Rosa gallica

Rosa gallica , the rose tree of France or rose tree of Layered branches, is a species of Rosier originating in Europe central and southernmost and in Occidental Asia of the Turkey to the the Caucasus.

It is a Arbrisseau with null and void sheets which can reach up to two meters in height, the stems are provided with pivots and glandular hairs. The Sheet S, imparipennées, count from three to seven leaflets green-blue. The Fleur S are joined together in groups of 1 to 4. These are simple flowers, whose corolla counts five petals of pink color, odorous. The fruits of globulous form to ovoid, have from 10 to 13 mm in diameter and are with maturity of orange color to brown.

Culture

The species is easy to cultivate on grounds goods drained in sunny exposure or in semi-shade; it can resist until the cold of 25 °C the lower part of zero. It is one of the species of rose trees in the past cultivated, it was known former Greeks and Romans and was common in the gardens of the Middle Ages. With the XIXe century, it was one of the most important species of cultivated rose trees, and the majority of the modern Cultivar S of European pinks have at least a small contribution coming from Rosa gallica in their genes.

The cultivars of the species Rosa gallica and the hybrids close seemingly constitute a Groupe of cultivars, the group of the Gallica rose trees. The ancestors are in general unknown and the influence of the other species cannot be isolated.

The group of the Gallica rose trees shares the vegetative characters of the species, formant of the low covering bushes. The flowers can be simple, but are more usually double or semi-double. The color of the flowers goes from the white (rare) to the pink and the dark crimson. All the rose trees of the Gallica group have a single flowering (not tonics). They are easy to cultivate.

The cultivar semi-double “Officinalis”, the Rose de Provins, is also the “Red rose of Lancaster” which is the floral emblem of the Lancashire.

changes and hybrids

Rosa gallica “conditoum” or “pink of Hungary”, with the scarlet flowers, semi-double, very scented, which there was cultivated for the production of Eau of pink and Confiserie S.
Rosa gallica “officinalis” or “pink of Layered branches”, or “pink of the apothecaries”, with the semi-double flowers carmine
Rosa gallica “Pumilla” ou' pink of love, dwarf, spontaneous in Spain and Italy.
Rosa gallica 'Versicolor or “Rosa mundi” a sport of officinalis to the flowers pale pink splashed with carmine.

In 1867, Joséphine de Beauharnais cultivates 167 gallic pinks, much disappeared, some are present in the roseries academies, very little is still cultivated and marketed:

“Cardinal of Richelieu” to the large double flowers purplished crimson.
“Beautiful of pink Crécy” transfering with the poupre by fading
“Charles of Millets” to the very large flowers (12 cm) plates' very double, carmine
“Duke of Angouleme” to the pink globulous flowers
“Glory of France” to the very double flowers of pink, existing color before 1819
“Tuscany superb”, a sport of “Tuscany” with larger flowers and more doubles but the same color violet, that described in 1596 under the name of 'pink Velvet.
some which one believed lost is redécouverts in old gardens, it is the case of “Sissighust Castle” of sunk color, almost maroon.

Hybrids of Rosa gallica form the groups of the Rosa ×waitziana , Rosa ×waitziana nothovar. macrantha and of the Rosa ×francofurtana

In 2004, a cultivar of the Gallica group named “Cardinal of Richelieu” was modified by interference ARN to produce the first blue Rose.

Notes of the article

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