Royal medal
The Royal Medal (royal medal) of the Royal Society (British Academy of Science) was established by the king George IV. Its existence was extended, with evolutions under the conditions of attribution, by the king William IV and the queen Victoria.
History
In the beginning, this medal of money gilded struck with the effigy of the queen or the king, rewarded the most important discoveries for the previous year. This condition of duration was extended to five years, then brought back to three. To the come to power of Victoria in 1837, he was added cycle a three years, with the field of the Mathématiques rewarded one year out of three.In 1850, the conditions were again modified as follows:
… the Royal Medals in each year should important Be awarded for the two most contributions to the advancement off Natural Knowledge, published originally in Her Majesty' S dominions within has period off not more than ten years and not less than one year off the date off the award, subject, off race, to Her Majesty' S approval. … in the award off the Royal Medals, one should Be given in each off the two great divisions off Natural Knowledge. (the Royal Medals must be allotted each year for the two most important contributions in the field of the natural science published in the territories under the control of the queen during one time ranging between ten and one years before the handing-over of the reward. A medal must reward for work in each of two great divisions of the natural science).
At present three Royal, also known Medals under the name of Medals of the Queen , are decreed annually by the sovereign on recommendation of the council, two for the most important contributions in the field of the natural science (for each of the two great subdivisions) and the third in the field of sciences applied. To be rewarded, work must be carried out within the the Commonwealth.
List prizes winner
1826 to 1839
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1826 : James Ivory, John Dalton
- 1827: Davy Humphry, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve
- 1828: William Hyde Wollaston, Johann Friedrich Encke
- 1829: Eilert Mitscherlich, Charles Bell
- 1830: Antoine Jerome Balard, David Brewster
- 1831: -
- 1832: -
- 1833: John Frederick William Herschel, Augustin Pyrame de Candolle
- 1834: Charles Lyell, John William Lubbock
- 1835: William Rowan Hamilton, Michael Faraday
- 1836: John Frederick William Herschel, George Newport
- 1837: William Whewell, -
- 1838: Henry Fox Talbot, Thomas Graham
- 1839: Martin Barry, James Ivory
1840 to 1859
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1840 : Charles Wheatstone, John Frederick William Herschel
- 1841: Eaton Hodgkinson, Robert Kane
- 1842: John Frederic Daniel, William Bowman
- 1843: Charles Wheatstone, James David Forbes
- 1844: George Boole, Thomas Andrews
- 1845: Thomas Snow Beck, George Biddell Airy
- 1846: Richard Owen, Michael Faraday
- 1847: William Robert Grove, George Fownes
- 1848: Charles James Hargreave, Thomas Galloway
- 1849: Gideon Algernon Mantell, Edward Sabine
- 1850: Thomas Graham, Benjamin Collins Brodie
- 1851: George Newport, Earl off Rose
- 1852: Thomas Henry Huxley, James Prescott Joule
- 1853: John Tyndall, Charles Darwin
- 1854: Joseph Dalton Hooker, August Wilhelm von Hoffmann
- 1855: John Obadiah Westwood, John Russell Hind
- 1856: William Thomson, John Richardson
- 1857: John Lindley, Edward Frankland
- 1858: William Lassell, Albany Hancock
- 1859: Arthur Cayley, George Bentham
1860 to 1879
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1860 : Augustus Waller, William Fairbairn
- 1861: James Joseph Sylvester, William Benjamin Carpenter
- 1862: Alexander William Williamson, John Thomas Romney Robinson
- 1863: John Peter Gassiot, Miles Joseph Berkeley
- 1864: Warren of the Street, Jacob Lockhart Clarke
- 1865: Archibald Smith, Joseph Prestwich
- 1866: William Kitchen Parker, William Huggins
- 1867: William Logan, John Bennett Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert
