Rosheim

Rosheim (Alsatian: Rose ) is a common French, located in the department of the the Low-Rhine and the area Alsace.

Its inhabitants are the Rosheimois .

Chief town of canton, centers wine on the Wine trail of Alsace, the small town is rich of a past and an inheritance exceptional which were worth the nickname of “Romance city to him”, or “city with the pink” in reference to its heraldic emblem.

Etymology

Evolution of the name: Rodasheim , 778; Rodesheim , 1364; Roszheim , 14th century. The name of Rosheim is composed of the suffix - heim , is appeared with the occupation then colonization with the S of part of the Alsace by the German ones and meaning “residence, hearth, dwelling, home” and in the past “fatherland of a tribe”, preceded by the paléo-European root RAT (“cut punt”) which was used to indicate the action “to cut through a path by removing the vegetation” and by extension concept of rotation (cf French “road”, English “road”, Latin “rota”, German “Rad”, like what pay to the concept of “network, Latin ray”, “radius”). One can thus find in the étymon Rosheim the direction of habitat on the road . The name refers to the prehistoric road of the foot of the the Vosges. After the contraction of Rodesheim in Rosheim , paronymous attraction of the German “pink” Rose . As a complementary explanation, root RAT/ROT and a legend suggest a possible place of pre or protohistoric worship to the sun.

Geography

Altitude 190 m; Paris to 450 km; Strasbourg to 25 km; Obernai to 7 km; Molsheim to 7 km.

Tally physical

The agglomeration of Rosheim occupies a broad western/south-western directed small valley - is/north-eastern belonging to the geomorphological whole of the under-Vosgean hills. Limited to north by the reliefs of Westerberg (vineyard, alt. 300 m), in the west by the Vosgean buttress of Eichwald (forest alt. 350 m), in the south by Bischenberg (orchards, vineyard, forest, alt. 361 m) which is one of the rare under-Vosgean hills not to be not connected to the the Vosges, this small valley open towards the plain in the east and are prolonged until Innenheim. The Talweg is occupied by Rosenmeer, brook partly channeled increased third of water of Magel since the 15th century at least, affluent of Ehn with Innenheim. The northern slope of the small valley, on which the medieval establishment of the downtown area caused several important topographic modifications (fills, earthworks), goes up overall soft inclined to the vineyard and stiffens slightly beyond. The southern slope, northern side of Bischenberg, is as for him more abrupt. The commune extends beyond Eichwald until Grendelbruch, thus having a forest large surface. The round of applause of the commune thus includes/understands the three types of Alsatian landscapes: the plain, hills under-Vosgean, the Vosgean forest.

Communications

The small valley of Rosheim communicates naturally with the plain of Alsace in the east, with Boersch and the foot of the Mont Sainte-Odile in south-west, with Rosenwiller, Gresswiller and the valley of the Bruche in the North-West. So today Rosheim is excentré of 3 km compared to the main axis of communication of Piedmont of the the Vosges, the wine trail (D 35) which crosses the city right through roughly takes again the protohistoric road alignment of Piedmont. This transverse main street also continues until Eichwald, obstacle before the valley of Magel crossed by the Steig (“gone up”). Finally the communication with the valley of the Beetle by Rosenwiller and Gresswiller is not active any more today, but it was it largely with the Moyen-âge and previously.

Roads

D 500,2x2 ways, connection Dorlisheim (has 352) - Niedernai (has 35), exchanger of Rosheim.
D 35 (Wine trail of Alsace), connection exchanger of Rosheim D 500 - Orschwiller.
D 207 worms Bischoffsheim (Rosheim connection - Nordhouse).
D 604 worms Grendelbruch.
D 435 worms Rosenwiller.

Rail

Station the SNCF on the regional line Strasbourg - Molsheim - Sélestat, to 2 km of the downtown area; two interurban bus stops the SNCF: Park, Maison of childhood. 10 daily connections since Strasbourg or Sélestat.
unused Line Rosheim- Saint-Nabor, in service until in 2002 within the framework of the exploitation of the careers of Saint-Nabor. The old station of Rosheim-City was demolished in 1976.

