Ségolène Royal , born Marie-Ségolène Royal on September 22nd, 1953 with Dakar, with the Senegal (at the time AOF), is a political woman French member of the Socialist party and the former partner of François Holland. She since affirmed a strong political independence with respect to François Holland, and this on several occasions (absence with various meetings and conferences of his/her former companion even more generally of the PS).

Old Appointed E, old Minister for the governments Bérégovoy and Jospin, it is currently always president of the District council of Poitou-Charentes. She is also the first woman to have reached the second turn of the presidential election, which she lost against her adversary of right, Nicolas Sarkozy, on May 6th, 2007.

Biography

Origins, studies and family

Ségolène Royal, from her true Royal name Marie-Ségolène, is born the September 22nd 1953, with Dakar (district of Ouakam in AOF). She is the girl of Jacques Royal (1920 - 1981), Lieutenant-colonel of Marine artillery, assistant of the mayor of Chamagne (the Vosges), chevalier of the Legion of Honor, itself wire of the brigadier general Florian Royal (1891 - 1975), polytechnician (X 1912), Officer of the Legion of Honor, and of Helene Dehaye, which had eight children in nine years (Marie-Odette, Marie-Nicole, Gerard, lieutenant-colonel with the DGSE (protagonist of the business of the Rainbow Warrior), Marie-Ségolène, Antoine, Paul, Henry and Sigisbert).

Its family lives Martinique during three years because of an other assignment of her father in 1960. She is then raises boarding school Saint-Joseph of Cluny to Fort-de-France. On her return in metropolis, the royal family settles in the village of Chamagne, close to Épinal, in which it is originating.

She carries out her primary studies and secondaries with Charmes (the Vosges), then integrates the private college Saint-Joseph of Épinal in 1968 and obtains the baccalaureat B, in economic scenes. She is young girl with the par with Dublin (Ireland) during the summer 1971. After a license of Economic scenes to the University Nancy II, it is graduate of Sciences Po in 1978. This year, 25 years old, it assigns her father in justice and gains, because this last refused to finance the studies of his/her children.

It integrates then the National school of administration, promotion Voltaire. During its schooling, it makes a training course in Martinique in 1978. It leaves in 1980 (95e of its promotion), and chooses there a post of magistrate to the administrative court of Paris. In 1994, it passes the examination of lawyer to the bar of Paris while sitting to the National Assembly and to the general advice of the Two-Sevres, and enters to the cabinet Teitgen.

At the end of the Years 1970, it met François Holland at the time of one evening of the National school of administration. Left ENA to the Court of Auditors, it is since 1997 first secretary of the Socialist party. They had four children: Thomas (1984), who dealt of the countryside on the Web of his mother and with the site Segosphere.net, Clémence (1985), Julien (1987) and Flora (1992). He concluded a PACS in 2001. The rupture between Ségolène Royal and François Holland was announced on the site of the weekly magazine Marianne , like by the diffusion of an extract of an exclusive interview on the radio station " Inter" France; the evening of the June 17th 2007, day of the second turn of the French legislative elections of 2007.

Political career

General considerations

In 1978, it adheres to the Socialist party, the section of the 6 {{E}} district of Paris.
Noticed with François Holland by Jacques Attali whereas it is adviser of administrative court of availability, it becomes of 1982 with 1984 mission leader with the general secretary of the presidency of the Republic to follow the questions of youth and sports. Of 1984 with 1988, François Mitterrand entrusts to him the social affairs and the environment to replace Yannick Moreau, left to direct the cabinet of Jean-Pierre Chevènement, new Ministre for State education.

Starting from 1983, it seeks a local establishment of elected. It is only in 1988 that she really reaches that point, managing to gain a district of the Two-Sevres historically anchored on the right. She for summer has re-elected at this station with each election, and resigned about it twice, to occupy of the ministerial functions. She did however not manage to become mayor, her last attempt going back to 1995, where she obtains the nomination of the Socialist party for the election with Niort, but fails vis-a-vis the outgoing socialist mayor Bernard Bellec which had refused to be withdrawn.

Its political career takes its true rise at the national level starting from the Gouvernement Bérégovoy, in 1992, in which it is minister of environment. Then, of 1997 with 2000, it is minister delegated to the Secondary education of the Gouvernement Jospin, then Ministre delegated to the Family, the Childhood and to the handicapped People of 2000 with 2002.

In 2004, it conquers the district council of Poitou-Charentes of which it becomes president. Area traditionally of right-hand side, it gains in the stronghold of the Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, who was the president, by carrying out there the best score of the PS in France. It is not the first woman to chair an area, but it is currently the only woman to exert this function.

