Royère-of-Vassivière

Royère-with-Vassivière is a common French, located in the department of the Creuse and the area the Limousin.

Its inhabitants name Royérauds and Royéraudes.

Geography

Situation

Located at the south of the department of the Digs, with the crossroads of the Lakes Vassivière and from Lavaud-Gelade, the commune of Royère de Vassivière extends on more than seven thousand hectares.

The communes bordering are: Beaumont-of-Lake, False-the-Mountain and Gentioux-Pigerolles in the south; Peyrat-the-Castle and Saint-Martin-Castle in the west; Saint-Pierre-Bellevue, Saint-Pardoux-Morterolles and the Monteil-with-Viscount in north; Saint-Marc-with-Loubaud and Saint-Yrieix-the-Mountain in the east.

Composed of a principal borough accommodating all the services and trade, the commune includes/understands thirty five villages of which some are of Anciennes communes of Hollow the, distant, for some, of ten kilometers of the borough, for a total population of five hundred and eighty three inhabitants. These villages are: Verdinas, Roudersas, High-Faye, Mazure, Prugnolas, Andaleix, Rochas, Arpeix, Rubeyne, Vincent, Lascaux, Arfeuille, Cloup, Jansanas, Vergnolas, Feix, Jansanaetas, Mazeau, Villards, the Farmhouse, Baubier, Picq, Langladure, Border Them, Auzoux, Châtaignoux, Auchaise, Vaux, Leyris, Orladeix, Villecros, Masgrangeas, Chassagnas, Soumeix and Vauveix.

Description

Commune of medium mountains with eight hundred and thirty and one meters with the signal of the village of Picq, where is the project of the Wind farm of Cassini; it forms integral part of the Plateau of Millevaches, of the site of the Lac of Vassivière in the Limousin and of the Regional natural park of Millevaches in the Limousin. It is besides on the signal of Picq that Cassini establishes a station enabling him to work. The Chart of Cassini or Chart of the Academy is the first general chart of the kingdom of France. It would be adapted more of speaking about Chart of Cassini, because it was drawn up by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Cassini IV) at the 18th century.

The Granite of which the basement is made up finds in the architectural heritage by recalling that the history of the country passes by that of the “Masons Of Hollow”. The big spaces primarily occupied by the forests of coniferous tree (Fir tree Douglas and spruce) as well as leafy trees (Oak, Beech, Birch, Chestnut) are favourable with the excursions (with foot, with horse, in VTT and mechanized).

Hydrology

Two principal rivers cross the commune: Maulde and Thaurion.

- The Maulde which takes its source between the lake of Forgery and Gentioux-Pigerolles, is thrown in the Lake Vassivière close to the peninsula of Broussat, then arises on the level of the dam Vassivière with Royère. Two brooks of the commune: the Langladure and the Tourtoulloux (also called Buze) are affluents of Maulde. Langladure has a 15 km length. On its course the mill of Langladure is installed, Water mill of the 18th century. But it is a windmill which is announced on the Carte of Cassini of 1760. It is right after having accommodated water of Langladure that Maulde becomes the Cascade of Jarrauds in the joint commune of Saint-Martin-Castle. Tourtoulloux, the brook of the Peak and Rio Fourtou gather with 500 meters of Compeix. They form the Cascades of Augerolles. They traverse 4 kilometers 650 while passing beside Augerolles then of Saint Pardoux Morterolles. Tourtoulloux then will be thrown in Maulde beside the Mill of the Age.

After a course of 35 km, Maulde throws itself in the Vienna

- The Thaurion or Taurion takes its source beside Saint Martin Château. It passes in the Lake Lavaud-Gelade then in the Rigole of the devil which is part of Thaurion. The Drain of the Devil is located between Monteil at the Viscount and Royère, it extends on 2 kilometers. The brook of High Faye, brook of the commune, is an affluent of Thaurion. Then Thaurion moves towards Bourganeuf. It passes beside Chatelus-le-Marcheix and from Saint Martin's day Terressus. Lastly, it is thrown in Vienna with Saint-Priest after a course of 125 km.