Urban structure

The motorist crossing or stopping little time with Rosheim will at first sight have the impression of a city-street. D 35 (avenues of the Station and Leclerc, street Charles-of-Gaulle, road of Grendelbruch) constitutes major axis indeed structuring city. However the observation and the discovery of the urban morphology of Rosheim attenuate this impression. Until the Second world war, a brook channeled, simply indicated of Bach or seen like a deviation of Rosenmeer, skirted to open sky almost the entirety of the main street in its crossing of the old city; it is underground today. Rosheim is consisted of the intramural historical center whose external urbanization began really only with industrialization in second half of the 19th century, of suburbs of the beginning of the 20th century, of residential districts (allotments) and four zones with economic vocation.

Historical center

Crossed in a coarse diagonal by the main street, the old city, built slightly with the northern upstream of the Thalweg, is historically divided into three sectors: a circular, strengthened and bored central core of 2 always existing doors ( Zittgloeckel and carries school), qualified Mittelstadt ; the low city in the east of this core, called Niderstadt ; the city high in the west, Oberstadt , the most important sector on the surfaces viaire and built, which was subdivided with the Moyen-âge in two districts, one in north, the other in the south of the main street. The external enclosure, including these three sectors and marrying their limits, had a form coarsely rectangular, opening of three doors of which two always exist (carries low known as “of the Virgin” or “from Strasbourg”, carries Lion towards the vineyard and Rosenwiller); there remains the east coasts and south of this rampart. The structuring of the network viaire is articulated compared to the main street, with the old properties colongères and the limits imposed by the two enclosures and their old ditch.

Mittelstadt

The core, which marks the old possessions of Hohenburg then Hohenstaufen and whose habitat was formerly much denser, constituted as of the Moyen-âge the administrative center of the city. It shelters:

the Romance church Saint-Pierre-and-Paul,
the Meyerhof , old dependence of Hohenbourg today in ruin,
the Town hall and the old prison (today seat of the community of communes),
the Well with six buckets,
the Laube (old butcheries and house of justice, today cantonal House of tourism),
Markets,
the school Hohenbourg (old building of the royal lender, 1708),
the old barn dîmière (street of Dîme),
the Treasury.

The place of November 26th was formerly occupied by several buildings; its outlet, the street Braun, sinue in the core to constitute the third and last resulting and to succeed of it to the door of the Lion; the remainder of the core is composed of dead ends whose entry was formerly often surmounted porches of which there remains sometimes the trace (street of Dîme, street of the Angels). A topographic anomaly, true hanging garden, at the bottom of the streets of the Angels and Bakers lets think that a rather important construction, perhaps strengthened, could occupy the north-western angle of the core. In the same way, the “cave of Doors” being next to the bedside of the Romance church is pressed on the vestiges of a medieval construction which could also be strengthened. The Mittelstadt is girded by the streets of the Lion and the Marne, corresponding to the turn of the old ditch (the enclosure is always visible in several places, in particular in the street of the Marne).

Niederstadt

Limited to the west by the street of the Slaughter-house, the Mittelstadt and the street Braun, the lower city has, in addition to the main street, only one street which crosses it right through, the street of the Bonnets, in the north of the main street (left northern constituting the essence of the surface of the Niederstadt ). Several administrative centers medieval owners were located there as for example the influence testifies some to the school of the Ramparts. Rich person middle-class houses vestiges of the end of the Middle Ages are in particular visible with the bottom of the street (dead end) of the Scissors like to the corner of the street of the Corner. To the south of the main street, some short dead ends go down to the external rampart.

Oberstadt

It is the development of an increasingly important urban core around the old church Saint-Etienne, stronghold episcopal until the 13th century which justified the parallelepipedic extension of the whole of the city to the 14th century. The morphology of the network viaire, which the majority of the axes leave perpendicular to the main street to lead to the limit of the medieval enclosure, testifies to the realization of a true urban project in the middle of the Alsatian Middle Ages; is it about the initiative of the Hohenstaufen, an imperial plan or a strictly local reflection? The files are dumb on this subject. The street of Tisserands, with the current bedside of the church, would be the ultimate vestige in the modern network viaire of the original borough of the “Saint-Etienne village”. One can suppose that Rosheim set up its interior enclosure as of the attribution of its statutes of city, then, passing thirty or fifty years later with the statute of imperial city, member of the Décapole, it planned his urbanization (perhaps according to a preexistent plan) while carrying out the external enclosure. Though was the origin, the network viaire of the Oberstadt structure morphologiquement this piece of city in true districts inside which one finds several houses more or less preserving the trace of chainings of angle at embossings, indicating the high social status of the medieval owner. The whole of the west coasts and north of the enclosure were demolished to fill the ditch; the Clemenceau avenue follows the layout from there, prolonged in the east by the avenue Foch (where the rampart external and one of its turns are always visible). The high city shelters

the church Saint-Etienne,
the synagog (the old Jewish district was located in the Netter streets and of the Deportees),
the Romance house,
the Saint-Jacob Hospital (formerly located behind the Romance house),
the monastery of Bénédictines of the Blessed Sacrament
the nursery schools Eggestein and Holy-Marthe,
the village hall.

