Royal Gendarmerie of Canada

The royal gendarmerie of the Canada ( GRC ) ( Royal Canadian Mounted Organizes , shortened in RCMP in English) is at the same time the federal police of the Canada and the provincial police force of the majority of the province S. the French-speaking people often indicate it by the generic name of “assembled Police”.

The GRC is the only body police in the world to have mandates of application of the law to the international level, national, provincial and municipal but it is not the only police body of the country. In Ontario and with the Quebec, it is known as non-contractual and has the mandate to apply only the federal laws, because these two provinces have their own provincial body of police force. Elsewhere, it operates under contract to make respect the provincial laws in addition to the national mandate.

The GRC was made popular near the general public thanks to its action during the gold rush of the Klondike to the turning of the 20th century, with the cinema of Hollywood (with films such as Outpost off the Mounties (1939), Fighting Shadows (1935) and Clancy off the Mounted (1933)), and thanks to various tele emissions, of which in particular Direction: South ( Due South ) putting in the high-speed motorboat Paul Large.

Description

At January 1st 2007, the GRC employs approximately 24 578 people and her general headquarter is located at Ottawa. In its non-contractual role, it has several federal mandates, whose Interpol with the Canada, the various sections anti terrorist S, the protection of the Prime Minister of Canada, the protection from the ministers and Canadian dignitaries and abroad in visit, the sections of investigations and information on the Organized crime, the protection of the Canadian Ambassade S abroad, the prevention of crimes near Canadian youth, the police services on the reserves autochtones (Amerindian), etc Certains of these mandates are also applied in the eight contractual provinces and the three territories.

In its contractual mandate, in the three territories (Territories of the North-West, Yukon and Nunavut) and in eight provinces (Nova Scotia, Island-of-Prince-Edouard, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Colombia-British), it maintains stations local of Gendarmerie whose constables treat as well highway code as criminal investigations. One finds specialized centres in the Scientific police, fight to opiates, etc the GRC maintains on this level the close links with the municipal police services.

A special team, named the Carousel of the GRC , traverses Canada and offers an equestrian spectacle, recalling the first moments of her history. The Carousel of the GRC gives admirable representations in several countries, of which the the United States and the France.

The territorial organization of the GRC is Division, the word coming from its past quasi-soldier. Each division covers with few things close the borders of each Canadian province or territory. Each of 15 divisions of the Gendarmerie is directed by a commander, associated Commissaire, and is in general indicated by a letter of the alphabet (for example Division C is that of Quebec). Ontario comprises two divisions however: that for the national capital (Ottawa) and another for the remainder of the province. These divisions are gathered in four areas: The Pacific, the North-West, Center and the Atlantic. The GRC is under the direction of a Police chief and eight sub-commissioners, each one of the latter dealing with one of the following sections |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Police chief | 1 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Sub-commissioner | 8 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Assistant police chief | 25 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Principal superintendent | 58 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Superintendent | 159 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Inspector | 373 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Quartermaster-sergeant of the body | 0 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Quartermaster-sergeant | 7 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Quartermaster-sergeant of state major | 9 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Sergeant of staff | 788 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Sergeant | 1,716 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Corporal | 3,100 |- | xml: lang=" Fr-CA" | Gendarme | 10,666 |} The lower ranks of the police officers of the GRC originate in those of the Canadian Armée with the 19th century which was almost identical to those of the British Armée current. The higher ranks are rather inspired by the civil administration and increased of number or in importance with time as the police force increased its manpower. For example, the rank of Inspector was initially that of a Subaltern but it became that of a Senior officer.

The Inspectors and other senior officers are named by the General governor in council (the Canadian Council of Ministers). The warrant officers and the gendarmes train the majority of the personnel in the regional stations and their promotion is done by contest. The ranks are related to the sleeve of the uniform of pageantry but out of shoulder pad on that of the jacket of work or on the shirt. The special, auxiliary or student gendarmes carry distinctive badges of those of the regular police officers.