Landscapes

Peat bogs

Royère presents many peat bogs on its territory. A Tourbière is a ecosystem very original, fragile, a wetland characterized by the progressive accumulation of the peat, a ground characterized by its very strong content of organic matter mainly vegetable, little or not broken up. This characteristic makes peat bogs of the Puits of carbon.

Fauna poor and is very specialized: the viviparous Lizard, the Pipit farlouse, the Viper adder which profits from a statute of protection partial in the list of the decree of July 22nd, 1993, the Circaète Jean-le-Blanc ( Circaetus Galicus ): it is a bird, diurnal Rapace of the family of the Accipitridae. Its silhouette resembles that of a gross Buse. Its wings and its tail are broad and its belly is clear while its chest and its head are darker. It nourishes almost exclusively Serpent S.

With regard to the flora, one finds many species rare of which all species of Droséra.

Drills

August 1st

Climate

The Hollow one is subjected to a oceanic climate more or less degraded with the image of its relief which varies from 200 with 900m north in the south.

For the plate of Millevaches, it is a wet climate degraded by reliefs of medium mountains which are the first obstacle with the disturbances coming from the Atlantic. Very abundant precipitations. Snowfalls significant and holding on the ground. Low temperatures, controls by the relief. The plate knows nevertheless beautiful tepid days (thanks to an inversion of temperature), whereas they are poor elsewhere in the valleys.

Economy

agriculture and the breeding hold an important place, the commune having made since many years the choice of quality and soil: bovine breeding of the race Limousine, caprine breeding, Organic farming, production of red small fruits…

the Die wood : the forest covers one the third of the Limousin area. It is a considerable natural resource. It is primarily about a new forest containing Oregon fir intended to provide sawlog for the traditional transformation (sawing, joinery, frame…). “Glazing bar” are used them as wood of industry, transformed into agglomerate, paper pulp, pallet…

Country holidays and cultural : the Limousin is the area of France which profits from the best quality of air and its water of river is very pure. Natural landscapes of forests, rivers, lakes, moors, scrap-metals allure tourists more and more.

These visitors are accommodated in multiple structures: hotels, restaurants, lodgings, rooms of hosts, camp-sites…

A project is carried by the Association of the Wind farm of Cassini. The objective is to establish wind on the watershed going from the Signal of Picq (Royères) in Puy of Prade (Compeix).

History

Rovaria in 626, Rouyere in 1580, Royère in 1650, Royère de Vassivière in 1968. (Source Zénon Toumieux 1891)

Antiquity : the history of Royère-of-Vassivière undoubtedly began at the time Gallo-Roman, as still certain vestiges testify some. Zénon Toumieux mentions in its work “Royère: Formerly and Today” of 1886, the vestiges of a Roman Camp. In the same way, it announces many traces of fortifications intended to supervise and control the ways of the valleys.

Baronnie de Peyrat at the 13th century: about 1260, at the time or the Viscount of Aubusson and the Comté of Walk were joined together, one dismembered of it a part in favor of Guy de Lusignan brother of Hugues XII. This dismemberment included/understood a rather vast territory with Nedde and Peyrat in the higher valley of Vienna, Bourganeuf and Pontarion on Taurion, Royère between these two rivers. The new owner, at least his successors under the name of barons de Peyrat, hommagèrent directly in Alphonse, count de Poitiers, so that their field, through all his vicissitudes, from now on was regarded as an enclave of the Poitou in the full Limousin . At the time of the Revolution, this enclave of Bourganeuf (or wedges interior) measured: 72000 hectares of surface.

