The roof is the upper surface of a building, which protects it from the Intempérie S and allows the maintenance of its interior dryness.

Materials

Traditional

The roofs are often made with others Matériau X that the remainder of the building. The principal required properties are the sealing, esthetics, lightness, the mechanical resistance, the flow of rain water. A roof generally consists of a Charpente, supporting a cover. The most used materials are:

• For the frame:
• the Wood,
• the Steel,
• the Reinforced concrete.
• For the cover:
• the Tile S,
• the Slate S,
• the Shingle X,
• steel
• plates of Zinc (or in certain countries plates of Lead),
• the corrugated Sheet.
• In the past of other breeder materials was used:
• the Thatch,
• the Roofing stone S,
• the Sheeting plank S,
• the Wood.

Modern

• the vegetable Roof, although traditional in several Scandinavian and European countries, is spread more and more, in particular in Germany where 10% of the roofs were végétalisés during these 10 last years.
• certain modern roofs are covered with Solar panels.
• in certain areas of the world, the roof within the meaning of particular cover of the building does not exist any more in the modern construction industry. With the use of the modern means that are the concrete and the structure posts more flagstone, an additional stage is always on standby of construction on what was already built and the terrace will be used such as it is as floor.
• in certain architectures, for example those of the géodes with fillings of structure by tended matters, one distinguishes any more the roof of the walls, neither by the form, nor by materials.

Form of a roof

The shapes of roof are very diverse and depend on the way of building: use exclusively of masonry or use of overcome masonry of wood assembled in Frame or use exclusively of frame wood or metal including for the walls which they are or not vertical with opaque or transparent filling.

Round roof

The roof which is in built spherical dome is called a dome. That which is conical or with pointed facets is a arrow. That which is manufactured in a modern way in veil of concrete or of metal structure with simple curves in the shape of bubbles, that with S curves in the shape of saddle of horse do not have any more a name. These kinds of roof relate to primarily traditional public buildings, civil monuments and buildings of religious architecture, and almost not the habitat.

Simple roof with several slopes

Slope of the roof

The slope of the traditional roof is strongly function of the climatic conditions. In the areas not very rainy, and sunny, the roof leaves room to a flat roof but which is not therefore accessible. And if its slope reaches 10%, it is then about a crawling roof. In the rainy or snow-covered windy areas the roof is traditionally more sloping, the slope is function of the cover installation. However in recent construction, the roof can be also a flat roof with weak slope (3%) or null (1%), independently of the area.

Eaves

The eaves , the part which overflows and made covered out of the wall, is of important size when it is necessary to be protected from the rain, but also when the shade is required.

Rivet roof

The bank of roof is the end of the roof side Pignon, it in general follows the line of greater slope and is a Right Bank . This bank can be openwork and carved with decorative reasons. It can be oblique bank i.e. provide a more important projection in top than in bottom, according to the area and architecture.

Tie

The Noue is the round-off of more or less large ray which the meeting between two sides of roof makes which form a hollow while uniting.

Croup

The croup is the part of the roof which is side of the Pignon is triangular in a side or two sides of which is a triangle and the other a trapezoid. In the Western areas these sides are in general less broad than those which cover the other walls. In general, the slope of the triangular part is average and the very strong trapezoidal part. If the triangular side is alone does not go as low as the principal slopes, it is about a half-croup
In other areas the pinion part can be broadest of the frontages, and the slope of the triangular part goes from average to strong whereas the trapezoidal part has a weaker slope and constitutes a projection.

Tail of cow

The tail of cow is the part of the roof which in bottom of the slope is a small side with a weaker slope, it constitutes small eaves.

Some expressions

• “To live under the roofs”: to live on the last floor of a building.
• “To shout on the roofs”: to reveal or spread a fact, a rumor.
• “the roof of the world”: the the Himalayas, and by extension, a place located in height.
• “To seek a roof”: to seek a place where to place.
• “To begin the house with the roof”: to act with back, contrary to the logical order. Equivalent “To put the cart before the horses”.
• “To live under the same roof”: Synecdoque meaning “to live in the same house”.

See too

• vegetable Toiture
• Grenier
• Couvreur
• the heating roof is a technical improvement made to the Thermocycleur, an apparatus of molecular biology.

External bonds

• Definition and information on the roof

Category: Building Category: Town planning Category: Element of architecture

Simple: Roof

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