In addition to the regular police officers, one counts:

63 special gendarmes;
2.400 auxiliary gendarmes;
2.978 civil members;
4.626 civils servant.

Civil members

The civil members do not have the capacities of officers of peace and are engaged for their expertise. They are found finds in:

Scientific police :

Technical :

Digital fingerprint
Instrumentation
Documentation
Electronic Counterfeit
Firearm
Data-processing
Communications
Telecommunications

Administration :

Public relation
Administration
human Resources
Translation
Technical police

History

May 23rd, 1873, the North West Mounted Police (assembled Police force of the North-West) is founded by sir John A. Macdonald, father of the Canadian Confédération and Prime Minister of Canada. The name selected was more descriptive of its role than the name of North West Mounted Rifles (assembled Fusiliers of the North-West) suggested in an original manner and succeptible attracting the antagonism of the Amerindians and the US government. The NWMP was to apply the law in the Territoires of the North-West (then including/understanding the Alberta, the Saskatchewan, a good part of the Manitoba and the Nunavut), to establish friendly relations with the First Nations (Amerindian) and to open the grounds with colonization.

Its creation and deployment were made necessary by the merchants of American Whiskey who encroached on the Canadian territory, causing problems and driving with a massacre in the area of Cypress Hills. On a suggestion of one of its ministers, Macdonald ordered that the force is vêtue of red, very British, for good to differentiate them from the blue of the American troops. The NWMP was organized like a British unit of cavalry in regiments and maintains still certain today of these traditions.

After the First World War, a change of vocation was essential for the NWMP because the Canadian West had become a zone of farms rather than Amerindian territories. It amalgamated with the Dominion Organizes the 1920 to become the royal Gendarmerie of Canada . Its new role is since to see with the respect of the Canadian federal laws through the country: smuggling, drug, anti-terrorisms, etc, similarly with American FBI. Except with the Quebec and in Ontario, they is also rented like police force to make respect the law in the nonurban zones.

Go towards the West

Ordered by the colonel George Arthur French, the first troop of the NWMP started from Strong Dufferin, in Manitoba, on July 8th, 1874 in direction of what today is Alberta. It included/understood 22 officers, 287 men (divided into constables and under-constables), 310 horses, 67 coaches, 114 charriots with oxen, 18 ox attachment, 50 cows and 40 calves. The tour was consigned in the newspaper of Henri Julien, an artist sent by the Canadian It News for immortaliser the event.

The walk towards the West of this quota was very important for the establishment of the central capacity on these distant territories close to the American border (the parallel 49^ème). If it had not been a success, the visions of colonization would have been delayed several years. Moreover, it opened the south of the Prairies to the passage of the transcontinental train in construction by the the Canadian Pacific which would have differently more last in north by the already known areas along the Northern Saskatchewan river, passing by Prince Albert (Saskatchewan), Battleford (Saskatchewan) and Edmonton. Its success allowed the passage of the train more close to the border, giving an economic reason to the creation of the cities like Brandon (Manitoba), Regina (Saskatchewan), Moose Jaw, Swift Current, Medicine Hat and Calgary thus pushing back the expansionism American.

The first activity of the troop, once returned, was to organize the sale of whiskey and to maintain the agreements with the Amerindian tribues. One bench various stations and the officer in load of each station was named officer of justice giving him the capacities to hold short of justice compared to the infringements made in his territory. This structure brought a stability and a direction of unknown justice in the American territories more to the south. Moreover, the accent carried to make respect the rights of the autochtones attracted the respect of the latter and at the time of the American campaigns of the army against the Sioux in 1876, Sitting Bull its men thus took refuge in the south of Saskatchewan. James Morrow Walsh, which was in load of the area of Wood Mountain for the NWMP, entered in agreement with Sitting Bull in order to help them and both became good friends.

The first permanent base, the Division Deposit , was established on the spot of the first camping in 1874, that is to say with the site of the current city of Regina. The base was officially founded in 1885. The Division Deposit is used today as camp of drive, basic and of site of improvement for all the members of the GRC. It is about the only training center for the basic drive for the GRC.

