See also: Séminole (homonymy)
The Séminoles are Amerindian people of North America. They reside now in Florida, State in which they are originating, and in Oklahoma. The nation séminole emerged at the 18th century; it was made up of Indians of the current States of Georgia, of the the Mississippi, the Alabama, and Florida, generally resulting from the nation Creek but also from Afro-américain S fleeing the Esclavage of Georgia (see Séminoles blacks). While approximately 3.000 Séminoles were off-set in the west of the river the Mississippi, including the nation séminole of the Oklahoma, which grew rich novel members during the voyage, from 300 to 500 Séminoles remained and fought in and around the Everglades in Florida. 1.500 soldiers of the the United States died in a succession of three wars against Séminoles of Florida but no formal treaty of peace having been imposed them or even proposed, they never went to the government of the United States. This is why, Séminoles of Florida name themselves “the unconquered people”.
Their current name is a deformation of the word Mvskoke (a language Cree) simano-Li , itself an adaptation of Spanish cimarrón , who means " sauvage" , " fuyard".
Today, Séminoles have sovereignty on their tribal grounds; their economy is based on the tobacco, tourism and the play. “Séminoles” is also the nickname of the sporting teams of the University of the State of Florida.
History
After the Spanish conquest at the 16th century, the natives of the Florida were decimated by the disease and one thinks that the few survivors were evacuated by Spanish with Cuba when Florida passed under control of the the United Kingdom in 1763.At the beginning of the 18th century, members of the nation Creek of the low cities started to emigrate in Florida to free itself from the domination of Creek of the high cities and mixed with some autochtones remaining there, of which the Yuchis, the Yamasses and some other natives. They were then called “Séminoles”, a derivative of the word “cimarrón” which means “wild” (in their case “wild men”) in Spanish. Seminole were a heterogeneous tribe mainly made up of Lower Creek of Georgia, Musckogee speaking Mikasuki and of Afro-américain S escaped slaves, and to a lesser extent of American white and Indians of other tribes.
Séminoles unified spoke two languages, Creek and the Mikasuki (a modern dialect of Hitchiti), two members different from the family of the Muskogean a group of language which also includes the Choctaw and the Chickasaw. It is mainly for these linguistic reasons that the current tribe of Miccosukee of Florida maintains its identity singular. Séminoles lived apparently in good terms with Spanish and English. In 1784, the treaty which putting fine at the War of American independence replaça Florida under Spanish control. However, the decline of the Spanish Empire makes it possible Séminoles to be more deeply established in the marshes of Florida.
See too
Bonds and sources
- Official site of the Séminole tribe of Florida
- Seminole Clothing Patchwork
- Official site of the trbu Miccosukee of the Indians of Florida
- Official site of the Séminole nation of Oklahoma
- The sovereign Miccosukee Seminole Nation official site
- Hitchiti-Mikasuki Creation Story
- Aponke Resources for the study off Hitchiti and Mikasuki
- History off the Seminole People off Florida by Patricia R. Wickman, Ph.D.
- Seminole Portraits Hand colored lithographs off nap off the major Seminole leaders off the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). From the State Library & Files off Florida.
- Seminole Fraud MakingSeminole fraud maker Mary B. Billie. Interview in Seminole and English with photographs. State Library & Files of Florida.
- Alligator Audio Dance off Seminole elder Billy Bowlegs III performing traditional dance and song in 1954. (Track 16 off CD.) From the State Library & Files off Florida.
- * John Horse Séminoles blacks, first rebels with American slavery
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