See also: Roland

Romain Roland is a writer French, born with Clamecy (Nievre) the January 29th 1866 and died with Vézelay the December 30th 1944. It accepted in 1916 the Nobel Prize of literature 1915 for its major work, Jean-Christophe .

Of a culture carved by the passion of art and the music (opera, Michel-Angel, Scarlatti, Lulli, Beethoven, friendship with Richard Strauss) and the worship of the heroes, he sought his life during a means of communion between the men. Its requirement of justice pushed it to seek peace “above the fray” during and after the First World War. Tortured by its humanistic ideal and its search of a non-violent world, by its admiration for Leon Tolstoï, great figure of non-violence, by philosophies of the India (conversations with Rabindranath Tagore and Gandhi), the teaching of Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, by its fascination for Baha' u' llah (it makes him refers in " Clerambault"), then in the new world which the Soviet Union wanted to build initially. But it reaches the transcendence only in the writing of its work.

Biography

Resulting from a family of notaries, it finds in his ascent of the peasants and the easy middle-class men. Its introspection with its interior Voyage , appeared in 1942, proves to him that he was well a representative of a “ancient species”. These ancestors, it will put them in scene in a truculent Burgundian account, Colas Breugnon , published in 1919.

He is professor of history to the colleges Louis-the-Large Henri-Iv and , member of the French École of Rome, professor of history of the music to the Faculty of Arts of the Université of Paris and professor of history of art to the National university.

Received for the National university in 1886, it intends for the contest aggregation of Philosophie, which it gives up not to have to subject itself to the dominant ideology - demonstration of what will be its rule, the independence of mind. It is received with the aggregation of history in 1889.

It spends then two years to Rome, of 1889 to 1891, like member of the French École of Rome, where its meeting with Malwida von Meysenbug, which had been the friend of Nietzsche and Wagner, as well as the discovery of the masterpieces of the Italian art, will be decisive for the construction of its thought. On its return in 1895, it passes its doctorate of letters by presenting a thesis on the origins of the modern opera house. History of the opera in Europe before Lulli and Scarlatti .

This demanding but timid young man does not like teaching. Not that it is indifferent to youth: Jean-Christophe, Olivier and their friends - its romantic heroes - are young people, there is much tenderness in Pierre and Luce, and the “magic Heart” accompanies Marc and them his in this walk with the martyrdom where constrained their time. But with alive youth as with the adults, Roland hardly maintains but the distant reports/ratios. He is especially a man of writing. As soon as the literature ensures him of modest incomes, it gives its resignation of the University, in 1912.

Romain Roland corresponds with Sigmund Freud of 1909 up to 1924, date where it meets it with Vienna. He also maintains the epistolary and friendly relationship with Stefan Zweig.

Romain Roland during the Great War

Roland is in Suisse at the time of the declaration of the First World War, of which it understands very quickly that it is one commit suicide Europe. Upset with l´idée of the decline of l´Europe, it then decided not to leave the country; in addition to its engagement within the Red Cross, it could freely diffuse its works. C´est as well as the series of lampoons with l´encontre of the belligerent countries, With the top of the fray , appeared with the Journal of Geneva: Roland denounced there with vehemence their search d´une total victory, instead of wanting to negotiate an equitable peace. Remaining " above the mêlée" , Roland wanted to act as well towards France qu´envers l´Allemagne. But, because d´une alleged antipatriotic attitude, it was regarded by nationalists as a traitor in his country, and, beyond the rhine, it passed almost unperceived. The publication of its articles, in Paris, had a broad echo in second half of the war: they were translated into several languages - not in German - and largely contributed, with its novel Jean-Christophe , with this qu´on decrees the Nobel Prize to him Literature in 1915. To have criticized the two camps to d´avoir made last the war too a long time, in the will to d´obtenir a destroying victory, Roland became a figure not only pacifist Mouvement international, but also of the movement of the Third international. In April 1917, Lénine proposed to him to return with him in Russia in full revolution. Offer that Roland declined, because, d´une political independence wanting to be above the parties, qu´il regretted later.

Political commitment

As from 1923, it maintains a discussion with Sigmund Freud of which will emerge the oceanic concept of Sentiment.

In 1924, its book on Gandhi contributes much to make known this last, which it meets in 1931, and its engagement for non-violence.

It settles at the edge of the Lac Léman to devote itself to its work. Its life is intersected with health issues and voyages at the time of artistic events. Its voyage to Moscow in 1935, to the invitation of Gorki, made exception: it was a question of meeting Stalin to try to act a little like an ambassador of the French intellectuals of the Soviet Union. It is one of the founders of the pacifist movement Amsterdam-Pleyel. It took part, with Suzanne Cointe, with the creation of the popular choral society of Paris.

