Roman troop

See also: Troop

A Roman troop was a tactical unit in general made up of only one type of soldier in the Roman Armée, and was creates following the marianic Réforme. Later, before even the Principat, this term took a broader direction and defines a group.

Troops of legion

Organization

A Roman Légion comprises 10 numbered troops of I with X. a troop (in Latin: Cohors ) is made up of 3 handles S, each handles being made up of 2 Centurie S. On the other hand troop I is made up of 5 centuries double.

During the Republic, the troops organize in three named lines Hastati , Principes , Triarii which were divided into respectively 120,120 and 60 men. The three lines of soldier were divided by experiment and warlike ability, the youngest warriors in first line which when the row yields, leaves the place to the most powerful row, the Principes . In their turn, the Principes could yield if necessary.

The Vélite S , light infantry, armed with Small swath S or sling S, were in front of the rows and launched projectiles to the enemy. When the enemies came into contact, they were withdrawn.

With the reforms of Marius, the troop replaces handles it like tactical unit. All the soldiers are equipped and involved same manner. Also the centurie passed from 100 men to 80. Thus the typical troop passed to 6 X 80 = 480 men and to 5 X 160 = 800 men for the 1st troop.

Hierarchy

See also: Ranks of the Roman army

The military troop is ordered by a centurion, Pilus Prior. There are 6 centurions per troop. Highest graded centurions troop I orders, its title is Primus Pilus or centurion Primipile. Here titles of the six centurions, the typical troops II with X:

Troops of civil security

  • Cohors urbana safety of days… Organized on the type of the Praetorian troops, but without quota of cavalry, the urban troops included/understood 1.000 men per troop, even 1.500 before Vitellius.
  • Cohors vigilum firemen, safety of night… This body is distributed in Rome in 560 men ordered by a powerful orator. Each troop is divided into centurie from 70 to 80 men and is ordered by a princeps centurion and with six simple centurions.

Another troops

In the auxiliary troops, one counts 6 to 10 Centurie S. the wings of cavalries ( Cohors alaria ) included/understood 500 (for the cohors quingenaria ) or 1000 (for the cohors milliaria ) riding and is divided into 16 or 24 Turme S, of which each one is ordered by a décurion.

Another types of troops:

  • Cohors classica : Roman Navy
  • Cohors equitata: Troop of infantry supported by a troop of cavalry.
  • Cohors Germanorum
  • Cohors milliaria
  • Cohors palatina
  • Cohors peditata : Troop of infantry
  • Cohors praetoria
    • Cohors togata: Member of the Praetorian guarde and only soldier to have the right to enter out of weapon to Rome.
  • Cohors quingenaria
  • Cohors speculatorum
  • Cohors torquata
  • Cohors tumultuaria : Auxiliary troops not standards

See too

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