Ruth Fischer

Ruth Fischer (December 11th 1895 with Leipzig; † March 13rd 1961 with Paris; of its true name Elfriede Eisler ) was politicking communist germano-Austrian and writer.

Life

Ruth Fischer was the girl of the philosopher and independent scientist ( Privatgelehrter ) Rudolf Eisler and of Ida Maria, born Fischer. She was sister of the type-setter Hans Eisler and the journalist and communist Gerhart Eisler. Ruth Fischer was initially communist, then was opposed to the policy German Communist party (KPD) and of Moscow. She lived in exile with the the United States as from 1941.

In 1901, the career of Rudolf Eisler led the Eisler family to leave Leipzig for Vienna. Ruth Fischer grows in a middle-class environment where the music and the literature played a central role. In Vienna, she studied philosophy, the economy and political sciences.

In 1915, she married the journalist Paul Friedländer; in 1917, they had a son Friedrich Gerhart.Ce last lived in Vienna, Berlin, Paris. It made studies of mathematics at the University of Cambridge where he became Professor and lived all his life. Its Friedrich first name is that of Friedrich Adler that the attack of the Count Stürgkh in 1916 made very popular in the mediums opposed to the continuation of the war.

Political ascendance

November 3rd, 1918, Elfriede Eisler/Ruth Fischer took part in the foundation of the Communist party German-Austrian KPDÖ ( Kommunistische Partei Deutsch-Österreichs ). One allotted to Ruth Fischer the " Number 1 in the charter of the parti".

Following the occupation armed with the seat of the newspaper " Neuen Freien Presses " , Ruth Fischer was stopped on November 14th, 1918 and remained in prison until Christmas.

February 9th, 1919, it presented, in front of 42 deputy, the central report/ratio of the first congress of the KPDÖ which hitherto counted 3000 members.

The Good Friday 1919, at a meeting of the central committee of the KPDÖ, Friedrich Adler, whose prestige near the Communists was large since the attack of the Count Stürkgh, was invited to become President of the Party, offers that it declined.

In August 1919, of the dissensions internal between middle-class workers and intellectual within the Austrian Communist party and the failure of the Soviet republic in Hungary led Ruth Fischer to accept the invitation of a group of young German Communists (Spartakistes) (of which Willy Münzenberg) of to return to Berlin. It took for name Ruth Fischer as from September 1919.

On his arrival in Berlin, one presented Ruth Fischer to Karl Radek which was authorized to receive visits in its prison. " leçons" of Radek during several months were for Ruth Fischer an initiation in international policy.

It separated from its first husband Paul Friedlander in 1921. To obtain German nationality, it contracted a phony marriage with the Communist and member of the Komintern Gustav Golke. This marriage was formally dissolves in 1923. Ruth Fischer met the Ukrainian Communist Arkadij Maslow with which she lived until the unexplained death of Maslow to Havana in 1941 whereas it awaited a visa for the United States.

In 1921, Ruth Fischer and Maslov belonged to the central committee of the German Communist party ( Kommunistische Partei Deutschland, KPD ). In 1924, following the setting well off H. Brandler, they were named leaders of the KPD with the downstream of Zinoviev. This period corresponds to a " Bolshévisation" party and with a complete opposition to the socialist party (SPD).

At the same time, Ruth Fischer was named " member candidate" executive committee of the International Communist ( Kandidatin of Exekutivkomitees DER Kommunistische International (EKKI) ). She was elected appointed with the Reichstag and appointed with the diet ( Landtag ) of Prussia.

Exclusion

As of the month of August 1924, Stalin and Boukharine ciritiquèrent deviationism " Ultra-gauche" " Group Maslow-Fischer" ( Gruppe Maslow-Fischer ). Ruth Fischer and a delegation of 7 members of the KPD was convened in Moscow in the month of August 1925 to meet Stalin. Ruth was placed with the Hotel Lux. She had access in the Kremlin where it could meet Zinoviev but one prohibits to him to turn over to Germany during 10 months.

During this period Arkadij Maslow was held for high treason in Berlin. September 1st, Ruth Fischer and Maslow were excluded from the Office of the Party as a " Zinoviesistes" and Ernst Thälmann took the direction of the KPD.

In June 1926, Ruth Fischer went back to Berlin and Maslow was released. In November, both were excluded from the German Communist party.

Ruth Fischer remained appointed with the Reichstag like independent Socialist until 1928.

March 9th, 1933, Fischer and Maslow left in exile to Paris. Ruth Fischer often returned visit to Trotsky, in exile with Barbizon.

In the month of August 1936, Ruth Fischer and Maslow were shown of Trotskisme and were condemned to death in absentia with the " Lawsuit of Seize" in Moscow.

In the chaotic atmosphere of the beginning of the war, pursued at the same time not the Nazis and the Communists, Ruth Fischer left in exile to New York and Maslow to Havana, on standby of a visa to join his wife. It was found inanimate in a street of Havana on November 21st, 1941 and died little of time afterwards.

Ruth Fischer launched out then in a denigration campaign of Communism. As from 1944, it published a news bulletin on the various stalinists activities. In 1948, its book " appeared; Stalin and German Communism".

In 1947, Ruth Fischer was principal witness for the prosecution during the hearing of his/her brothers Gerhart and Hans Eisler by the commission HUAC (commission of the Room of Representatives on the anti-American activities). Gerahrt Eisler was condemned to the prison and Hans expelled of the United States. He lived as a German Democratic republic. From 1955, Ruth Fischer was journalist political in Paris. She died in Paris in 1961. Its tomb is with the Montparnasse cemetery.

Publications

as a coll with Franz Weimann: Deutsche Kinderfibel. Berlin: Rowohlt, 1933.
Stalin and German Communism , Harvard University Near, 1948. Jahren)
Sexualethik of Kommunismus, Wien 1920, published under the name Elfriede Friedländer.

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