Rumanian grammar

Personal pronouns

Their variation:

With the 3rd person there are also the personal pronouns of only tonic form:

Those are felt like neutrals in the Moldavian speech, but like respectful in standard Rumanian.

With personal, the personal pronouns do not have dull forms and their use is not obligatory with the verb, because this one in general indicates the person by her ending. These pronouns in general are used where one employs the tonic French shapes, to highlight the person: Naked vorbesc franceza . (“I do not speak French. ”) - Have vorbesc franceza . (“Me, I speak French. ”)

With the genitive either there are no dull forms.

The genitive of the personal pronouns of first and second people is compensated by the possessive adjectives/pronouns, while that of the pronouns of third nobody of the singular is used in parallel aves the adjectives/possessive pronouns of third nobody.

The dull forms of dative semi , ţi , I , nor , VI , Li are used in front of a personal pronoun of dull form to the accusative: I its dat a ordin. (“One gave him an order. ”), Semi the dă astăzi. (“Il/Elle gives them today to me. ”)

Reflexive pronouns (only dull forms):

with the accusative: mă (“me”), you (“you”), (“”), (“us”), vă (“you”), (“”).
with the dative: îmi (“me”), îţi (“you”), îşi (“”), (“us”), vă (“you”), îşi (“”).

Attachment of the dull forms to the close words

The dull forms are very often used by eliding their vowel, in order to attach them to the close words. For certain pronouns this elision optional, is used only in the fast word, but not in the well articulated word. E.g.: Naked it/No pot suferi . (“I cannot feel it. ”). Other times, the elision are obligatory, as in French: My întrebat ceva . (“Il/Elle required something of me. ”)

There are cases where the vowel of the dull form is not elided, but binds to the following word, and the vowel of the pronoun and that with which starts the following word form a diphthong: vedem . , with the E of vocalic (“We see ourselves. ”), but -amndts văzut . , with the E of semivoyelle, forming a diphthong with the has amndt .

There are cases where the dull form of the personal pronoun sticks at the end of a word, for example with the negation: No one cunosc . (“I do not know it. ”) or with the verb with the participle: Am văzut-o . (“I saw it. ”). When the verb is with gerund, for the end of this one it is necessary to put the vowel of connection - U : Văzându-mă. (“By seeing me. ”), except in the case of the pronoun - O : Văzând-o. (“By seeing it. ”) If the close word is a verb, the pronoun with the same form that if it were not attached there.

Obligatory attachment with the verbs

Obligatory attachment between dull pronouns forms

The personal pronouns dull forms with dative (C.O.I.), on the one hand, and to the accusative (C.O.D.), on the other hand, are very often attached the ones to the others by elision or for a diphthong. Their order is always C.O.I. + C.O.D. Here possible cases of figure:

millet FAC - I do myself it
pregăteşte- semi-O ! - the-I prepares!
curăţindu- semi-I - by cleaning them to me
ţi-l dădeam - I gave it to you
ţi-o aprind - I light it to you
ţi-i prezint - I present them to you
it voi chema - I it will call him
i-o scot - I to him leave it
II trag - I draw them to him
the Nile împrumută - il/elle lends it to us
-O oferă - il/elle
offers it to us nor-I aduce - il/elle brings them to us
cheap repar - I you
your citesc repairs - I read it to you
vii cumpăr - I buy them to you
Li-L slip - il/elle theirs cuts
le-o construieşte - il/elle theirs built
Li-I arăt - I show them to them
şi-l îndoaie - il/elle yields it
şi-o pune - il/elle
şi-i agaţă puts it - il/elle clings them

The other combinations of pronouns C.O.D. and dull C.O.I are simple juxtapositions: I you prezint (“I present to you with him”), semi avoids (“it seems to me”), etc

Personal pronouns of courtesy

There are two pronouns, expressing two degrees different of courtesy:

Dumneata (personal), with the genitive-dative dumitale was in the beginning domnia your (“your seigniory”). Today it is employed in a neutral way rather in popular environments. Otherwise it is felt like condescending. It is a chief, for example, who uses it to speak with a subordinate, never the reverse. He addresses himself to only one person. Its plural merges with the following pronoun.
Dumneavoastră was in the beginning domnia voastră (“your seigniory”). It is more the pronoun of courtesy running, usable in all the situations. He addresses himself as well to a person as with several.

Reinforced personal pronouns

See too

Rumanian

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