In the Years 1880, the NWMP is seen entrusting the mandate to help the Canadian Armée with mâter the rebellion Métis on the grounds which are the Saskatchewan today. The Rébellion of the North-West ended in the defeat of the Mongrels to the Bataille of Batoche, the May 12th 1885. The chief of this one, Louis Riel is kept by the NWMP and is judged by a court which condemns it to hanging. He is carried out the November 16th 1885.

Klondike

In 1894, the inspector Charles Constantine of the NWMP is sent to Yukon to inquire into a sudden surge of minors and alcohol merchants. In his report/ratio, he correctly predicts a gold rush and urgently recommends the sending of a quota of the NWMP to ensure the sovereignty of the territory and to collect the customs duties. He is returned the following year with twenty men. When the rush of Klondike occurs in 1898, him and its famous successor Sam Steele makes the race of the kind of it the most civilized history.

The NWMP ensured not only the respect of the laws but also perceived the customs and seen the good being prospectors. The NWMP did not manage to exert a control at the point of unloading of the runners with Skagway (Alaska) and thus decided to put its check-point at the top of the Col of Chilkoot which leads to Yukon. One exiga inter alia the prospectors bring a ton of goods of all kinds for their survival, which prevented the famine, one inspected all the wherries used to go up the Yukon river in order to make sure of their safety and one created the " Blue ticket" (blue ticket) in order to expel the undesirable ones. One however tolerated a certain amount of illegal activities, like the play and the Prostitution, to keep peace.

It is ironic to think that the Canadian Parliament discussed dissolution of this police force at the same time and that they are the prospectors who allowed him to continue by giving him a world reputation.

Change of mandate

Before 1903, the activities and the jurisdiction of the NWMP are especially close to the American border in what will become the Canadian Meadows. This year, the NWMP sees its manpower deployed towards the coast of the Canadian Arctic. In 1904, the title " Royal" is added in the name of the organization to become the Royal North-West Mounted Police (RNWMP). In 1905, it receives the jurisdiction on the remainder of Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1912, one also finds it in the northern part of Manitoba. It remains faithful to its system semi-soldier.

After the First World War, it is seen like a remainder of the 19th century. In Canada in process of industrialization of the 20th century, the RNWMP is dedicated to the extinction, is replaced by urban or provincial police force. The government however decided to link it with the Dominion Organizes , a police force originally created for the protection of the members of Parliament and become in 1911 the equivalent of the RNWMP for the East of Canada. Fusion gives the royal Gendarmerie of Canada the 1920, an federal police responsible for the National security which will keep the majority of the organisational and visual characteristics, of which the uniform of parade, of the RNWMP.

Other new mandates were added in the Années 1920, that is to say the fight with opiates, the assistance to various national agencies like the monitoring of the borders and the deportation of the illegal immigrants. In 1932, the maritime section of the GRC was created, starting from the integration of a section of the Ministry for returned, to patrol the coasts and to collect the customs. One then bought the goélette Saint Roch which made it possible to patrol the Arctic. It is the first vessel to cross the Passage of the North-West of the west towards the east (1940-42), the first to do it in only one season (1942) and the first to be sailed around the North America (1950). Moreover, of his role of maintenance of law and order, one also gave him those of agency of Against-espionage against the incipient communist threat. This supporting role will attract several criticisms during the following decades to him since the GRC put at espionner not only people of the Communist party but the trade unionists and other people of left, without too many controls of his activities. This service forms initially part of the section of the criminal investigations but becomes a section with whole share in 1939 under the name of Security service of the GRC .

Less glorious episodes

According to preserving philosophy of time, in 1919, the RNWMP had been used for mâter the general strike of Winnipeg and its police officers had drawn in crowd, killing two strikers and by wounding thirty. The new GRC continued to be used at the time of other conflicts during the Années 1930 marked by the working Grande world Depression and claims. One thus notes the death of three minors with Estevan (Saskatchewan) in 1931, the violent repression of the Marche towards Ottawa of Regina (Saskatchewan) in 1935 making two dead: a police officer of the police service of Regina and a demonstrator. The GRC employed besides special constables for this kind of repression and even formed at the end of the years 1930 a militia, the Legion off Frontiersmen (Legion of the borders), to assist it where necessary. The special constables became later the police force in the airports of national jurisdiction and certain provincial courts.