The southern circumference, around the fairground, had an industrial calling during the 20th century (Schlumberger/Théalec, Câbleries of Alsace-Lorraine) and is the subject currently of an important reorganization with the realization in particular, in 2007/2008, of

the elementary school of Rosenmeer, called to replace the Hohenbourg schools and of the Ramparts,
the Josselman media library.

Localities and variations

Bildhauerhof (towards Mollkirch): hamlet of origin anabaptist.
Bruderberg (towards Bischoffsheim): place of pilgrimage with vault.
Westerberg: hill in the north of Rosheim, vineyard.
Leimen (in the western north of the city): planted orchards and vines.
Fischhutte (valley of Magel): holiday and fishing, on Magel.
Purpurkopf (valley of Magel): conical mount of form crowned of a pertaining to worship and/or military complex protohistoric.
Verloreneck (valley of Winterhalde): shelter of the Vosgean Club and field of megaliths created and arranged in 1997.
Schwartzkopf: culminating point of the round of applause of Rosheim (842 m).
Waltenhausen (towards Bœrsch): site of a disappeared village.
Wisch (agglomeration of Rosenwiller).

Communes bordering

History

If the site of Rosheim lent itself very early to a permanent human occupation, the appearance and the development of the culture of the Vigne on this site played a crucial role in the history of the “Romance city”. This fact indeed explains the obstinacy of the various houses, laymen or nuns, to preserve or extend their possessions in and around the locality, thus leading to tie over twelve centuries the hank of a history whose richness seems almost disproportionate compared to the peaceful aspect of the current city. The wine of Rosheim was appreciated very early, and was used even as means of defense for the inhabitants of the beginning of the 13th century, during what one called the “war of the cellars”.

Origins

The site of Rosheim has testified to an uninterrupted occupation for 7000 years as the many archaeological discoveries carried out around the current city attest some. The big number of sources, now dried up, a fertile ground, wooded areas, a position of choice on the road of Piedmont of the the Vosges, constituted as many factors favourable with the installation of the man on this site. The density and the abundance of the discoveries make it possible to regard the site rosheimois as a major site of the Neolithic (5500 with 2500 av JC) in Europe. If the excavations, primarily made with the periphery of the current agglomeration, do not have until now step which been able to clarify the occupation pre and protohistoric medieval urban site, they nevertheless revealed the presence of a village to the foot of Bischenberg in direction of Bœrsch, of a furnace and an artisanal activity at the entry of the small valley of Rosenwiller, vast necropoles towards the plain attesting of the existence near an important human community. A terra cotta statuette as well as many objects of everyday usage in bone, horn or pottery also testify to this occupation of the site to the Neolithic and the Chalcolithique. Vestiges of the Bronze Age (1800 with 725 av JC), age of Iron (725 with 50 av JC) and Gallo-Roman time were put at the day. Lastly, of the vestiges Mérovingiens allow to attest the occupation of the site at that time.

The Middle Ages

It should be specified that the major part of the medieval files that the city in an arched stone room preserved carefully, disappeared during the damage caused by the Thirty Year old Guerre like following the revolutionary disorders (S). The vestiges archivistic, which come in fact often of other funds, are nevertheless sufficiently significant to make it possible to give an account of the development and the operation of the city to the Middle Ages. The appearance of Rosheim in the History goes back to a charter from 778, under the name of Rodasheim, during a sale of goods realized by the abbey of Fulda. One finds then the hard copy of Rosheim only at the 11th century, within the framework of the Saint Germanic Roman Empire.