In 1937, it returns to be established with Vézelay which falls in zone occupied in 1940. During the Occupation, there remain blotti in a total and quiet loneliness.

Without ceasing working, in 1940, it finishes its Mémoires . It also puts a final key at its music research with the years of Beethoven. Lastly, he writes Péguy , appeared in 1944, in which its personal memories inform the reflection of a life on the Religion and the Socialisme.

Works

  • Love of children (1888)
  • Baglioni (1891). Drafting. Part remained new of alive of the author.
  • Empédocle (1891). Drafting. Part remained new of alive of the author.
  • Orsino (1891). Drafting. Part remained new of alive of the author.
  • the Last Lawsuit of Louis Berquin (1892)
  • Origins of the modern opera house (1895). Thesis érudite and a thorough work rewarded by a price for the French Academy.
  • History of the opera before Lully and Scarlatti (1895). Thesis of its arts doctorate.
  • Cur ars picturae apud Italos XVI saeculi deciderit (1895). Latin thesis on the decline of Italian painting to the course 16th century.
  • Saint-Louis (1897)
  • Aërt (1897). Historical and philosophical drama.
  • the Wolves (1898). Historical and philosophical drama.
  • Triumph of the reason (1899). Historical and philosophical drama.
  • Danton (1899). Historical and philosophical drama.
  • the idealistic Poison (1900)
  • Festivals of Beethoven with Mainz (1901)
  • on July Fourteen (1902). Historical and philosophical drama.
  • François-Millet (1902)
  • Vie of Beethoven (1903)
  • time will come (1903)
  • the Theater from the people (1903)
  • Montespan (1904). Historical and philosophical drama.
  • Jean-Christophe (1904-12). Cycle of ten volumes divided into three series, Jean-Christophe , Jean-Christophe in Paris and the End of the voyage , published in the Books of the fortnight
  • the Paddle (1904). The first volume of the series Jean-Christophe
  • the Morning (1904). The second volume of the series Jean-Christophe
  • the Teenager (1904). The third volume of the series Jean-Christophe
  • the Revolt (1905). The fourth volume of the series Jean-Christophe
  • Life of Michel-Angel (1907)
  • Musicians of today (1908). Compilation of articles and studies on the music.
  • Musicians of formerly (1908). Compilation of articles and studies on the music.
  • Antoinette (1908). The first volume of the series Jean-Christophe in Paris
  • the Fair on the place (1908). The second volume of the series Jean-Christophe in Paris
  • In the house (1908). The third volume of the series Jean-Christophe in Paris
  • Haendel (1910)
  • the Friends (1910). The first volume of the series End of the voyage
  • Life of Tolstoï (1911)
  • the Burning bush (1910). The second volume of the series End of the voyage
  • the Friends (1911). The second volume of the series End of the voyage
  • the New Day (1912). The third volume of the series End of the voyage
  • Humble heroic Life (1912)
  • Above the fray (1915). Pacifist proclamation.
  • Hello with the Russian revolution (1917)
  • For the international one of the Spirit (1918)
  • the Age of hatred (1918)
  • Colas Breugnon (1919). Burgundian account.
  • For the international one of the Spirit (1919)
  • Declaration of the independence of mind , proclamation (1919)
  • the Precursors (1919)
  • Clérambault (1920)
  • Pierre and Luce (1920)
  • selected Pages (1921)
  • the Revolt of the machines (1921)
  • Annette and Sylvie (1922). Volume I of the magic Heart
  • Overcome the (1922)
  • the Summer (1924). Volume II of the magic Heart
  • Gandhi (1924)
  • the Play of the love and death (1925)
  • flowered Easter (1926)
  • Mère and wire (1924). Volume III of the magic Heart
  • Léonides (1928)
  • Of Heroic in Appassionata (1928)
  • Essai on the mystic of the action (1929)
  • alive India (1929)
  • Vie of Ramakrishna (1929)
  • Vie of Vivekananda (1930)
  • the universal Gospel (1930)
  • Goethe and Beethoven (1930)
  • Heralding the (1933)
  • Fifteen Years combat (1935)
  • Fellow travellers (1936)
  • Song of Resurrection (1937)
  • immortal Pages of Rousseau (1938)
  • Robespierre (1939). Historical and philosophical drama.
  • the stopped Cathedral (1943-45). 3 volumes.
  • Péguy (1945)

; Correspondence

  • a lost and found Friendship: correspondence of Paul Claudel and Romain Roland , edition established, annotated and presented by Gerard Antoine and Bernard Duchatelet, Gallimard, coll “books of the NRF”, Paris, 2005.
  • " Richard Strauss and Romain Rolland"

Quotation

" So that the people get along, it is necessary initially that they hear. That the Esperanto returns hearing to these deaf persons of which each one is walled in its silence."

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