She is sometimes criticized for the use which she makes of her physical appearance in policy, being made photograph by expert photographers in Mannequinat and not in political journalism, the more so as with the summer 2005, she was made make an operation of facial cosmetic surgery.

The November 16th 2006, it was indicated with the first turn by 60,65  % of the 178  000 socialist militants like official candidate of the socialist party for the presidential of 2007. It precedes Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Laurent Fabius.

The April 22nd 2007 with 25,87% of the voices (against 31,18% with its rival Nicolas Sarkozy); it reaches to the second ballot at the time of the French presidential election, to which it obtains 46,94% of the voices.

First mandates

In 1983, it wishes to be established electorally with Villers-on-Sea (Calvados), where his/her mother resides. However, vis-a-vis the refusal of the mayor of then, if one believes the remarks of Micheline Vincent of them, it moves away a few kilometers and joined the list of “Union of the left” of Trouville-on-Sea, carried out by Gilbert Hurel (PS). The beaten list, it becomes municipal adviser of opposition. It was present at 12 municipal councils out of 39 and intervened 8 times in session. She wishes to be invested with legislative of 1986, but essuie the refusal of the Socialists Low Normans, in particular Louis Mexandeau. She resigns then of the municipal council of Trouville to seek a new political establishment.

In 1988, it requires of François Mitterrand, the day of sound Investiture for its second Septennat, if he can help it to be established in a district for the next legislative elections. It “is thus parachuted” in the Two-Sevres, to replace Jean-Paul Jean, the candidature closure day before. After a vigorous campaign, “explaining to the peasants that it was going to give them English courses in the villages so that they can export to them Chabichou”, it is elected appointed 2nd district, that of Saint-Maixent-the School with the second turn with a score of 50,57%. Commenting on its success in a district historically anchored on the right, she declares: “For a parachuting, the landing is successful. ”. To his request, François Mitterrand grants in 1992, within the framework of his great presidential work, a Subvention of 50 franc million to the communes of the Marais poitevin of Two-Sevres, in the district of Ségolène Royal. The local base of the deputy is consolidated by it. She will be re-elected in this district in 1993, 1997 and 2002.

Ministerial wallets

In the government Bérégovoy (1992-1993)

April 3rd 1992 with the March 29th 1993, it is minister of environment for the Gouvernement Bérégovoy. During its ministry, it sticks to the questions of the treatment and the Recyclage of waste, the visual and sound harmful effects and to the problems involved in the Eau. It makes vote a law on the treatment and the waste recycling (law of July 1992), with a support for technologies innovating for the treatment and the collection of waste.

Against the harmful effects, it makes vote a law of reduction of the noise (outline law of December 1992) with the prevention of the noise of transport, in the public buildings (school canteens for example), the work places, etc It then makes vote a law on the “reconquest of the landscapes” (law of January 1993), followed certification of one hundred landscapes and their products (operation “Let us save our landscapes, enjoy their products”).

It deals with the problems related to water by working on the application of the law on the water voted little time before its taking of, on the initiative of its predecessor, Brice Lalonde: creation of a Direction of water within the ministry, launching of the master development plans and management of water (SDAGE), increase in the budget of the agencies of water and reforms police force of water (international coordination of the management of water).

Its fourth child, Flora, are born whereas it is minister. Profiting that for the first time in France, a minister is confined during his mandate, it strongly médiatisé this birth, against the opinion of her companion, François Holland, by showing his baby with the television cameras and the photographers, causing a debate on separation between the public life and the private life.

In the government Jospin (1997-2002)

; Secondary education

June 4th 1997 with the March 27th 2000, it is minister delegated to the Secondary education of the Gouvernement Jospin near the Minister for the State education Claude Allègre. It then gives up its mandate of deputy whom it reconquers in June 2002. During its mandate, it sticks to the assistance with the underprivileged children or in school difficulties with the revival of the zones of priority education, the creation of funds of a company for the pupils (like the funds of a company for the school canteens), the creation of the hours of extra teaching or the creation of the classes and the first boarding school-relays. It launches also initiatives such as the local educational Contrat and the routes of discovered to the college.

As regards safety, it sticks to the defense of the rights of the child and the fight against violence to the school (law of June 1998 relating to the prevention and the repression of sexual offenses like to the protection of the minors). It makes also vote the law of June 1998 against the Bizutage and supports public awareness campaigns against the racket. Lastly, in the field of health, it sticks to the revalorization of the role of the school nurses and makes available free the Pilule of the following day in the colleges.

It signs in 1997 a circular against sexual violences.