A coveted site

At the 11th century, Rosheim includes/understands two parishes, and practically two boroughs grouped around the Saint-Etienne churches for what will become the city high in the west, Saint-Pierre for the medium-sized city and low in the east. The city is divided between religious establishments (Hesse, High-Pail, Hohenbourg), the bishop of Strasbourg (Saint-Etienne church) and the families noble of which several then set up true economic and administrative centers. Most important of the lords at the 11th century is the convent of Hohenbourg (Mont Sainte-Odile). Towards 1050, the Alsatian pope Leon IX confirms the three quarters of the dîme of Saint-Pierre and the right to name a candidate with the curia with the abbey of Hesse in Lorraine. Several owners use even forgery to confirm or ensure their fields. This land complexity testifies to the importance attached to the site and the town of Rosheim during all the Moyen-âge.

Village with the statute of city: the decisive role of Hohenstaufen

In 1132, the city is destroyed by a fire. The low city and the high city are rebuilt, probably thanks to a financial contribution granted by the Hohenstaufen, future emperors of the Saint Germanic Roman Empire, which, as guards of the convent of the Mont Sainte-Odile, supports the rise and the independence of several village communities, of which Obernai and Rosheim where the influence of the convent was important. This policy will allow Frederic Barberousse and the Hohenstaufen to better establish their power in Alsace. It is at that time that is high the current Saint-Pierre-and-Paul church, built between 1145 and 1167. The rights of the Hohenstaufen to Rosheim exceed nevertheless the jealousy of their enemies of which the bishop Conrad II of Hunebourg which makes set fire to the city in 1197. First half of the 13th century sees nevertheless the Hohenstaufen making sure of suzerainty on Rosheim. Frederic II manages to negotiate with the bishop of Strasbourg the transfer in stronghold of the seigniory on all the men who depended on him (the bishop exchanges some obtains that of Saverne). But of many conflicts persist, in particular with the abbess of Hohenbourg which, little by little, loses ground vis-a-vis the party assisted by the emperor, like with the duke Thiébaut of Lorraine, conflict which culminated with the war of the cellars in 1218 (a military delegation Lorraine come to occupy the city was massacred in the cellars where the inhabitants had invited the Lorraine ones to drink of their wine) and, a little later, the punitive forwarding of the emperor to the Lorraine ducal castle of Amance where Thiébaut was captured. Rosheim reaches the statute of city in 1267 at the latest, confirmed by the seal of 1286 which will be used thereafter to authenticate the emitted acts. It obtains also the right to set up a stone rampart. The imperial capacity going weakening, Rosheim enjoys a certain autonomy more and more.

The free city of Empire

Rosheim is quoted in 1303 as being an imperial free city and, in 1354, it forms, until in 1679 with nine other cities an alliance of mutual aid made necessary by the weakening of the imperial capacity and the difficulty for the towns of of assuming only the defense of their interests: it was the League of the ten imperial free cities of Alsace which one called later the Décapole. The Rosheim, smallest of these cities, had the same statute then as Mulhouse or Colmar. In 1366, the emperor gives to Rosheim the right to obtain statutes and to perceive fines intended partly for the construction of the enclosure. Rosheim can develop the infrastructures which enable him to grow rich.

Government

The government of the city was composed of:

four Bürgermeister (burgomasters) which took turns each six-month period (each quarter at the 18th century) with the head of the city. They took up this duty with life. That which was in function chaired the Council, held the keys and the seal, managed municipal finances, made the necessary decisions with the administration of the community (assembling silver and wine sizes, maintenance of peace inside the agglomeration, mobilization in the event of war) and took up duties of justice (the companions were to be to him presented, the announced foreigners of passage). Morning and evening the policeman ( Ratsbott ) came in his residence to take the orders. In addition it intervened in the economic affairs by taking care that the offered products with the inhabitants are of good quality. To insult was severely punished, but it was to act as well as possible of the interests of the city and its inhabitants, to maintain their privileges and their freedoms. The important decisions were made with the assistance of the Council after vote.
the Council ( Rat ) trained of twenty members, renewed per half each year, where, beside the four Bürgermeister and of the middle-class men, the nobility had his particular representation. The election of the new advisers was made by the old ones to which the Masters of corporation ( Zunftmeister were added; one does not know the exact number of corporations to the Middle Ages), eight representatives, which one is unaware of the process of designation. The Cooptation was thus in force in Rosheim as in the other Alsatian cities at the end of the Moyen-âge. To note that Rosheim accommodated the corporation of the ménétriers until in 1434, date on which the lord of Ribeaupierre obtained the patronage of the corporation whose seat passed to Ribeauvillé (where is held since the traditional festival of the ménétriers).
the Parliament of the middle-class men of the city (the Menige , known as the Klöpff because it met in the sound of the bell) whose members were each year to lend oath; on this occasion the citizens promised to pay the taxes that the public property will impose and to endeavor to live in good mutual agreement. This assembly was especially consulted at the time of situations of exceptional gravity, and did not bring together all the inhabitants, those being distinguished between middle-class man ( Burger ) and churls ( Sassen ) (administration being very looking on the right of middle-class). According to the statutes, the not-middle-class men, or “churls”, are held to maintain their house and to run in the event of riot. The companions must be presented to the burgomaster regent and cannot be sent to the guard unless being middle-class and paid. The foreigners are seen with much mistrust.