XIVe and XVe centuries : for this period, France and England clashed at the time of many conflicts, intersected with more or less long truces. It is the Guerre One hundred Year old, which in fact lasted 116 years (1337 to 1453). At that time, according to Zénon Toumieux, the borough of Royère was grouped around 2 castles, one which belonged to the lord of Aubepeyre, the other which, according to any probability, was the property of the Baron de Peyrat. The first castle bore the name of Turn of Royère, in fact it was acted of a house with a tower which disappeared with the passing of years. The second castle, true fortress was to be located at the place says “the Motte”. This castle had to be destroyed during the one hundred year old war. When English besieged and took the castle of Monteil, they had already destroyed that of Peyrat: Royére depended since 1260 on the baronnie on Peyrat, they had to make him undergo the same fate. It is as at that time as in Walk as in all Europe the Black Death prevails, which will decimate a third of the European population.

Royère and the French revolution : in the Registers of grievances of Royère, he is in particular asked the Equality by a new distribution of the royal sizes; the nobility and the clergy must also be imposed. Any contribution of taxes must be sitted on the goods and not on the people. The law of December 14th, 1789 establishes the uniformity between the cities and the campaigns, and given between the hands of a Maire, assisted of an elective council, all the capacities municipal. Denis Coutisson of Vincent was the first Mayor of Royère. The department of Hollow was created on March 4th, 1790 pursuant to the law of December 22nd, 1789, primarily starting from the old province of Walk. 19th century : as in all the communes of the department, much men every year in the big cities left on the building sites the building to be made engage as mason, carpenter, roofer… Thus they became builders of Cathedral. In 1624, they built the dam of the La Rochelle, in the XIXe century, they took part in the construction of the Paris of the baron Haussmann. Initially temporary from March to November, the emigration became final: thus the Hollow one lost half of its population between 1850 and 1950 . One finds in the book of Martin Nadaud “Memories of Léonard”, the description of this exodus which so strongly marked the lifestyles.

20th century : the dialect the Limousin was until the 16th century the official language of the area. The Limousin remains the dominant oral language until the beginning of the 20th century, time as from which French takes the top. One still finds the trace of the Occitan the Limousin in many patronyms and place names. The language also left its trace in turnings of sentences (limousinisms) of Limousins, like in their accent.

The War of 1914-1918: the human losses rise to 8 million dead and 6 million invalids. France was the country more touched, proportionally: 1,4 million killed and missings, is 10% of the male active population. This bleeding is accompanied by a deficit of the births. For Royère, 141 names are registered on the war memorial. Among them, Felix Baudy, born in Royère on September 18th, 1881, shot for the example with 34 years, its company having refused to set out again with the attack. He was rehabilitated in 1934.

During the second world war , the Maquis of the Limousin was one of largest and active maquis of France. Georges Guingouin played a leading role in French Resistance to the head of this maquis. The area was deeply marked by the 99 hung Tulle and the massacre of Oradour-on-Glane in June 1944 following the unloading in Normandy and of the passage of the the 2nd division S Das Reich.

In 1950 , the Lake Vassivière is created upstream stopping EDF. It feeds the factory Hydro-électrique of Mazet. The first vocation of the lake, was transformed into a beautiful asset for Limousin tourism. It is into 1968 that Royère, on the initiative of its Mayor Doctor Ferrand, became Royère de Vassivière.

Demography

As of the the Middle Ages, the creusois emigrate towards the big cities. In all the villages the men often leave in the trades the building March at November. Some settle definitively in these cities. At the 20th century, the War of 1914-1918 ten-per-cent tax a generation and marks the acceleration of the depopulation of the campaigns. After the Second world war, the campaigns limousines, and even the cities continue to depopulate itself and the average age increases without stop. From 1851 (287 000 inhabitants) at 2005 (123 000 inhabitants), the department lost more half of its population. Royère does not derogate from this evolution.