See also: Circular Royal

; The family and with childhood

March 27th 2000 with the March 27th 2001, it is minister delegated to the Family and the Childhood of the Gouvernement Jospin near the Minister for Employment and Solidarity, briefly Martine Aubry then Elisabeth Guigou.

Then, of the March 28th 2001 with the May 5th 2002, it is minister delegated to the Family, the Childhood and to the handicapped People of the Jospin Government near the Minister for Employment and Solidarity Elisabeth Guigou. It is at this station that it was made known general public in particular by its reform of the law on the Parental authority.

The delegation

The June 18th 2002, it is re-elected appointed 2nd district of Two-Sevres. It had already been it with 3 recoveries before: June 12th 1988 with the April 2nd 1993 (but it had to resign the May 2nd 1992 to enter the government Bérégovoy), of April 2nd, 1993 to the April 21st 1997 and of June 1st, 1997 to the June 16th 2002 (but it had to resign the July 4th 1997 to enter the government Jospin). In 2002, therefore, it is Member of the Commission of the laws, president of the group of studies on the rights of the child and occupies the place number 500 in the hemicycle of the National Assembly.

According to the weekly magazine the Express train , it is classified with the 469e row of the 577 most active deputies, with 8 interventions during the meeting. It also presented two private bills, whereas the average in the assembly is of six: one bearing on “the prevention of the violences made to the women”, the other on “the fight against the commercial use and degrading human body in publicity”, which is underlined by its detractors.

She announced in 2006 her intention not to represent itself at the station of deputy, decision which she confirmed the May 11th 2007, at the conclusion of the presidential one. The PS invested Delphine Batho to aspire to her seat.

The district council

In March 2004, it gains the presidency of the area Poitou-Charentes vis-a-vis its predecessor Elisabeth Morin (UMP).

Ségolène Royal makes education one of her priorities (the area, like others in France, devotes about half of its budget to the formation, the training, education and higher education).

The Poitou-Charentes area increased strongly the taxes in 2005 (+ 14,5% for an national average from + 21%) and also stabilizes the national debt (increase lower than 2% in 2006) which had not ceased growing since 2001.

Out of economic material, the area sets up a charter of reciprocal engagements which engages the companies touching of the assistances of the area not to delocalize, not to lay off (if they make benefit) and to respect the law as regards environment. In 2005, the 182 signed charters would have created 832 jobs and license 1415 formations. It supports the research programs applied (10 million euros) and uses the public orders to support “local productions of excellence” (like the installations for renewable energies). It installs the “purses springboards” for employment which would have taken part in the creation of 2000 companies (of which the half for the young people) and “springboards employment” for the young people who in two years would have created 2900 jobs (including 1560 in the associative sector). It supports the accompaniment of the discharged employees by the creation of a platform of conversion to Châtellerault and the development of the “committees of basins of employment”. It also grants assistances for the revival projects of companies by the employees or a transferee. Lastly, it sets up a help for the young farmers (35 installations helped in 2005) and with the agricultural production of quality and respectful of the environment (687 exploitations profited from the regional Contracts of exploitation in 2005).

As regards health, the area created funds of a company regional to ensure the exemption from payment of access to contraception for the young girls of the vocational schools and the training centres of the apprentices of Poitou-Charentes.

Lastly, infrastructure technology, the area supports, in the continuity of its predecessors, the development of the FOR THE THIRD TIME (purchase of 27 new trains Bombardier for 100 million euros), FOR THE THIRD TIME creates the operation “with an euro” and defends the lines of Corail trains threatened of closing. Via Arantis the area equips 500 small communes out of computers connected to Internet and proposes a help with the creation of Internet sites for the companies and the farmers of the Area.

Its political management of the institutions of the area is nevertheless the target of criticisms. Thus the totality of the decisions of the Regional committee of tourism (CRT) of Poitou-Charentes was cancelled by justice for the absence of convocation of one elected of the opposition. UMP speaks about clientelism for certain assignments of subsidies and gives the Regional example of the Funds of Local Intervention (FRIL) of which 24% of the subsidies are intended for the district of Ségolène Royal who accounts for only 5.3% of the population. In the black Book of the socialist areas , UMP also affirms that the investments in the social action fell of 87% between 2005 and 2006 and that the personnel costs increased by 57% since the beginning of its presidency.

Association of the areas of France

Since 2004, Ségolène Royal is spokesperson of the Association of the areas of France. Tried by the presidency of the ARF in July 2007, it gives up contributing against Alain Rousset, posts some since 2004, and remains spokesperson.