The GRC was also charged with the application of the law on the Indian schools which forced Années 1920 with 1960 the children Amerindian S with becoming boarders in schools assimilatrices.

At the end of the Second world war, the tensions between the West and the Soviet Union is not made wait. An employee with the decoding of the Soviet embassy to Ottawa, Igor Gouzenko, request asylum with the Canadian government in 1945 and reveals the existence of a spy network through the country. The Security service of the GRC receives the mandate then to filter the subversive elements in the Canadian public office. What started as a research of the infiltrated elements was extended to the setting with the variation of homosexual in 1950, illegal act at the time considered as a weakness and a possible means of blackmail by the KGB. A machine with detection of homosexual, using as premise the detection of the dilation of the pupils of a subject exposed to stereotypes of naked masculines, was even developed. After four years, the results were not convincing and its stopped use. Many civils servant in spite of were very returned for this reason.

During the Années 1960, the rise of Québécois nationalism leads to the formation of the Front of release of Quebec (FLQ) which preach independence by the violence and with the formation of legal independence parties like Rassemblement for national independence (RIN) and the Parti Québécois (PQ). The Security service of the GRC being implied in the fight with terrorism, it tries inflitrer not only the legal FLQ but also parties until in the Années 1970. Its infiltrated agents make illegal acts as the fire of a barn while making pass the act like coming from the FLQ and encourage members of the FLQ to make terrorist acts. Other agents steal the lists of members of the PQ. The Service will be dissolves in 1984, following the recommendations of the MacDonald commission which had inquired into these intrigues, to be replaced by the Canadian Service of the information of safety (SCRS) under supervision of a civil listener.

Thereafter, a very serious problem of communication between the Canadian Service of information of safety (SCRS) and the GRC ruined the prevention and the investigation into the attacks of Air India of 1985. Recently, its police chief Giuliano Zaccardelli had to resign because of his problematic testimony in the Affaire Arar, Canadian of Syrian origin that the American authorities off-set in Syria following information of the GRC and who was tortured there, like for his doubtful management of the pension fund of the GRC.

Arrival of the women

The police chief of M.J. Nadon announced on May 23rd, 1974 that the GRC would start to consider the female applications as a police officer. The GRC incorporated the first thirty-two recruits in its service on September 16th in Troop 17 of the school of Regina. The first class finished its course on March 3rd, 1975. 1981 see the first woman raised with the rank of corporal and the first woman to be taken part in the Carousel of the GRC. In 1987, it is the first posts abroad for a woman and in 1990 the ordering first of station. In 1992, one names the first senior officer and in 1998 the first Police chief assistant. From December 15th, 2006 to August 10th, 2007, Beverly_Busson is Commissaire temporary of the GRC whereas it is replaced by William J.S. Elliott. It is the first housekeeper of the GRC.

Recent drama of the GRC

March 3rd, 2005, four young members of the GRC are assassinated. The detachment of the GRC of Mayerthorpe (to 130 kilometers in the North-West of Edmonton (Alberta) offered of the assistance in a suit at law brought to recover a good. At the time of their visit on the spot, the agents discovered a score of seedlings of Marijuana. The four members of the GRC remained on the spot to keep the incriminating evidences were assassinated by the owner who committed suicide then.

Distinctions

Members of the GRC illustrated themselves with personal capacity in the Guerre of Boers, the First World War and the Second world war:

of the members of the NWMP took a leave without balance to form the majority of the second battalion of the Canadian Mounted Rifles (CMR) and part of the regiment Lord Strathcona' S Horse during the War of Boers. The CMR being distinguished during the engagements, the king Edouard VII granted the title " Royal" with the NWMP on June 24th, 1904.
during the first world war, a squadron of volunteers of the RNWMP was useful in France with the Canadian Light Horse starting from August 6th, 1914. Two others were added in 1918, the first in France and Flandres, the other in Siberia.