Defense and fortifications

At the 14th century the urban structure is organized in three sectors: Mittelstadt , city of the medium where one finds, in addition to Saint-Pierre, the Rathaus (house of the council); Oberstadt , city higher including/understanding Saint-Etienne than the west; Niederstadt , city lower than the east. The erection of an enclosure was for Rosheim of vital importance as well for its safety as for the maintenance of its row and its quality. One is unaware of the exact chronology of the construction of the stone walls, it seems however that the construction of the rampart girding the core of the Mittelstadt preceded that by the external rampart, including the entirety of the agglomeration. One can suppose that the city was definitively strengthened towards 1370 approximately. Defense was ensured by the middle-class men themselves. They ensured, on the ramparts and downtown, the guard, charges to which they could not be concealed, the policeman marking of a cross the door of that it did not find at his place at the time of his turn of duty. The drive with the shooting (crossbow then Arquebus) was essential; the ground of exercise ( Schiessgraben ) was located at some steps of the fortifications in the north of the city. Rosheim does not have never seems it necessary the use of soldiers of trade for his defense.

“Flayers”

At the end of the War One hundred Year old, whereas a lull is made in France after the war between Armagnacs and Burgundian, of the French troops resulting from the Armagnac party, led by the dolphin of France, the future Louis XI, charged (subject to remuneration of the States thus disencumbered) with carrying out out of the kingdom the bands with “truck drivers”, i.e. the companies of weapons left without balances and living plunders, cross the plain of Alsace since the south to fight against bands known as of Schinder (“flayers”) but while being paid on the inhabitant and by making many fixed prices, gaining themselves the sad nickname of the “flayers”. They occupy the smallest city, and most vulnerable of the ten imperial cities of Alsace which had not opposed resistance to them, during one year, of 1444 in spring 1445, and make of it the general headquarter of their forwardings in the area, which will be worth in Rosheim a long enmity on behalf of the town of Strasbourg.

The War of the peasants and the rise of the 16th century

The Bumpkins of the country revolt (Guerre of the peasants) are led inter alia by old Schultheiss of the city, Ittel Jörg, which, in 1525, failed of in its attempt to seize the city little, thanks to the mediation of the Josselman rabbi. The 16th century is one period relatively prosperous. The corporative system is well developed. The emblems of the corporations of bakers, wet coopers, farmers, wine growers are always represented on many carriage entrances and corner posts.

The Thirty Year old War and the annexation with the kingdom of France

The War Thirty Year old (1618 - 1648), in which the Saint Germanic Roman empire tears and implose in ceaseless at the same time denominational and territorial fights, constituted largest and the most tragic test which Rosheim knew, whose existence even was a time threatened. This period can be regarded as hinge in the history and the evolution of the city. After this war whose it will put generations to be raised, Rosheim will not be any more for a long time the proud city independent of the end of the Moyen-âge.

