins or Moors threw themselves on our province, massacring the inhabitants, destroying the cities and the monasteries. Proetorium was again destroyed like Bénévent and Pontarion.

The political consequences of this war were important. The Franc kingdom was reconstituted for a time. The danger passed, the dukes of Aquitaine refused to lend the oath of allegiance to the King.

In 761, Pépin the Brief came to fight the troops of the duke Waifre, seizing the strong castle of Peyrusse. The assassination of the duke brought back peace. Under the last Carolingians, the Limousin passed by again with hands in hands. It was again anarchy and the invasion. Pip II called for the aid the Norman ones. Going up the valley of Vienna, these frightening pagan avid of adventures and plunderings, come to sow death and the ruin with three recoveries at least during the 9th century.

The peasants whom the King was impotent to protect, requested protection from the lords auprès of which they could find asylum in the event of danger, with the shelter of the castle-forts that they had built for their own security. Thus was born Feudality.

the FEUDAL TIME

The latter left on our country a strong print. Castles set up a little everywhere and of new habits are established, governing the codes of conduct between people. the lords are not equal between them. By the nomination, the more powerful suzerain allots to vassal ground called " fief". This last must lend to its suzerain the homage and the oath of fidelity.

At the XI and 12th century, our country is parcelled out in great feudal fields: the Viscount of Aubusson, that of Bridiers around Underground, the seigniory of Chambon or baronnie of Combrailles, and the county of Walk.

To Louis IX (Saint-Louis), feudality marchoise, jealous of its independence, often fought against the royalty. Hugues X of Lusignan, count of Walk revolted against Saint-Louis, being combined with the king of England. Hugues was overcome in Taillebourg in 1242 and Saint-Louis invades Walk. During the dismemberment of this province, Guy de Lusignan lives himself to allot a part including/understanding Peyrat and Nedde, Bourganeuf, Pontarion and Royère. The new owner of these strongholds and its successors took the name of baron de Peyrat and as such carried their homages to Alphonse, count de Poitiers, so that their possessions formed an enclave poitevine, according to the feudal right. According to Leroux in its Historical Geography of the Limousin, this seigniory of PeyratBourganeuf was annexed to the County of Poitou about 1260, whereas the Viscount of Aubusson were joined together in the County of Walk in this same year.

Thus the parish of Saint-Dizier became poitevine.

Big families shared the area and were a long time fights about it against puovoir it royal. They often did not hesitate with guerroyer the ones against the others, trying to ruin the property of their enemy, carrying out the plundering of the villages methodically, setting fire to harvests and the forests, massacring the plowmen. The barons de Peyrat dominated Bourganeuf and Brachet lords of Châtelus controlled in Peyrusse the passages of Thaurion and extended their authority on Saint-Dizier. The baron de Peyrusse was famous for his acts of armed robbery, plundering and holding to ransom the neighborhood cities.

Géraud de Peyrusse was imprisoned in Salagnac (Large-Borough). At the time of her death, its family makes important gifts with the abbey of Bénévent: “After death

The small people suffered from these ceaseless quarrels. The peasants called serfs, unpleasant or churls were unhappy. With the help of a thin share, they cultivated the grounds of the lord and were compelled with a crowd of royalties silver or in kind. They also had of the drudgeries or " services of corps" , of arban or vinade. The arban consisted of one day's work per week and the vinade of the days of cartage to go to the autumn to seek with the vineyard the wine of the lord.

To decrease the evils caused by these private wars, the Church imagined the Truce of Dieur to return the lords less cruel, and more devoted to the cause of the crusades, it instituted the Knighthood which the King hastened to support, finding in this institution an additional means to sit its authority and the fidelity of its vassal.

Our province provided many knights, Templiers and the Hospital ones of Jean Saint called later, knights of Malta.

Often allotted to the order of the Temple, the creation of Bourganeuf at the 12th century, must without question being recognized like the work of Hospital of Jean Saint.