During the first two world wars, the GRC was in load of the monitoring of the camps of internment of those and prisoners of war in Canada of the citizens of enemy origins (Japanese, Italian, German). The GRC also formed a quota of police force for the maintenance of law and order in the Canadian troops during the Second world war.

Still today, and this since 1989, the GRC took part in more than 35 missions of the the United Nations. Its work consists in promoting peace and safety in the world and reinforcing the international efforts to restore the order, while collaborating with the local police services in the countries in the catches with conflicts or the threat of conflicts. In particular, a quota takes part in Haiti in the formation of the national police force.

Military honors

Since its formation under the name of NWMP, the GRC is a police service but with a status semi-soldier. As such, the GRC is regarded as a Régiment of dragons and can carry bars and standard S obtained in military service since 1921. Its first standard goes back to 1935 and most recent comprises the distinctions mentioned below. As a regiment, the GRC took part in the Couronnement of George VI of the United Kingdom in 1937 with the King' S Life Guard .

The NWMP/RNWMP/GRC received the military distinctions for:

Rebellion of the Mongrels (Canada) 1885
War of Boers (South Africa) 1900-02
First World War: France and Flandres 1918, Siberia 1918-19
Second world war: Europe, 1939-45

And honorary distinction:

Escutcheon of the Body of the Canadian military Police force

Uniform

Traditional

The GRC is recognized for its uniform of parade, consistent in a red jacket with gilded buttons called Red Serge (inherited the British red coats ), equestrian pants navy blue with yellow line on the side external of the leg (blues), a hat Stetson on broad board, a long pair of leather boots brown called High Browns and a belt cross-belt of brown leather called Sam Brown .

The uniform came originally from the stores of the Canadian militia and comprised several alternatives, according to the militia of source, but was quickly standardized. Blue shoulder pads were added during the years 1920 after having obtained the title " Royal" , replacing scarlet shoulder pads on gilded board. The pants were initially Chamois but the members of the NWMP often exchanged with the American troops along the border and the blue color of pants used now could come from there. The yellow band is another British tradition. The police officers of row lower than inspector carry blue gorgerins stylized on the collet. The senior officers have a full blue collet and handles ending in blue points.

The NWMP carried at the beginning the Tropical helmet English which was not very practical in the daily life. The members thus adopted cover-chiefs on broad board to patrol, those offering more protection against the sun and the elements. Sam Steele is often credited for the introduction with the hats with style Stetson . It was however officially adopted only in 1904 but already one contigent of the NWMP to the diamond jubilee of the Reine Victoria carried this cover-chief and the members of the Lord Strathcona' S Horse of the War of Boers used it. In 1873, the boots were black and the belt was a bouble girdles balls without cross-belt since the rifle was the usual weapon.

Modern

Its uniform of work is, for the provinces with contract, the gray shirt, the blue tie sunk, the pants navy blue with an yellow line on the side external of the leg, the boots of black, the jacket avoid-ball, a blue jacket with open collet in Gore-Tex and a regular cap. The belt of work comprent a Teargas in aerosol (containing Poivre), a telescopic stick, pairs of shackles and an handgun of the type Smith & Wesson Modèle 10. The gray shirt is replaced by white and the jacket is more formal for the senior officers. In winter, hotter boots, Cardigan S and helmets in furs are added to the basic uniform. As a Colombia-British, the hat comprises a black band in skin of bear. March 15th, 1990, Baltej Singh Dhillon, an officer Sikh obtained the right to carry a Turban to the colors of the GRC instead of Stetson in spite of certain protests of the public.

In the non-contractual provinces, the police officers of the GRC will carry the uniform of work when they are destined for functions of gendarmerie as the patrol of the borders. However, the majority of them will be equipped as a civilian their work is the investigation, the protection of the dignitaries, etc the specialized sections also have a suitable clothing.