- 1868: George Salmon, Alfred Russel Wallace
- 1869: Augustus Matthiessen, Thomas Maclean
- 1870: Thomas Davidson, William Hallowes Miller
- 1871: George Busk, John Stenhouse
- 1872: Thomas Anderson, Henry John Casing
- 1873: Henry Enfield Roscoe, George James Allman
- 1874: William Crawford Williamson, Henry Clifton Sorby
- 1875: Thomas Oldham, William Crookes
- 1876: C Wyville Thomson, William Froude
- 1877: Oswald Heer, Frederick Augustus Abel
- 1878: Albert Gunther, John Allan Brown
- 1879: Andrew Crombie Ramsay, William Henry Perkin
1880 to 1899
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1880 : Noble Andrew, Joseph To list
- 1881: John Hewitt Jellett, Francis Maitland Balfour
- 1882: Lord Rayleigh, William Henry Flower
- 1883: John Scott Burdon Sanderson, Thomas Archer Hirst
- 1884: Daniel Oliver, George Howard Darwin
- 1885: Edwin Ray Lankester, David Edward Hughes
- 1886: Peter Guthrie TAIT, Francis Galton
- 1887: Alexander Ross Clarke, Henry Nottidge Moseley
- 1888: Osborne Reynolds, Ferdinand von Mueller
- 1889: Thomas Edward Thorpe, Walter Holbrook Gaskell
- 1890: John Hopkinson, David Ferrier
- 1891: Arthur William Rucker, Charles Lapworth
- 1892: Charles Pritchard, John Newport Langley
- 1893: Harry Marshall Ward, Arthur Schuster
- 1894: Joseph John Thomson, Victor Alexander Haden Horsley
- 1895: John Murray, James Alfred Ewing
- 1896: Archibald Geikie, Charles Vernon Servant boys
- 1897: Richard Strachey, Andrew Russell Forsyth
- 1898: John Kerr, Walter Gardiner
- 1899: William Carmichael McIntosh, George Francis Fitzgerald
1900 to 1919
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1900 : Alfred Newton, Percy Alexander MacMahon
- 1901: William Thomas Blanford, William Edward Ayrton
- 1902: Edward Albert Schafer, Horace Lamb
- 1903: David Gill, Horace Taberrer Brown
- 1904: William Burnside, David Bruce
- 1905: Charles Scott Sherrington, John Henry Poynting
- 1906: Dukinfield Henry Scott, Alfred George Greenhill
- 1907: Ramsay Heatley Traquair, Ernest William Hobso
- 1908: John Milne, Henry Head
- 1909: Ronald Ross, Augustus Edward Hough Coils
- 1910: John Jolly, Frederick Orpen Bower
- 1911: George Chrystal, William Maddock Bayliss
- 1912: Grafton Elliot Smith, William Mitchinson Hicks
- 1913: Ernest Henry Starling, Harold Baily Dixon
- 1914: William Johnson Solas, Ernest William Brown
- 1915: William Halse Rivers Rivers, Joseph Larmor
- 1916: Hector Munro Macdonald, John Scott Haldane
- 1917: Arthur Smith Woodward, John Aitken
- 1918: Frederick Gowland Hopkins, Alfred Fowler
- 1919: John Bretland Farmer, James Hopwood Jean
1920 to 1939
- 1921: Frederick Frost Blackman, Frank Watson Dyson
- 1922: Joseph Barcroft, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
- 1923: Charles James Martin, Napier Shaw
- 1924: Henry Hallett Paves, Dugald Clerk
- 1925: Albert Charles Seward, William Henry Perkin Jr
- 1926: Archibald Vivian Hill, William Hardy
- 1927: Thomas Lewis, John Cunningham McLennan
- 1928: Robert Broom, Arthur Stanley Eddington
- 1929: Robert Muir, John Edensor Littlewood
- 1930: Owen Willans Richardson, John Edward Marr
- 1931: William Henry Lang, Richard Glazebrook
- 1932: Edward Mellanby, Robert Robinson
- 1933: Patrick Playfair Laidlaw, Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
- 1934: Douglas Edgar Adrian, Sydney Chapman
- 1935: Alfred Harker, Charles Galton Darwin
- 1936: Edwin Stephen Goodrich, Ralph Howard Fowler
- 1937: Arthur Henry Reginald Buller, Nevil Vincent Sidgwick
- 1938: Ronald Fisher, Francis William Aston
- 1939: David Keilin, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
1940 to 1959
- 1941: Ernest Laurence Kennaway, Edward Arthur Milne
- 1942: William Whiteman Carlton Topley, Walter Norman Haworth
- 1943: Edward Battersby Bailey, Harold Spencer Jones
- 1944: Charles Robert Harington, David Brunt
- 1945: Edward James Salisbury, John Desmond Bernal
- 1946: Cyril Dean Darlington, Lawrence Bragg
- 1947: Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
- 1948: James Gray, Harold Jeffreys