The bag of the city by Mansfeld

The Défenestration of Prague in 1618 starts the hostilities between the catholics of the Sainte League led by the duke Maximilien Ier of Bavaria and the Protestants of the evangelic Union directed by the Elector Palatine Frederic V. This one, which had accepted the royal crown of Bohemia of the hands of revolted, is overcome the November 28th 1620 with the Bataille of the White Mountain by the catholic armies of the emperor Ferdinand II carried out by the general of Tilly. The remains of the insurrectionary army gather behind Ernest de Mansfeld and flee towards the Palatinat, pursued by the troops of the general of Tilly, threatening the Alsace directly. Ernest de Mansfeld intended to create a field on the possessions of the Habsbourg in Alsace including the ten imperial cities. The threat is quickly concretized: Lauterbourg, episcopal city, is taken the November 28th 1621, Haguenau, capital policy of the Décapole, is held to ransom the December 3rd, and is occupied the 30. The January 15th 1622, Ernest de Mansfeld requires the loan of 100.000 guilders by the town of Rosheim to avoid to him being burned, but Rosheim, on the council of the solicited interlocutors with Strasbourg, does not take action pursuant and Ernest de Mansfeld must turn over in the Palatinat. The imperial administration benefits from the absence of Ernest de Mansfeld to install a garrison in the city (two companies of infantrymen during ten weeks, one of riders during four weeks) which is withdrawn little before the return of Ernest de Mansfeld at the end of June, after the Bataille of Höchst. This one returns indeed to Haguenau on July 1st 1622 accompanied by the Elector Palatine Frederic V, of the duke Christian of Brunswick and a troop of 30.000 famished men. The July 2nd, they install their general headquarter with Eckbolsheim and directly threaten Obernai in front of which they are the 4. Obernai capitulates the July 7th after three days and three nights of violent one engagements.

If Obernai is the first target of the Protestants, Rosheim is requested simultaneously, and in spite of the call to the assistance at the town of Strasbourg, it can only note the presence under its walls at the dawn of the July 8th 1622 of Ernest de Mansfeld, Frederic V and all artillery of their army. Whereas the various parties seemed to lead to an agreement, the soldiers of Ernest de Mansfeld made irruption in the city under pretext of skirmishes with middle-class men and approximately 150 without counting massacred some the women and the children. The city was in addition bombarded by 84 balls of large gauge, intensity moved by the insults which would have uttered of the inhabitants against the chiefs of the Protestant army (the “vagrant” Frederic, “bastard” the Mansfeld). Finally the troop of Ernest de Mansfeld was delivered to the systematic plundering of the city and set fire to forty houses. Rosheim left ruined this day. Deeply traumatized, it had nevertheless to lodge the years which followed (1625, 1628) several military bodies of Imperial whose stays were to him very expensive and involved in debt it on an exceptional level while at the same time the population, noble, middle-class and churls, sank in misery.

Swedish occupation

In January 1631 the king of Sweden Gustave II Adolphe (left protesting) obtains the financial aid of the France to the Traité of Bärwald. The September 17th 1631 it demolishes the imperial army of Tilly to the Bataille of Breitenfeld, inflicting its first large reverse with the catholic party. During this time, Rosheim, in addition to the payment of a financial contribution for the expenses of war to the imperial authority, must accommodate during more than one month (at the end of December 1631 - February 1632) a thousand of French-speaking riders concerned with the duke Charles of Lorraine which serves the Emperor. In June 1632, Strasbourg paraph its alliance with the Sweden while the Alsace is crossed by great troop movements. Vis-a-vis the insecurity Rosheim sets up with Obernai and the episcopal baillif of Bischoffsheim an armed police force charged to avoid the brigands of main road and the relaxed riders. The August 31st, the general Gustave Horn and the rhingrave Othon-Louis, with the service of the Sweden, visit Strasbourg as friends, then they put the course the following days on Niedernai which is plundered and occupied. The September 6th 1632 Obernai is taken after a short resistance, then, the same day, Rosheim goes without resistance, not having more imperial quarterings, not being able more to count on the assistance of Obernai, and suffering finally from the absence of the major part of the population which had fled in particular in Lorraine. Rosheim, which lends officially oath the July 4th 1633, is Swedish until in 1634 and the intervention of the France in the war. It is occupied by a French garrison under Swedish authority of the October 27th 1632 until May 1633 whose behavior does nothing but impoverish it more, so that the city is without resource and the population reduced to the state of begging. An epidemic of plague makes devastations from June to December. In August and in November 1633, Rosheim is made plunder initially by thousand riders with the pay of Othon-Louis, then to empty by the soldiers of the Count Palatine Christian von Birckenfeld, and in December it is used as point of rallying with the recruits of the regiments with horse of Othon-Louis to which it must provide the districts. The situation of the city reaches a threshold criticizes in June 1634 when it is not any more able to pay the Swedish contributions. But the September 6th 1634 the Sweden is completely overcome with the Bataille of Nördlingen and the October 9th, a concluded treaty with Strasbourg between the France and the Swedish representative stipulates that all the places occupied by the Swedes must pass to the France which will guarantee the rights and preferences to them as their return to the Empire when the war is finished…