Initially a " Maison" is built, intended to lodge the pilgrims and travellers, on the antique road which connected Is and the West of old Gaulle, in accordance with the first goals of the Order, created at ends hospital, ensuring moreover a kind of state highway patrol, protecting in these disturbed times pilgrims and merchants. Peasants then tradesmen grouped around this " Maison" thus creating a new borough: " Burgum Novum" , " Bourguet-Neuf" , " Burguettenou" according to the terms appearing in the contracts of the time.

The new city grows little by little, reaching its apogee with the XIV° and XV° centuries. The arrival with the head about representatives of the big families of the area and the importance of Bourganeuf were worth to him to be selected as place chief of the " Language of Auvergne".

Territorialement, it gathered Auvergne, Walk, the Limousin, Velay, Berry, Drill it, Bourbonnais, the Lyonese, Bugey and Savoy. Rene Boudard, in his work " Bourganeuf with the wire of the âges" , locates as from 1417, the date of this important promotion. Jean de Lastic made add to the primitive building the gross tower which still bears its name. Pierre d' Aubusson who had been born in Monteil with the Viscount made restore the chorus of the church. Its nephew Guy de Blanchefort made build the tower of Djem known as Zizim to accommodate the son of Mohamet II which had found refuge after large Master Pierre d' Aubusson. Bourganeuf was to thus remain the place chief of the Large Priory of Auvergne until 1787 little time before the suppression of the Order in France.

the knights are large powerful lords and have many goods in the area.

Among the direct dependences, the Order had smallholdings leased by perpetual lease including one located in our parish at Bostdeville. The Commander perceived half of harvests " of grain" other than very other dîme or revenue and he exerted on her the famous right of " high, average and basse" justice.

In addition, the Commander, temporal lord had feudal rights on a big number of " membres" , villages or hamlets of Dizier Saint.

The member of Apple tree included/understood with the village of this name those of Bellefaye, Jalinoux, Montarichard, Pommerol, Valetta, Masbeau, Montabarot.

Apple tree paid the taxable quota and the feudal revenue: 58 rye setiers, 7 of wheat, 24 of oats, 6 books 16 grounds 6 sums of money and 16 gélines, with the dîme of the grains and the wine " drudgery; before the festival of the Martin Saint of hyver".

In addition to the taxable quota and the revenue, Bellefaye must also provide oxen necessary to go " to quérir the grinding stones which it will be appropriate for the communal mills for wheat of Commandeur". At the time of this drudgery, the Commander gives to the herdsmen three white tortas and nine breads.

Jalinoux paid the revenue and the taxable quota. the farmers must there too lead the grinding stones to the communal mills. The Commander deduced a setier from rye by wheat grinding stone. The village was also fixed with the drudgery of vinade like to various arbans.

Montarichard owed also the taxable quota and the revenue. The Commander shared the dîme grains with the Lord of Peyrusse and the farmers were also held " to go to quérir, lead, carry out and cart the grinding stones necessary to the communal mills, in consideration of which they were exempted other arbans".

Pommerolles paid a rather important revenue as well as the taxable quota: 28 rye setiers, 1 of wheat, 9 of oats, 49 grounds 4 sums of money and 4 gélines. the village owed the drudgery of vinade and two arbans: one to mow and the other to carry out wood.

Valetta paid taxable quota and revenue, owed the drudgery of vinade and the arbans ordinary.

Masbeau poured annually for the taxable quota and the revenue: 43 rye setiers and 2 of wheat, 14 oats setiers, 4 books 3 grounds 8 sums of money and 9 gélines. The Commander also takes the dîme grains, except for " that of the jardins" for which the farmers paid the revenue out of wheat and oats. They owed the drudgery of vinade and the arbans ordinary. This village was one of richest of Commanderie; located at one mile of Dizier Saint, the center of a kind of small natural area always rich in cereals.

Montabarot, with the taxable quota and the revenue, owed some arbans of which one " to bring wood for the Stock of Noël"

CHRISTIANIZATION

The diffusion of the Christian religion was very fast. Sometimes tolerated, sometimes persecuted, the Constantin emperor recognizes to him an official existence with the edict of Milan (313). The Church is affirmed then at the great day, copying its organization on that of the Empire.

