Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck

Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck , born with Deventer the October 31st 1761 and died in Amsterdam the February 15th 1825, is a Politician Dutch. He in particular was Large-boarder of the Batavian République between the April 29th 1805 and the June 4th 1806.

Youth and formation

Schimmelpenninck was born with Deventer from a wine merchant, resulting from a bastard line of the noble family of Gueldre, Schimmelpenninck. He studies in a athenaeum of Deventer then share, at twenty years, to study the Roman law and contemporary to the Université of Leyde.

An active patriot

He settles as a lawyer with Amsterdam in 1785. It Marie the August 26th 1788 with Catherina Nahuys. It is thanks to the relations of his wife that it could found the company Patriote Vaderlandsche Sociëteit . But the company is dissolved after the Prussian invasion of 1787 which restores the Stathouder Guillaume V of Orange-Nassau in its capacities. Many patriots exile themselves in France and in Belgium but Schimmelpenninck remains in Amsterdam where it founds with his friends a scientific company - actually patriotic - Doctrina and Amicitia . One finds within this company of other patriots of the first hour like Krayenhoff, Gogel, Goldberg or Wiselius.

The moderate one

With the invasion of the French troops of the general Pichegru in January 1795, Schimmelpenninck and Krayenhoff reverse the municipality of Amsterdam on January 18th. He selected as is appointed moderated by the fourteenth District of Amsterdam for the election of the first Batavian National Assembly ( Nationale Vergadering ) which meets starting from March 1st 1796. The moderate ones are not the single party of the National Assembly. She is dominated by the federalists, who want to preserve the federal organization of the Republic, and the unitarists, who want on the contrary to create a republic " one and indivisible" , on the French model. The moderate ones, although being favorable to the unit of the Batavian Republic, wish however to preserve an important autonomy for the provinces.

Schimmelpenninck is president of the National Assembly twice, between the 17 and the May 30th 1796 and between the 15 and the May 29th 1797.

He is appointed in the second National Assembly elected during the summer 1797, after the rejection by Referendum of a constitution project. He is however excluded from the assembly by the Coup d'etat of the January 22nd 1798 carried out by the general Daendels to the profit of the unitarists. Dissatisfied with the action of the government unitarist and benefitting from the coup d'etat from the 22 floréal in France, Daendels reverses the unitarists the June 12th 1798. Schimmelpenninck is on the front of the scene.

Ambassador

In 1798, it becomes Ambassadeur of the Batavian République in Paris to defend the interests of Batavie there. It is particularly filled with enthusiasm by the Coup d'etat of the 18 brumaire which carries Napoleon Bonaparte to the capacity to France. It represents the Batavian Republic with the negotiations of the Traité of Amiens during the winter 1801 - 1802. It is then sent as ambassador to London but returns in Batavie at the beginning of the summer 1803 after the resumption of the war with the the United Kingdom. In September, it goes back to Paris as ambassador.

The Large-boarder

Dissatisfied with the Batavian government, Napoleon i request in Schimmelpenninck at the end of 1804 to write a new constitution equipped with a strong executive, entrusted to Schimmelpenninck. The April 29th 1805, it is invested Large-boarder ( Raadspensionaris ) of the Batavian Republic. Before the Batavian Revolution, the large-boarder was the civil governor of the Holland. He actually became a man of straw of Napoleon. It seems that Schimmelpenninck accepted with back-plate this decision, considering that independence was always preferable with the annexation. It is assisted ministers and of a legislative Body of 19 members, the “Tops and Powerful Lords”, joined together month per annum. There too, it there a survival pre-revolutionist, this title was that carried by the representatives of the seven plain provinces with the General states. The large-boarder resides at the palate of Wood, close to $the Hague, and the government works with the Binnenhof. One of the most qualified ministers is the Secretary of State to Finances, Alexander Gogel. During its short presidency, great reforms were initiated, in particular in the tax field. Indeed, Batavie spends then the double of its receipts and the bankruptcy threatens. The Secretary of State Hendrik van Stralen introduces a reform of the school to support public education. In spite of promising results, Napoleon decides to replace Schimmelpenninck by his young brother Louis Bonaparte, who becomes the first king de Hollande under the name of Louis-Napoleon the June 5th 1806. Patient, almost blind, Schimmelpenninck withdraw political life. He however is made knight about the Union in 1807.

French senator

July 9th 1810, Holland is joined together with the France. Become French, Schimmelpenninck is one of six named Dutch the December 30th 1810 by Napoleon to sit at the Sénat. It thus becomes count of the Empire the April 10th according to. Napoleon also does it large-treasurer of the Ordre of the three Golden Fleeces.

Of return to the Netherlands

After the insurrection Dutchwoman and the establishment of a Kingdom of the Netherlands under Guillaume I {{er}}, the son of the last Stathouder Guillaume V, Schimmelpenninck sits at the Eerste Kamer, the first room of the Dutch Parliament between 1815 and 1820. He dies in Amsterdam the February 15th 1825.

The family

Of its marriage with Catharina Nahuys, it had two children: a girl and a son, Gerrit Schimmelpenninck, Prime Minister of the Netherlands in 1848. His/her brother, Gerrit, were provincial member of the assembly of the Overijssel between 1795 and 1798. He is also the grandfather of Rutger Jan count Schimmelpenninck van Nijenhuis (1821 - 1893), appointed with the Tweede Kamer and Minister for Finance between 1866 and 1868.

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