- 1949: Rudolph Albert Peters, George Paget Thomson
- 1950: Carl Frederick Abel Pantin, Edward Appleton
- 1951: Howard Florey, Ian Heilbron
- 1952: Frederic Bartlett, Christopher Kelk Ingold
- 1953: Paul Fildes, Nevill Francis Mott
- 1954: Hans Adolf Krebs, John Cockcroft
- 1955: Vincent Brian Wigglesworth, Alexander Todd
- 1956: Owen Thomas Jones, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin
- 1957: Frederick Gugenheim Gregory, William Vallance Douglas Hodge
- 1958: Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey
- 1959: Peter Brian Medawar, Rudolf Ernst Peierls
1960 to 1979
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1960 : Roy Cameron, Alfred Charles Bernard Lovell
- 1961: Wilfrid Large Clark, Cecil Frank Powell
- 1962: John Eccles, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- 1963: Herbert Harold Read, Robert Hill
- 1964: Francis William Rogers Brambell, Michael James Lighthill
- 1965: Henry Charles Husband, John Cowdery Kendrew, Raymond Arthur Lyttleton
- 1966: Christopher Sydney Cockerell, Frank Yates, John Ashworth Ratcliffe
- 1967: Joseph Hutchinson, John Zachary Young, Cecil Edgar Tilley
- 1968: Gilbert Roberts, Walter Thomas James Morgan, Michael Francis Atiyah
- 1969: Charles William Oatley, Frederick Sanger, George Edward Raven Deacon
- 1970: John Baker, William Albert Hugh Rushton, Kingsley Charles Dunham
- 1971: Percy Edward Kent, max Ferdinand Perutz, Gerhard Herzberg
- 1972: Wilfrid Bennett Lewis, Francis Harry Compton Crick, Derek Barton
- 1973: Edward Penley Abraham, Rodney Robert To carry, Martin Ryle
- 1974: George Edwards, Sydney Brenner, Fred Hoyle
- 1975: Barnes Wallis, David Chilton Philips, Edward Bullard
- 1976: Alan Walsh, James Learmonth Gowans, John Warcup Cornforth
- 1977: John Bertram Adams, Hugh Esmor Huxley, Peter Hirsch
- 1978: Tom Kilburn, Roderic Alfred Gregory, Abdus Salam
- 1979: Vernon Elect Cosslett, Hans Walter Kosterlitz, Charles Frank
1980 to 1999
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1980 : John Paul Wild, Henry Harris, Denys Wilkinson
- 1981: Ralph Riley, Marthe Louise Vogt, Geoffrey Wilkinson
- 1982: William Hawthorne, Cesar Milstein, Richard Henry Dalitz
- 1983: Daniel Joseph Bradley, Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg, John Frank Charles Kingman
- 1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen, Mary Frances Lyon, Alan Rushton Battersby
- 1985: John Hadji Argyris, John Bertrand Gurdon, Roger Penrose
- 1986: EA Ash, Richard Fraud, Rex Richards
- 1987: Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, Eric Denton, Francis Graham-Smith
- 1988: Harold Everard Monteagle Barlow, Winifred Mr. Watkins, GK Batchelor
- 1989: John Winnows, David Weatherall, John Charles Polanyi
- 1990: Olgierd Cecil Zienkiewicz, Anne Laura McLaren, Michael Victor Berry
- 1991: John Mason, Michael John Berridge, daN Peter McKenzie
- 1992: David Tabor, Anthony Epstein, Simon Kirwan Donaldson
- 1993: R Hill, Horace Basil Barlow, Volker Heine
- 1994: El Salvador Moncada, Eric H. Mansfield, Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar
- 1995: Donald Metcalf, Paul Mr. Nurse, RJP Williams
- 1996: RA Hinde, J Heslop-Harrison, Andrew Wiles
- 1997: Geoffrey Eglinton, John Maynard Smith, Donald Hill Perkins
- 1998: Edwin Mellor Southern, Ricardo Miledi, Donald Charlton Bradley
- 1999: John Frank Davidson, Patrick David Wall, Archibald Howie
2000 -
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2000 : Timothy Berners-Lee, Geoffrey Burnstock, Keith Usherwood Ingold
- 2001: Richard Gardner, Gabriel Horn, Sam Edwards
- 2002: Richard Peto, Suzanne Cory, Raymond Freeman
- 2003: Kenneth Johnson, John Skehel, Nicholas Shackleton
- 2004: James Black, Alec Jeffreys, Lord Lewis off Newnham
- 2005: Michael Fisher, Anthony Pawson and Michael Pepper
- 2006: Sir John Pendry, Sir Tim Hunt, David Baulcombe.
- 2007: James Feast, Cyril Hilsum, Divided into volumes Lindahl
External bonds
- Royal Medal on the site of Royal Society
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