The black period

In May 1635, the French representative causes the indignation of Strasbourg by replacing the Swedish safeguards with Rosheim by Frenchwomen and by forcing the burgomaster to lend oath to the France. The treated of Saint-Germain, in October 1635, which urges Louis XIII required to the duke Bernard of Saxony-Weimar ordering the Swedish and Protestant armies of Germany the means of maintaining 18.000 men against the Imperial ones as well as the rights and possessions of the Habsbourg in Alsace to personal capacity (on of which large the baillage of Haguenau on which the ten imperial cities depend), mark the beginning of the blackest period for the whole of the area which becomes again a battle field. In Rosheim, the inhabitants go until leaving their waste lands two years of continuation (1636 - 1638) hoping to make perish the French and Swedish garrisons which forwarded and occupied the city. The city is then on the point of péricliter.

The treaty of Westphalia

The death of Bernard of Saxony-Weimar the July 18th 1639 pushes its army to be sold to the king France which takes possession of the Alsace in October. One of the regiments of Turenne is confined in Rosheim in 1644. The city because of its ruin is not able to send a delegation to the peace negotiations of Osnabrück and Münster, and grants the full powerss to the Syndic of Colmar Jean Balthasar Schneider in 1646. The October 24th 1648 is signed the Traité of Westphalia which puts an end to the war, but remains very ambiguous on the situation of the ten imperial cities. Indeed articles 75 and 76 stipulate that they are yielded to the crown of France by the house of Habsbourg, but article 89 guarantees their immediacy of Empire with a clause specifying that “however this declaration Of imperial immediacy should not carry damage to the sovereign rights acquired by king France. ”

The annexation in France

The uncertainty maintained by the terms the Traité Westphalia pushes Rosheim to require the May 30th 1651 of the emperor Ferdinand III the renewal of the old privileges violated during the war. In 1652, the city must still undergo disorders and constitute militia against the devastations which the troops of the duke of Lorraine in the area cause. The same year, the Council sends the burgomaster like deputy to the diet of Ratisbon. In 1662, the ten imperial cities swear fidelity with the king of France while counting on the intervention of the Emperor to make respect their immediacy of Empire. In 1679, the signature of the Traité of Nimègue puts an end to the independence of Rosheim which passes to the France at the same time as the other cities of the Décapole. In 1693, one counts approximately 1393 inhabitants.

Inheritance

Religious heritage

Church Saint-Pierre-and-Saint-Paul (the dedication with Paul dates from the 17th century): built between 1145 and 1167, it succeeds a building destroyed by a fire in 1132 whose the base of the turn-chorus in the plan of the current church was preserved (in the place of what should have been the southern absidiole). The construction of this one corresponds at the time where the Hohenstaufen actively implied themselves in the businesses of the city. The church Saint-Pierre-and-Paul de Rosheim is regarded as one of the most beautiful Romance churches of Alsace, the first where the sculpture in Ronde-bosse appears. It is built in yellow sandstone of Westhoffen according to the typical plan of the Rhenish churches of the time: the Nave and its two low sides form with the Transept a East-West directed Latin cross and whose crossing is overcome by an octagonal bell-tower. This bell-tower, to some extent out of pink sandstone, is posterior with the remainder of the church, it dates from the 14th century. It only replaces a bell-tower, completed in 1286, which disappeared in 1385 in a fire which devastated the city. The current bell-tower, inside which one finds the traces of the lightning which struck it in 1572, was useful in particular, flanked on the face is of a watch tower, of station of guet until in 1760. Close to the bell-tower on the roof of the nave one distinguishes two sculptures in round bump: one in south-east represents according to some a beggar, for others a lord holding a wooden bowl; that in the North-West represents a hermit carrying a coat fastened on the shoulder and which is held the end of the beard. Many a low-relief decorate the walls of the nave and the bedside. Inside, the capitals massive and are placed rather low, they represent geometrical reasons, sheets of acanthuses, most remarkable represents 21 human faces, all different from/to each other, with the high cheekbones and the arcades sourcilières out of V.

Random links: