Rosa ×centifolia

The rose tree hundred-sheets ( Rosa ×centifolia , synonymous Rosa gallica VAr. centifolia (L.) Regelation)) is a hybrid Rosier created by selectors Dutch between XVIIe and the XIXe century, perhaps even earlier.

history

It is a complex hybrid resulting probably from Rosa gallica , Rosa moschata , Rosa canina and Rosa damascena (Huxley 1992) (or perhaps Rosa phœnicia ); the history of its creation is not well documented, but the genetic studies of Dr. Hurst show that it is not a question of a species but of very complex hybrids, of desired and recent appearance.

Charles of the Lock known as to have observed an almost white rose tree with more than 120 petals in 1591 and in its herbarium, the English botanist Gerald note the “ Great Holland Pink ” that it also names “Great Province” and it is into 1753 that Linné names it Rosa X centifolia .

Between 1580 and 1710, the Dutch rosierists created more than 200 varieties of Rosa X centifolia

“Hundred-sheets” refers to the great number of Pétale S of the flower. The English also call it “pink cabbage” ( pink Cabbage ). This rose tree is sometimes called or “rose tree of Provence” in consequence of a confusion introduced by the name of Rosa provincialis which had given him in 1768 the Scottish botanist Miller, in remembering Province , English term for Provins, which formerly qualified many hybrids of Rosa gallica .

Description

The plant with the aspect of a bush, being able to reach 1,5 to 2 m in height, with long stems arched and falling down. It is a plant Drageon nante. The sheets, made up imparipennées, from 5 to 7 leaflets, are green grisâtre.

The Fleur S are round and globulous, with the fine very many petals, imbricated, of color pink for the type of the species, less often white or dark red-crimson. They are inclined, their stalk having difficulties in support their weight.

They have a whole a soft and sweetened perfume.

Use, types and hybrids

Rosa × centifolia largely is cultivated, in particular for the production of Rose oil starting from the flowers, usually used in Parfum ery. In our gardens “Pompom of Burgundy” and “Pompom of Meaux” are still very present.

Rosa × centifolia , with pink flowers, is the standard hybrid:

Rosa × centifolia Bullata , with very double pink flowers;
Rosa × centifolia Cristata or “Hat of Napoleon”, pink dark, spontaneous change near to the “sparkling”;
Rosa × centifolia Minimum ;
Rosa × centifolia Parvifolia or “Pompom of Burgundy”, with multiples small flowers red crimson dconnu before 1664.
Rosa × centifolia Pomponia , pink pompom or “Pompom of Meaux”, with multiples small flowers pale pink in supported pink center, and its change “white Pompom”;
Rosa × centifolia Variegata with the pink flowers with white;
Rosa × centifolia Major or “Rose of the painters” with very double flowers pink clearly in central eye.
Rosa × centifolia VAr. sancta Zab., Rosa X richardii , the Holy, or pink pink of Midsummer's Day, or pink of Abyssinie, high of 50 cm, with large white simple flowers grouped in corymbes

Change S or obtainings with names of imagination still cultivated:

“Blanchefleur”, (Vibert, 1835) with flowers white tinted of pink, very double
“Single white”, or “Virgin of Cléry” sport of another centifolia discovered in garden English in 1775
“Single red”,
“Single mixed”, (Charon, 1821) which is a change of “Single red”
“Pompom of the Ladies” or “Small of Holland”,
“Fantin-Latour”, pink dark,
“The Bischop”, purple.
“Variagata” (Vibert 1835) with the white flowers striated with red

Other changes of Rosa centifolia , the sparkling rose trees . These changes which are always sterile appeared at the end of the 17th century. The “sparkling wine” of the chalice and the stalks is odorous and the flowers have a very powerful perfume. There was up to 200 varieties, very little still exist:

Rosa × centifolia Muscosa , with double flowers pink;
Rosa × centifolia Muscosa Alba , its white change;
obtainings with still cultivated names of imagination: “White Moreau”, “Mourning of Paul Fountain” crimson, “Muslin” white, “Glory of the sparkling wines” pink salmon, “Rene of Anjou”, pink lilac, “Salet” pink, “Memory of Pierre Vibert”, crimson, “William Lobb”, crimson.

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