Ruanruan

See also: Jouan

The Ruanruan (in Sinogramme 蠕蠕, Hanyu pinyin Ruǎnruǎn , EFEO Jouan-jouan , literally “insects grouillants”) were a confederation of tribes Nomade S of the septentrional borders of the China of the end of the 4th century until the end of the 6th century. Because one their tribes, the Hua (that they reflect with the head of the Ouïghours in 460), appeared later on in Europe under the name of Avars, coarse simplification according to which the words Ruanruan and Avars were synonymous is largely spread. The term Rouran (柔然) is a transcription in Chinese of the pronunciation of the name which the confederation gave itself to itself. Certain scientists think that the Korean pronunciation Yuyon is a more antiquated form and thus nearer to the pronunciation of origin. The terms Ruanruan and Ruru remained in the modern use although they were formerly pejorative. They derived of natures given by the emperor Taiwu (Tuoba CAT), of the Dynastie Wei of the North, which was not ethnos group han, which made the war in Ruanruan and tried to intimidate the confederation.

One knows few things of their leading elite, that the Weishu (delivers of Wei) quotes as a branch of the Xianbei. Ruanruan subjected the current areas of the Xinjiang, of the Mongolia, the Central Asia and the parts of the Siberia and the Mandchourie starting from the end of the 4th century. Their frequent interventions and invasions assigned the adjoining countries deeply. Although they admitted the Asena (ancestors of Ouïghours) in their federation, the capacity of Ruanruan was broken by an alliance of the Göktürks, Chinese dynasties of IQ of North and Zhou of North and tribes of Central Asia in the Années 560. The Chinese dynasty of Wei of North, for example, had established six principal garrisons at the border of Ruanruan, which became later on the hearths of revolt of the people autochthones against the sinicized people at the beginning of the 6th century.

External bonds

Chart of their empire

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