But at the beginning of the 21e century, and contrary with all the forecasts, the area knows a demographic renewal. Admittedly, it is a very limited, but historical phenomenon: in 5 years, the Limousin gained some: 14000 inhabitants while passing from: 710939 inhabitants in 1999 with: 725000 inhabitants in 2005. This tendency is confirmed in 2006, which did the one of the regional newspaper the Popular one of the Center, the Wednesday, May 31, 2006: “New baby-boom”.

The main causes of this revival are the arrival of British and Netherlanders attracted by gravitational prices of house, pensioners in search of nature and students having finished their studies. Since now ten years, the phenomenon touches also the rural areas, especially those which, like Royère, promote tourism says “green” and/or located along the main roads of circulation (for example has 20 in the Limousin and has 75).

The census of 2005 always reveals for Royère a reduction in the number of inhabitants, as for the department in addition, but that Ci would be certainly more important without the contribution of this new immigration. Concerning the Limousin, if the Hollow one loses population, High Vienna and Corréze gain some.

=Cassini source and INSEE

Administration

The area

The the Limousin is one of the 26 French Régions made up of the three departments Corrèze, Creuse and High-Vienna. Located almost entirely on the Massif Central, at January 1st 2005, it gathered: 724243 inhabitants on close to: 17000 km ². Its inhabitants are called Limousins.

Jean-Paul Denanot is President of the District council of the Limousin since 2004.

The district

Royére belongs to the 2nd district of the Hollow one. That Ci is made up of the cantons of: Ahun, Aubusson, Auzances, Bellegarde-in-Walk, Boussac, Chambon-on-Voueize, Châtelus-Malvaleix, Chénérailles, Courtine, Crocq, Évaux-the-Baths, Felletin, Gentioux-Pigerolles, Jarnages, Pontarion, Royère-with-Vassivière, Saint-Sulpice-the-Fields.

The deputy of this district is Mr. Jean Auclair of the UMP. He is in addition Maire of Cressat and Membre of the General advice of the Hollow one, (Canton of Ahun).

The department

The department was created with the French revolution, the March 4th 1790 pursuant to the law of the December 22nd 1789, primarily starting from old the province of the Marche. Its inhabitants are called Creusois.

The general advisers are elected within the framework of the cantons for one duration 6 years. Into Hollow, there are 27 cantons and thus 27 general advisers. The latter elect in their center the President of the General advice of the Hollow one. Since 2001, it is Jean-Jacques LOZACH, general adviser of Bourganeuf, which is the President.

The Canton of Royère-of-Vassivière comprises 7 communes: The Monteil-with-Viscount, Royère-of-Vassivière, Saint-Junien-the-Bregère, Saint-Martin-Castle, Saint-Moreil, Saint-Pardoux-Morterolles, Saint-Pierre-Bellevue. The elected general adviser is Bernard LABORDE (PS), born in 1942 and in addition Maire of Saint-Pardoux-Morterolles. To the General advice, he is 3rd vice-president in charge of the Social action and medico-social and Member of the Commission Social action and medico-social.

The Community of commune

Royère de Vassivière belongs to the Community of Bourganeuf-Royère Communes. That Ci gathers 20 communes: Auriat, Bosmoreau-the-Mines, Bourganeuf, False-Mazuras, the Monteil-with-Viscount, Mansat-la-Courrière, Masbaraud-Mérignat, Montboucher, Royère-of-Vassivière, Saint-Amand-Jartoudeix, Saint-Dizier-Leyrenne, Saint-Martin-Castle, Saint-Martin-Holy-Catherine, Saint-Moreil, Saint-Junien-the-Bregère, Saint-Pardoux-Morterolles, Saint-Pierre-Bellevue, Saint-Pierre-Chérignat, Saint-Priest-Palus and Soubrebost.

The objectives of the inter-commune policy are: economic development, improvement of the habitat, safeguarding of the natural heritage and development of the cultural heritage, maintenance and reception of the populations and the economic activities.