Presidential election (2007)

See also: Amorce=Voir the articles, Parti_socialiste_%28France%29#2006-2007_: _d.C3.A9but_de_l.27.C3.A8re_Royal_.3F, Socialist party - presidential Election of 2007, French presidential election of 2007

In 2006, the socialist party organizes primary elections to choose a candidate with the French presidential election of 2007. Ségolène Royal declares her candidature, just like Laurent Fabius and Dominique Strauss-Kahn. Several surveys led to beginning of the year 2006 indicated that it could gain this nomination, as well as the presidential election. Finally, on November 16th, 2006, Ségolène Royal 60,65% of the voices obtain - against 20,69% for Dominique Strauss-Kahn and 18,66% for Laurent Fabius - and are thus indicated candidate of the Socialist party. The participation was of 82,03%, that is to say 178.000 voters for nearly 218.000 registered militants. Ségolène Royal will constitute her team of countryside around Jean-Louis Bianco and François Rebsamen, both deputy managers of countryside and indicates Dominique Bertinotti like her financial agent.

After a phase of listening and debates participative, it presents its presidential pact on February 11th, 2007 to Villepinte. In spite of the presentation of its program and the end of the participative sentence décriée by the commentators, the countryside of Ségolène Royal does not record profits of voters in the surveys. It must face the rise to power of Francois Bayrou.

Ségolène Royal qualified himself for the second turn on April 22nd, 2007 with a score of 25,87% of the votes cast. But it loses the second turn of the presidential election with 46,94% of the votes compared with 53,06% for Nicolas Sarkozy. She declares at once that its combat continues to join together around her the left and the forces of progress.

In its book the Dead end published in September 2007, Lionel Jospin estimates that Ségolène Royal “does not have human qualities nor the political capacities” necessary to give the Socialist party in functioning order and “to hope to gain the next presidential one”.

Legislative elections (2007)

In 2007, it is not presented to the delegation, announcing during the presidential campaign that it is against the Cumul of the mandates, that it applies to itself.

Synthesis of the political offices

Electoral mandates

Local mandates

; At the municipal council:

* 1983 - 1986: municipal adviser of Trouville-on-Sea (Apple-brandy). It leaves its post office with the end of the year 1986, attitude which it justifies by functions of increasing importance in the Elysium. It seems, however, that its departure of the Apple-brandy is more explained by its weak chances of nomination by the local PS the same year.

* March 13rd 1989 with the June 18th 1995: municipal adviser of Miss (Two-Sevres)

* June 18th 1995 with the March 18th 2001: municipal adviser of Niort (Two-Sevres)

; At the general advice:

* April 2nd 1992 with the March 23rd 1998: general adviser of the Two-Sevres

; At the district council:

* March 23rd 1992 with the April 3rd 1992: regional adviser of Poitou-Charentes (resigns to enter the Bérégovoy government)

* April 2nd 2004 - in progress : president of the district council of Poitou-Charentes

; Others:

* 2004 - 2006: president of the mixed trade-union of the Regional natural park of the Marsh poitevin

National mandates

; Appointed E:

* June 13rd 1988 with the May 2nd 1992: appointed of Two-Sevres (resigns to enter the Bérégovoy government)

* April 2nd 1993 with the April 21st 1997: deputy of Two-Sevres

* June 1st 1997 with the July 4th 1997: appointed of Two-Sevres (resigns to enter the Jospin government)

* June 16th 2002 - June 17th 2007: deputy of the 2 {{E}} district of Two-Sevres (elected with the 2nd turn)

Ministerial functions

; Minister deputy:

* June 4th 1997 with the March 27th 2000: minister delegated to the Secondary education of the Government Jospin near the Minister for the State education Claude Allègre

* March 27th 2000 with the March 27th 2001: minister delegated to the Family and the Childhood of the Government Jospin near the Minister for Employment and Solidarity, briefly Martine Aubry then Elisabeth Guigou

* March 28th 2001 with the May 5th 2002: minister delegated to the Family, the Childhood and to the handicapped People of the Government Jospin near the Minister for Employment and Solidarity Elisabeth Guigou

; Minister:

* April 3rd 1992 with the March 29th 1993: minister of environment for the Government Bérégovoy

Standpoint

Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe

In 2005, it supports, like the Socialist party and the majority of the socialist parties and social democrat European, the Traité establishing a Constitution for Europe, proposing for example progress of this text on the question of the public services in the European Union.

Tony Blair

In the Financial Times (English newspaper), Ségolène Royal stated to adhere to certain ideas of the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair (reinvestment in the public services, fights against youth unemployment and assumption of responsibility of the graduates), which was worth to him the label of “Blairisme”. However she criticized as the lack of reactivity of this one vis-a-vis the factory shutdowns in the United Kingdom and said to think as it made the mandate of too.