Compared to the old lesson, which approved the social inequality and based the capacity on the power struggles, the Church professes revolutionary doctrines. The Christian design of the moral freedom of the man postulates the freedom of the individual in the company, the original equality, and the refusal of any primacy of the economic power.

It is about the year 300 qu ' arrives in our Martial area, that which will become the first bishop of Limoges. Its passage through current Creuse is announced to Ahun and Toulx Holy Cross. It primarily established the new religion in the cities. In the campaigns, the penetration is much slower and becomes effective only at the end of IVe and the 5th century.

Times mérovingiens bring several hermits who fix themselves in our area. Their tombs become places of worship and pilgrimage: Saint Léobon in Salagnac of Large-Borough (death in 539), Vaury with the Bernage mount or Puy of the Three Horns (death in 620). At that time, a auvergnat, Goussaud, are established close to the ancient way to the mount To play. He dies into 689. Its worship is attested dice the 11th century. He is called upon for the protection of the cattle.

In the middle of the vicissitudes of time, the Church is affirmed like the only organized authority and the bishop like the first character of the province. The feudal crumbling lets remain only one common point: membership of the diocese of Limoges.

Of VIIe at the 9th century, Christianity develops. Any human grouping has a close place of worship. These creations are however limited to fure and as the dîme is established which as from year 779 will find its form final. It is about a true tax raised by the Church. It is made compulsory by the Carolingian kings, who thus think of compensating for the plundering of the goods of church to which Charles-Martel delivered itself.

Although its rate is in theory, as its name (decimated leave) indicates it, of the tenth of the incomes, the load in is generally less heavy. It is raised within the framework of the parish to the profit of the parochial clergy, which thus obliges to fix exactly the territorial limits of the parishes.

To try to date the foundation from the parishes, Michel Aubrun just as more recently Louis Pérouas and Jean-Michel Allard, use the criterion of titulatures, i.e. the name of the saints carried by the churches. Between VIIe and 9th century, the great innovation is the appearance of the Gallic saints, in general bishops and not martyrs of Ve and 6th century, become éponymes (who give their name) their parishes.

In our area, Didier or Dizier, former bishop of Langres, martyrized by the Vandals into 265, protects three churches creusoises.

It is probable that our parish was formed at that time. It depended on archiprêché on Bénévent. One finds of it trace in 1085 in the cartulaire of this abbey (Ecclesia Sancti Désidérii) - Capellanus sancti Désidérii - 14th century (Pouillé) - Holy Didier 1771 - Dizier Saint close Peyrusse, 1770 (Nadaud, Pouillé).

The crusades showed that Christianity was in full blooming. The councils of Clermont and Limoges (1095) had a great repercussion. Many lords crossed with the cry of " God wants it! ". However as the majority were rather poor, they had to be equipped, be involved in debt and for some to engage their strongholds. In November 1177, Aldebert IV sells its county of Walk to king d' Angleterre for 15.000 books, 20 mules and palfreys. and leaves for the Holy Land.

ENGLISH DOMINATION and the ONE HUNDRED YEAR old WAR

After its divorce with the king of France Louis VII, Eléonore of Aquitaine marries future king d' Angleterre Henri Plantagenet, count d' Anjou and of Maine, duke of Normandy, in 1152, to which it brings in dowry Aquitaine and Poitou, to which Saint Dizier belongbelonged, like Bourganeuf, Saint Vaury, Bénévent. Our country thus becomes English. during long years. Few local lords agreed to lend faith and homage to the new sovereign, preferring to take the party of Hugues de Luzignan who raised claims on the county of Walk, constant in that by King Philippe Auguste. He obtained win in 1199.

De1173 at 1214, of 1219 to 1230, in 1242, Poitou is the theater of continual fights. During this war, truck drivers with the service of English called Paillers because they carried to their helmet a torch of straw to announce the fire, make all kinds of exactions. During the winter 1185-1186, they were cut in parts by a coalition of the knights limousins gathered by the bishop Sebrand Chabot. Six thousand of them perished close to Ahun from where they were continued as far as Auvergne.