Formation

To become a gendarme of the GRC, it is necessary to satisfy the following basic requirements: to be Canadian citizen, to usually speak one or the other about the two official languages about Canada, to be titular of a Canadian diploma of secondary studies or the equivalent, to have a driving license Canadian valid and without restriction, to be 19 years old at the time of engagement. The candidates for the GRC must pass a battery of test then psychological and physical to evaluate their aptitudes in connection with the work of police officer. One also passes their past to the fine comb and one makes them undergo a test with the Polygraphe in order to eliminate the doubtful candidates.

Once accepted for formation, they are sent to training center of Regina (Saskatchewan) where they undergo a daily physical drive which comprises to go to the step, of jogger between the courses or to exert the police tactics of defense, to make pumps with repetition, to run on a distance of 6,5 km, to climb nine flights of stairs, and more. They receive courses on the police techniques, the laws and payments, the handling of the firearms, the control of police vehicles, police public safety and, the discipline and the tactical drive. The whole occurs between 6:15 and often late the evening during 24 weeks.

Transport

The GRC has its own air service, having like mission of finding and of developing the tools and the technical expertise allowing the members of first line and the partners to prevent the crime and to inquire into this one, to apply the law, to counter terrorism and to work in a sedentary environment. The fleet of the air service of the GRC includes/understands a Piaggio P180 Avanti, three Cessna Caravan, six Cessna, two Twin Otter, four Hélicoptère S Bell 206, four Eurocopter ACES 350B3s and thirteen Pilatus PC-12.

The service of surface transport of the GRC has an impressive fleet of motor vehicles. Vehicles such as the Ford Crown Victoria, the Chevrolet Impala, the Chevrolet Lumina, the Chevrolet Whim, the Chevrolet Camaro, the Chevrolet Cubic Van, the Chevrolet Suburban, certain models of SUV Land Rover, the Ford Mustang, the Ford Forwarding, the Ford To explore, the Ford Cubic Van, the Ford Post Command, GMC Jimmy, GMC Van, GMC Yukon, GMC Whim, unquestionable model of motor cycles Harley Davidson , the Volkswagen Beatle and Pt Cruiser, these the last two vehicles being reserved for the Community and advertizing activities. All the vehicles are of propulsion type with driving V8 (modified vehicles). The GRC uses nearly 8.677 vehicles terrestrial, standardized (35%) and not-standardized (65%).

The GRC has also a service of navy having like principal tasks to see with the application of the law on the customs and the excise, of the law on the merchant marine of the Canada and other federal laws, and to proceed to certain rescue operations. The service of the marine of the GRC has at present a fleet of five patrol craft of more than 9,2 meters length, that is to say one on the east coast Canadian and four on the west coast. All the boats of patrol are provided with a Radar and electronic instruments of navigation and the most modern data processing.

The fleet includes/understands in particular the patrol craft Inkster (a fast Catamaran in Aluminum of 19,75 meters), the Nadon , the Higgitt , the Lindsay and the Simmonds (of the fast patrol boats of type Catamaran, long 17,7 meters and being able to reach a top speed of 36 knots thanks to their two engines diesel D2840 LE401 V-10 Man of 820 HP either 831 CH) and the Stikine (a boat of 13,72 meters out of glass fiber been driven by two engines diesel Volvo TAMD70E of 300 HP (or 304 ch) and being able to reach a maximum speed of 23 knots).

In addition to the patrol craft, the Gendarmerie has and uses 377 smaller boats at various places with the Canada. One includes in this category all the boats of less than 9,2 m length, since the transportable boats and boats on the roof of a car to the pneumatic boats with rigid hull and at the very stable semi-out-edges of commercial manufacture. The interior water ships are used in the general investigations and the investigations connected to the application of the Law into the merchant marine of the Canada, of the Payments on the small buildings, the Law on Convention concerning the migratory birds and of various other federal laws or provincial.

See too

the GRC and civil liberties in the years 1970

External bonds

official site
anglophone site of storing to the effigy of the bilingual GRC
site of the Center Inheritance of the GRC

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