The commune

August 1st

Sports and leisures

With the Lake Vassivière, it is the first pole of leisures and sport of the area in the middle of a preserved and undulating nature of moors and heathers, with in particular 45 kilometers of shore, five supervised beaches, all the activitées nautical ones (Water skiing, veil, fishing…) and nature (VTT, excursions, stroll with back of ass, horse, Champignon S…), of varied lodgings (hotels, campsites, rooms of hosts, lodgings .....).

The Fishing with Maulde and Thaurion, rivers of first category which make the happiness of the fishermen, who also do not hesitate to tease pike or carp over the Lakes Vassivière (thousand hectares) and Lavaud-Gelade (three hundred hectares).

The Hunting with a hunting for the current dogs and in beaten.

Many animations with the borough in 2007 The Tuesday the 3rd, 10, July 17th, 24th and 31st and 7, August 14th, 21st and 28th: the traditional market will be animated. July 14th: fireworks (Commune) with fallen the night which will make following the presentation of the crews of the enduro quad organized by the VCTT. Usual place (Place Pierre Ferrand). On the spot also restoration (Orga. VCTT) 12/14/August 15th: Of August 15th celebrates with on August 12th: plays intervillages, August 14th: sporting day (contest of game of bowls, pedestrian race) and finally on August 15th: secondhand trade all the day, procession of tanks, torchlight procession, fireworks). fun fair three days. December 3rd: 7th Market of Christmas of 10:00 to 20:00 versatile room (to lunch dancing, animations, come from the Father Christmas around 5 p.m.).

Finally Royére belongs to the Plate of Millevaches. By decree of May 18th, 2004 was created the Regional natural park of Millevaches in the Limousin which extends on 113 communes, covers a surface of 300.000 hectares and account 38.000 inhabitants. This classification in particular makes it possible to take actions aiming at preserving the richness of the natural environments of the plate (for example, peat bogs).

Culture

Places of spectacle and animation

The workshop located on the place of Mayade, offers a multitude of activitées cultural: concerts of music, festival of data base in partnership, day of animation on a particular topic… It became the meeting place impossible to circumvent of the plate of Millevaches with in addition to animations, its bar brewery and its shop of local products and the world. Association Emile has a Cow takes an active part in the workshop while taking charges with them the programming with the concerts and the organization of the Days Editions and Cartoons Independent.

On the island of Vassivière, is the National center of Art and the Landscape, conceived by the Italian architect Aldo Rossi, which shelters exposures of contemporary artists. It is made of two buildings, one in the shape of hangar and the other in the shape of headlight. In addition the Park of sculptures, outside, accommodates each year of works of artists of the whole world.

Places and monuments

; The Lake Vassivière: It is the most important water level of the the Limousin with its 976 ha. The stopping at the origin of the creation of the lake, was built between 1947 and 1950.

; Church German Saint: A diploma of year 626 speaks about Rovaria Monasterium , which one would be wrong to translate by monastery of Royère and which means moûtier or church of Royère.
This church thus has remote origins. The current building completion date of the 13th century or rather of the 14th century. The porch and the bell-tower which surmount it appear to date from the 15th century. Bays of the bell-tower in Gothic arch as the door of access with two Curve S, of the posts and the capitals decorated with cabbage sheets could come from the old bell-tower. On the face of the bell-tower, above the door, a carved stone carries the ecu of Comborn (two busy lions). The Community of Brothers served the Church since the year 1491.

; The Fountain of Cérès: It is located on the place of Mayade, vis-a-vis the Church German Saint. It is one of the fountains built in 1871, in order to mitigate the problem of water of the commune. It consists of a circular stone basin of size. The Goddess, out of bronzed cast iron, surmounts a granite column where heads of lion offer the water of the fountain. It is the Cérès Goddess who learned how to the men art to cultivate the ground, to sow, collect the Blé and to make Pain of it

; The cross of Magadou or the Mound: This granite cross is remarkable. In a rhombus Christ in cross fits, with the reverse, the Virgin and the Child and with her feet, a resting place for the coffins. She dates from XVIe or the 17th century.