This conflict often baptized first war One hundred year old was completed by the victory of king de France and Poitou passes then in the royal field.

At the 14th century, the One hundred year old war afflicts France. Our area suffers particularly from this long and fatal fight. The counts of Walk remained faithful to king de France. Jean 1st was victorious of English in several battles. He took again Bourganeuf to them and the Underground one that the treaty of Brétigny had yielded to them.

After being devastated by the English troops of Prince Noir, our region have to undergo the invasions of the truck drivers organized in large companies: Cottereaux, Mercadins, Brabançons. All was plundered and ransacked. They is at that time that the peasants grouped and in front of the incapacity of the lords to defend them effectively, strengthened the churches, to be used as refuges for them and their harvests. Our church keeps traces of these fortifications.

When it was removed of English and the truck drivers, our country was plunged in a deep misery, the cities were destroyed partly, of the large boroughs as Janaillat had lost to it quasi totality of their inhabitants. Noble themselves were ruined. Never one period also black only this end of the Middle Ages was known.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

D be the most moved back times, it seems that the men lived on our ground, as the vestiges of the prehistoric time attest it found on our commune. Later, the Gallic tribes which lived our area, pertaining to the powerful confederation of Lémovices took an active part in resistance against the Roman invader. After the defeat of Vercingétorix, our region had to be subjected and was occupied by the winner. As of 49 before JC two legions came to take their winter quarters in the country and imposed Roman peace.

This one lasted during four centuries during which an aristocracy of big landowners was established who make build “villas” with the accesses of the roads into the most moved back places.

This peaceful life was suddenly destroyed by the successive cruel invasions which ruined all our cities. Proetorium (St Goussaud) was plundered and burned.

After the battle of Vouillé in 507 which sees the victory of Clovis, our area passes under the franque domination and knows one period of continual fights. Mérovingiens left our bloodless country. The war that the dukes of Aquitaine against the Carolingian kings supported was a new plague for our area. In 731, Charles Martel devastated it. After the battle of Poitiers in 732, Buckwheats invaded our province ransacking the cities and the monasteries. Proetorium was again destroyed like Bénévent and Pontarion

The peasants whom the King was impotent to protect requested assistance from the lords auprès of which they could find asylum with the shelter of the strong castles that they had built for their own security. Thus was born feudality.

At that time our country is parcelled out in great feudal fields. During the dismemberment of the province of Walk, Guy de Lusignan lives himself to allot a part including/understanding Peyrat, Bourganeuf, Pontarion and Royère. The new owner of its strongholds as his descendants carried their homages to the Count de Poitiers. Thus the parish of Dizier Saint became poitevine.

Big families shared the area of which Brachet, lords of Peyrusse who extended their authority on Saint Dizier.

In the middle of all these vicissitudes, the Church which profits from a fast diffusion of the Christian religion seems to be the only stable institution.

To try to date the foundation from the parishes, the scholars use the criterion of titulatures, i.e. the name of the saints carried by the churches. Between the VII° and the 9th century to the names of the Gallic saints in general bishops appear whose Saint Didier, bishop of Langres martyrized by the vandals It is probable that our parish was constituted about this time.

It depended on archipréché on Bénévent. One finds of it trace in 1085 in the cartulaire of this abbey (Ecclésia Sancti Désidérii)

Consequently, the life of our parish become much later common of Saint Dizier Leyrenne was to follow the meanders of the great History, enamelled of many little stories.

In the middle of all these vicissitudes, the Church which profits from a fast diffusion of the Christian religion seems to be the only stable institution.

It depended on archipréché on Bénévent. One finds of it trace in 1085 in the cartulaire of this abbey (Ecclésia Sancti Désidérii)

Consequently, the life of our parish become much later common of Saint Dizier Leyrenne was to follow the meanders of the great History, enamelled of many little stories.

the CHURCH

The current church as well as the collateral one date from the 12th century. At the 15th century the unit was deeply transformed. Indeed, at that time particularly disturbed, the peasants gather and in front of the incapacity or the impossibility of the lords to defend them effectively the churches strengthened to be used as refuges for them and their harvests.

The apse thus was altered and raised. There still remains about it a tower now flush with loopholes very visible of outside.

In the years 1755, the church is seen flanked of a bell-tower with belfry condemning of this fact the old door. This one, on outside is decorated of an uninterrupted torus in broken layout and of a cord on return falling on two sculptures representing from the characters miters.

On the left of this old entry one can notice a broad stone posed on two granite bases. It is actually about a resting place on which one deposited the coffin of late before the reception in the church; To Dizier Saint, this monument is known under the name of “Pierre of deaths”.

In the exterior angle of collateral and old entry a large square granite stoup is difficult to date

The church is placed under the quadruple term of the Virgin Mary, Dizier Saint, Gervais Saint and Protais Saint.

In remembering the birthday of the nativity of the Virgin Mary, the employers' festival was fixed at September 8th, “September”, as one said at the time.

When one penetrates in the church, one is struck by the beautiful unit returned by the omnipresent granite and the coloured luminosity of the stained glasses framing the chorus.

In the years 1859-1862, under Napoleon III, the church was restored. The pavement remade by Sirs Labussière Louis and Jean father and wire, contractors of work. The stained glasses of the chorus realized by the Thevenot workshops of Clermont-Ferrand were posed in 1861. They represent the Virgin Mary in the center, Saint Dizier on the left and Holy Gervais on the right.

The collateral one as for him is decorated of a stained glass of the Virgin Mary.

At this same time, on February 10th, 1861, the municipal council of Dizier Saint votes a sum of 234 francs for work and supplies made for the placement of the communal clock, memory of expenses deposited by Mr Glanjeaud, iron metal worker and merchant with Saint Dizier.

The mechanism of this clock, restored by Mr Laraud is exposed to the right-hand side of the nave. It was replaced in 1964 by the current clock, gift of Mr Pierre Pelège.

In the years 1955, under the impulse of the abbot Martial de Vendière helped Mrs Renee Brown, and under the control of Victor Shovel representing of the Municipal council, the woodworks of the chorus, in very bad condition are withdrawn making it possible to discover the very beautiful stones of the building.

Granite the current furnace bridge of the country is installed in 1956 as well as the stained glasses of the nave and the collateral one. These stained glasses carried out by the Chigot workshops of Limoges, of modern invoice are very luminous and bring a soft and peaceful clearness in the building.

The stained glass of the porch of entry was created with the identical one. It could be installed in August 2001 thanks to the generosity of the association of the friends of the place of Dizier Saint who thus wanted to mark in a “luminous” way his attachment with the safeguard of the inheritance of our commune.

The chorus, narrower than the nave has two decorated capitals, northern side characters and in the south of interlacing.

The gate vault in oak of local invoice, probably of the 18th century is very nicely carved of a dove representing the Saint Spirit and of the paschal lamb. The candlesticks which surround it were recently found in the bell-tower.

In the collateral one the vault of the Virgin was installed.

The baptistry of very old invoice dates from XIIIe or 14th century.

The way of modern cross of invoice was carried out after work of restoration of 1955 per Mr Jauberty, carpenter with Saint Dizier. It replaced the old one of 1927, damaged enough, which one can see two elements lately rehabilitated in the sacristy and the collateral one. The church is also remarkable by the quality of the tomb stones present in the pavement. If the ecclesiastics had as well as the syndics fabricians the privilege of being able to be buried in the church, much of others could reach this burial with the help of the payment of a right whose product was used for operation of the factory. To fight against this practice Monseigneur de Coëtlasquet, Bishop of Limoges, doubled this right in 1745. A royal decree C March 10th, 1776 removed in an absolute way the burial in the churches.

The parochial registers give some indications on their subject and one can draw up a nonexhaustive list of these burials:

April 20th, 1744, Léonard Montayaud, cleaned prior of Dizier Saint, 70 years; October 24th, 1752, Marguerite Caillous marries Parisous of the village of “Theiller”, old of approximately 28 years; February 4th, 1764, Gilbert Audubert, priest of the mission of Limoges; September 6th, 1770, Jacques Voisain, priest vicar; January 24th, 1768, Marie Pelège old widow of Pierre Baker died at the village of Effes of approximately 30 years. …

It was seen that rights were charged to the profit of the “factory”. One gave this name to the administration of the parishes the purpose of which is to provide for maintenance of the churches called, until the 14th century, “factories” in the treaties of architecture. The priest beside his spiritual functions was indeed to get the essential resources for repairs of the church, for the maintenance of the liturgical objects, for the establishment of the cemeteries… If the expenditure to be made were too considerable, they were to be supported by the parishioners. It was necessary thus that they had themselves a share in this administration. They were represented there by the syndic-fabricien, whose attributions had some relationship with that of the mayor who is with the head of each commune. They were named by the vote of the inhabitants of the parish gathered in front of the door of the church, at the conclusion of the Sunday mass, where the household heads indicated of sharp voice that of them which they considered able to fulfill these functions. A notary drew up the report of the election and the syndic-fabricien immediately took up duty for three or four years renewable. For the important businesses, the parishioners were directly consulted. These popular assemblies were held on the place, in front of the door of the church, Sunday, at the conclusion of the mass or vespers and were announced by the sound of the bell.

The last writing relating to the factory of Dizier Saint, dated March 12th, 1787, organizes, within the villages of the parish, the collection of the wire intended to maintain the cords the bells.

It should be noted that the sexton who had inter alia the role to sound the bells was often appointed, on a proposal from the priest during these same assemblies. He was drawn up by it an official report which fixed the rights and duties of this one.

The bells had a big role in the life of the community. They regulated the hours by sounding the Ave Maria evening and morning like at midday. They announced the various ceremonies, baptisms, marriages and burials.

The use was in our campaigns to sound the bells when the storm threatened. According to the ritual of the diocese published by Monseigneur d' Argentré in 1774, the priest who blesses the bell addressed this prayer “When the sound of this bell is made hear, made O Lord that the noise of hail and the impetuosity of the storms are dissipated and that grondement thunder is decreased…”

The sexton, delegated for this office signs a contract with the plowmen who remunerate it for this work.

The origin of the bells currently present in the bell-tower is rather vague.

July 13rd, 1864, the municipal council considering “that the commune has three bells and that with that it does not have ringing in connection with its extent and its population” decides to make some remelt two “to have a fort pretty bell for the locality”. Unanimously the council chaired by Mr Plaize votes the sum of eleven hundred francs “to manage to make a suitable bell for the commune”.

Recently, the state of the building not ceasing degrading itself, the Municipal council decides, dated March 15th, 2004, of work of restoration necessary. Those are undertaken quickly and are finished in 2006. The individualization of the nave in tiles channel, the mono slope in penetration against a long side for collateral north, the chorus in apse with a radiant cover in tiles channel on a granite cornice allow to solve the problems of carcass work heavy castings and frame by giving again character and an authenticity at the building which finds the original Romance style thus.

THE PLACE

When one leaves the church one is struck by the size of the place. It should be known that until 1845, two cemeteries occupied it. The translation took place on a bought ground with Pierre Couty.

The inhabitants of Dizier Saint are legitimately proud trees which occupy part of this place. In his meeting of May 14th, 1865, the municipal council votes the sum of 222,55 francs to regulate François Tixier who undertook to plant 13 horse chestnut trees and fifty and one limes. To note that in this amount it was envisaged 56 francs “for the installation of a barrier in all the width of the place to guarantee the shock of the cars”

Let us turn towards the war memorial which dominates the lawn of the place. Realized by the Nourisseau establishments out of stone of Compeix, it was set up in two times. Initially capped of a simple stone capital, it was inaugurated on September 26th, 1920 in the presence of many personalities. It will receive a little later the statue of hairy symbolizing all our dead soldiers with the field of honor whose too many names are engraved on its sides.

Personalities related to the commune

See too

Common of Hollow the
Path of great excursion GR. 4

External bonds

Official site of the Town hall of Saint Dizier Leyrenne
Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne on the site of the national geographical Institute
Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne on the site of INSEE
Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne on the site of Quid
Localization of Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne on Mapquest

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