François Mitterrand

According to Le Monde , Ségolène Royal would not be agreement with the “right of inventory” over the years Mitterrand of Lionel Jospin. Jean-Pierre Mignard, godfather of his oldest son, affirms “never to have intended it to disparage” the old socialist president”.

Japanese animation and mangas

In 1989, Ségolène Royal at the head puts crusade against the violence on television French whose prototype would be the animation Japanese, qualified “null, poor and ugly one” and with this intention written a book on the subject: the dissatisfaction of the babies zappeurs . The defenders of Manga S estimate that the book made the amalgam between film production of “the Far East”, Violence and production bottom-of-the-range, whereas it decrees with the French and American production a patent of respectability, an example to be followed and promote.

Ségolène Royal preserves, 18 years after this writing, the same opinion on the production Japan ease: Fukushima Mizuho, leading of the Japanese social democrat Party, that it met the December 22nd 2006, explained why Ségolène Royal had questioned it on the condition of the women in Japan and had considered that the problem could come from the impact of the mangas and the Japanese cartoons “in which women are tortured” and notes that even within the Japanese government, some feared a cooling of the relations free-Japanese women in the event of election of Ségolène Royal to the presidential election of 2007.

Additional details

Legal affairs

In 1978, it assigns his/her father in justice because this one refuses to pay its academic works. After many years, it obtains win.

After the dissolution of 1997, Ségolène Royal preserved three collaborators at the time of the legislative elections. Following a litigation on the wages, these last seize the court of arbitration of Niort and obtain in 1999 a judgment of Ségolène Royal to a recall of three weeks wages (over the three months requested). In 2001, Ségolène Royal is déboutée complaint for “slandering” which it had deposited against its former collaborators who carry felt sorry for to penal for “recourse to clandestine work”, but Ségolène Royal obtains a Non-lieu in 2003. January 16th 2007, the withdrawal of case is broken by the Court of appeal which condemns Ségolène Royal to pay 2.500 euros with the plaintiffs, in waiting of a new lawsuit. One of the plaintiffs, Evelyne Pathout, wrote a work on Ségolène Royal. In 2000, it is continued for slandering by teachers estimating itself defamed by his denunciation of facts of pedophilia which had not been still judged with the Thiers College in Marseilles. Ségolène Royal was released by the Court of justice of the Republic.

The daily newspaper South-western on November 7th 2006 reports that a complaint for moral Harcèlement would have been deposited against Ségolène Royal by Olivier Chupin, director of the regional Funds of contemporary art of Poitou-Charentes. The complaint, deposited six months after the facts which are reproached Ségolène Royal (delocalization of Frac) and after the latter resigned of the presidency of Frac, seems politically opportunist with the interested party, who comments on: “It is a complaint without any base which intervenes in a political context which is not neutral. It will not lead to nothing. ”

The May 11th 2007, two journalists of the World , ARIANE Way and Raphaëlle Bacqué, publish at Albin Michel a new book on Ségolène Royal, the femme fatale . Its drafting was buckled after May 6th and evokes the reactions of the candidate and the PS vis-a-vis the defeat. The lawyer of the couple Royal-Holland, Jean-Pierre Mignard, announced that it was going to attack this book in justice for “violation of the private life” after having read of them extracts in the good sheets of the Nouvel observer . He claims, in the name of the couple, the May 31st 2007, the sum of 150.000 euros damages for invasion of privacy and public Diffamation. This pecuniary request is a first in France, where the political personalities required until now the euro symbolic system. Association Reporters without borders gave its support for the two journalists, considering “exorbitant” the amount required by the couple, and recalling that the public personalities “must, as much as possible, to abstain from carrying felt sorry for against the journalists. ”.

Family entourage

His/her parents, Royal the Jacques lieutenant-colonel and Helene Dehaye had eight children in nine years; in decreasing order: Marie-Odette, Marie-Nicole, Gerard, Marie-Ségolène, Antoine, Paul, Henry and Sigisbert.

Gerard Royal is a former lieutenant-colonel of DGSE. He is one of the protagonists of the business of the '' Rainbow Warrior '' (the man with the red bonnet): he transported the two plungers of the 2nd team (the first team being Dominique Prieur and Alain Mafart) at the origin of the sabotage of the boat of Greenpeace in 1985. In sign of protest, Ségolène Royal - who ensures to be unaware of the activities of her brother - would have projected to rejoin the atoll of Moruroa, in company of antinuclear militants of associations.

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