; The Drain of the devil: Dug by the Thaurion or can be by the Diable even, it is to him a tumultuous river strewn with rock blocks, very appreciated site of the hikers, trout fishermen and storytellers: The Drain of the Devil.

Language

Until the 16th century, the Limousin is the official language, it belongs to the family of the languages of Oc, dialect of the unit Occitan (beside the auvergnat, of the Languedocien, the Gascon and of Provence).

It is the language of the troubadours (trobadors in occitan, of trobar=trouver it topic, the rhyme… -). The Limousin remains the dominant language until the beginning of the 20th century. Then French takes the top, in particular with prohibition to speak the occitan at the school. The Limousin thus as of the years 1930 is relegated little by little to the most rural zones, where she is still spoken, but especially by the natives limousins of more than 60 years. It thus tends to disappear completely.

One also finds a significance occitane in many patronyms and the majority of the toponyms limousins. The language especially left its trace in turnings of sentences (limousinisms) of Limousins, like in their accent.

Personalities related to the commune

Zénon Toumieux was born in 1832 in Royère and died in 1906 in this same commune. Between 1863 and 1897, he exerted the functions of elected official as mayor of Royère and adviser of district. He was also notary with Royère. Impassioned local history and of sylviculture, Zénon Toumieux studies the history of Royère and also works on the genealogy of large the family of the commune and the seigniories local. He writes many works among which: “Some families of Royère” in 1883 and “Royère formerly, today” in 1886. This last was republished in 2OO4.

Felix Baudy . This Soldier with 63e IH, 5th Co, is a Soldat shot for the example on April 20th, 1915 with Flirey, following the collective refusal of his company to go back to the attack, on April 19th, of the peak of Death-Pond (600 died in three days). Rehabilitated in 1934, this militant of the General confederation of work of the bricklayer's mates had been born on September 18th, 1881 in Royère. Three other hairy was shot with Felix Baudy: the soldier François Fontanaud of Montbron in Charente, the corporal Antoine Morange of Champagnac-the-River in High-Vienna and finally the friend of Felix, Henri Prébost born with Saint-Martin-Castle and which was him also mason with Villeurbanne where he lived.

Camille Benassy was born on February 25th, 1887 with the Monteil-with-Viscount and deceased on May 26th, 1958 with Royère-of-Vassivière. He was in particular Maire of Royère during 30 year old meadows, but also: mayor of Aubusson, socialist deputy of Hollow, principal private secretary of Ludovic-Oscar Frossard (public Minister for Labor), principal private secretary of Albert Rivière (Minister for the pensions then war veterans) in the Government Leon Blum (1).

Pierre Ferrand was born on March 19th, 1913 with the Salt box (Hollow) and deceased on January 25th, 1996 with Guéret (Hollow). He will be appointed of 1956 to 1958 then Maire of Royère of 1958 to 1989. Its name is attached to the creation of the Lake Vassivières. There remains one of the craftsmen of the tourist development of the sector, of which he chaired the inter-departmental trade union lasting of many years.

Gastronomy

The Kitchen limousine and more particularly the kitchen creusoise are characterized by the adaptation to a rather poor soil, from where often simple but delicious dishes.

The Flognarde is a kind of Clafoutis, not very thick cooked in a large mould. The Gâteau creusois is a pure dessert butters with hazel nuts, speciality recent of the Hollow one. The Gâteau of potatoes is more traditional and is declined with or without meat according to the area and the practices of the housewife.

See too

Internal bonds

the Lake Vassivière
the List of the deputies of Hollow the

External bonds

Royère-of-Vassivière on the site of the national geographical Institute
Royère-of-Vassivière on the site of INSEE
Localization of Royère-of-Vassivière on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Royère-of-Vassivière on Mapquest
Seen by satellite
Official site on the schools on the Canton of Royère de Vassivière

Random links: