Sérov

History

Archeology shows that the area of Sérov was inhabited at least thousand before our era by the Mansi S or their ancestors. In the first times of the Russian colonization of Siberia, one found only some villages in the area. The situation changed starting from 1893: the director of the mining District of Bogoslovsk, Alexander Auerbakh, proposed the construction of an iron and steel plant for the production of cast iron and rails on the Kavka river, close to the terminus of a railway. The construction of the factory and a city for the personnel began the same year. The city was named Nadejdinsk according to Nadejda Mikhaïlovna Polotsova, the owner of the mining District of Bogolovsk. The factory was brought into service in 1896 and became an important supplier of rails for the Transsibérien. Dimitri Mendeleïev, which visited Nadejdinsk, was agreeably impressed by the advanced techniques used in the factory. A first school was open in December 1895 with Nadejdinsk and a powerplant, of a power of 415 kw in 1907.

Nadejdinsk was affected by the Révolution of 1905 and agitation was prolonged until in 1908. At the beginning of the First World War, the industry of Nadejdinsk adapted to the needs for the army. The factory of mechanical engineering of the Klein Brothers was transferred from Riga to Nadejdinsk in 1917. The increasing requirements in labor led the authorities to recruit workmen in Korea and China: in 1917, there was: 1266 Chinese and Koreans like: 3329 prisoners of war in the city.

The October 27th 1917, two days after the Revolution from October to Pétrograd, the capacity in the city became to the Soviet workmen without bloodshed. The December 18th 1917, the mining District of Bogoslovsk and the factories of Nadejdinsk, were nationalized. In October 1918, the army of the Provisional government of Siberia, opposed to the Soviets during the civil war, occupied Nadejdinsk. The November 20th 1918, is two days after the admiral Koltchak had taken the head of the white government of Siberia, 23 Bolsheviks were carried out in Nadejdinsk. The July 19th 1919, the partisans of the Red Army took again the city. After the civil war, Nadejdinsk was in ruin and none the factories was in activity and much of engineers had left the area.

Gouverment Soviet endeavoured to restore the urban life and to give the economy on the way. At the end of 1925, the factories of Nadejdinsk turned again to full capacity. The city changed: the numbers of the houses and the streets changed, a hospital, a circus and a cabaret was open.

In 1926, Nadejdinsk accepted the statute of city. In the Thirties, the iron and steel-making increased and diversified. The city was famous Kabarovsk in 1934, according to I. D. Kabakov, the chief of the Communist party in the Oblast de Sverdlovsk. But, in 1937, Kabarov were victim of the purgings of |Stalin and the city found his old name of Nadejdinsk. Two years later, it was famous Sérov in the honor of the pilot A.K. Serov, a former workman of Nadejdinsk become hero of the Spanish Civil war, died in 1939.

During the Second world war, Sérov was an important iron and steel center, where the large majority of employment were occupied by women because of the lack of men, for the majority in the army. The city accommodated many evacuated institutions of the Soviet territories invaded by the German army, like the hospitals of Polotsk and Smolensk and the theater Komsomolsk Léniniski of Leningrad.

After the war, the needs for the rebuilding required more steel. Sérov became crossroads of electrified railways. A new powerplant was brought into service. In 1958, Sérov began the production of Ferro-silicium. In the Seventies, a structural timber factory and a gas pipeline were built.

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