Rosalía of Castro

María Rosalía Rita of Castro (Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle 1837 - Padrón, 1885) is undoubtedly the principal figure of the Galician Littérature, but also a popular Mythe which goes beyond the cultural one, and a critical, advanced and revolutionary personality, increasingly revalorized in the Hispanic panorama. It is placed very quickly among largest poets of his time. Rosalía of Castro, with Pondal and Castelao figure with the the Pantheon of the figures of the intellectuals who found the national identity of modern Galicia.

Its vision of the Galician countryside, the sadness and the pains of its peasants, the festivals and the joys, the Immigration, appear treated in a splendid way in “Cantares Gallegos”. It is said that its work more contributed to make known the Galician character than all the speeches, conferences and publications.

She lived in “Matanza”, her house of Padrón, which she evoked in her poems, during its last years of its life.

Its biography

Born with Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle (Galicia - Spain) the February 24th 1837, in a house which does not exist any more, located in the rua Nova. She was baptized with the first names of Maria Rosalía Rita at the Royal Hospital (today Hostal back Reis Católicos ). Girl of unmarried mother and unknown father (possibly an ecclesiastic of the neighborhoods). Here what one had written in the original act of baptism:

" In veinte there cuatro of febrero of millet ochocientos treinta there seis, María Francisca Martínez, vecina of San Juan del Campo, fue madrina of una niña that bauticé solemnemente there puse los santos óleos, llamándole MARÍA ROSALÍA RITA , hija of padres incógnitos, cuya niña it madrina, goes there sin número por No haber pasado in Inclusa; there para that así conste, lo firmo.

Jose Vicente Varela there Montero"

His/her mother, María Teresa of Castro there Abadía, came from a family of origin Castilian but established in Galicia since the Middle Ages; the count de Lemos among one as of these branches.

His/her father, Jose Martínez Viojo (1798-1870) was possibly a seminarist become Chapelain with Collegial of Iria.

One knows very little things on his education. It is known that at the school it had shown a talent of poetess. Moreover she liked the drawing, the music and the declamation.

She marries Manuel Murguía, a polygraph, a journalist and historian, political galleguist and liberal. From this marriage will be born his/her first daughter, Alexandra, then must follow six other children. She often changes address to follow her husband, between Madrid and Simancas. Its life was not easy and it had to face many obstacles and sorrows. Its writings are deeply marked by the circumstances of its personal entourage, of the economic troubles, family misfortunes and of a precarious health.

It composes its first towards at age the 12 years. At 17 years it was already well-known in the “Licéo de San Agustín". Its first book was the Fleur .

She is the author of five novels and an exceptional poetic collection. In mow orillas del Sar (1884), written in Castilian, of the worms with an intimate tonality, a strange penetration, responsible for a night beauty. She writes also tests progressists, “Lieder” ( Las literatas ), pioneers of contemporary feminism. Rosalía shows a ombreuse vision of the human existence. It deserves to be considered, beside Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, like the precursor of modernity and the initiator of the metric news in Castilian.

In Galician language , it was at the origin of the literary Rebirth Rexurdimento , with the Cantares Gallegos (1863), delivers poems which joins again with the Folklore indigenous assume the voice of the Galician people of them. May 17th, day of its publication, became the date where one annually commemorates the Journée of the Galician Letters.

Later, it published Follas Novas (1880), also writes in Galician, is the title of its last book which contains its manner of seeing the life, its vital gasoline, deep and lucid collection, considered as the Chef-d'oeuvre of the Littérature in Galician. In his universe one radically approaches the existencielle loneliness most intimate (the saudade ), but also the sorrows and the joys of the Galician community through his festivals and his miseries, his loves and the injustices which it underwent, its revolts and the emigration. It forever aspired to the Famous . In fact, it is her husband who convinced it to publish his work.

Nobody of other was also admired by the people. This one even integrated it in its folklore, and raised it like model of maternal protection and pure. These people also asserted it as a Intellectuelle liberator of the oppression of class, nation and kind. Carmen Blanco, one of her many analysts, affirms that:

“the work of Rosalía primarily free, dense, intense and radical, clean with creative deep, integral and is opened in the permanent search of direction which leads it to going always beyond. ”

Rosalía, died in old 48 years, Padron the July 15th 1885 of a cancer of the uterus in its house of Matanza , become a museum today. It was buried in the same cemetery of Adina, that it would sing in its worms, then its remainders were transferred in 1891 in the church from San Domingos de Bonaval to the Panteón de Galegos Ilustres in (Musée of the Galician people), Saint Jacques de Compostelle, where all the famous Galicians rest.

In 1935, Federico García Lorca will produce six poems in Galician, (only moment in its work where are explicitly mentioned Buenos Aires, the street Esmeralda or Rio of Plata, and this, compared to Galician immigration), one of them - and most touching - it is indelible the Chanson of cradle for Rosalía, dead . Undoubtedly best possible homage: of a large poet to a great poetess.

It always fought with courage against the disease, often with the lack of money, it lived while being devoted to its house: with his/her children and his husband. All his/her children died before it.

L' image of Rosalía of Castro appears in old banknotes of 500 Pesetas.

Its work

In Galician

1863 (poetry) Cantares gallegos
1880 (poetry) Follas novas
1864 (poetry) Contos da miña will terra (subsequently revealed under the title of Conto galego )

Worms of Follas Novas is drawn Negra Sombra , the song emblématique of the Galician music, works made up by Xoan Montés Capon (Lugo 1840-1899) and which he had added to a alalá included in the Cruz C Inicio . She was interpreted for the first time at the Large Theater of Havana in 1892. She is regarded as one of the songs most beautiful and elementary of Galicia, its words are based with the melody broad outlines so that they cannot be conceived separately.

In Castilian

1857 (poetry) Flor
1859 (poetry) hija LED mar
1861 (poetry) Flavio
1863 (poetry) has semi veined
1863 (poetry) El cadiceño
1866 (prose) Ruinas
1866 (prose) Las literatas
1867 (prose) El caballero of mow botas azules
1881 (prose) El to precede loco
1881 (prose) El domingo of Ramos
1881 (prose) Padrón there tired inundaciones
1884 (poetry) In mow orillas del Sar

Be-X-old: РасаліядэКастра

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