The father Roland Guerin de Vaux (born the December 17th 1903 with Paris; died in 1971 with Jerusalem) was a Dominican father French which directed the catholic team which worked on the Manuscrits of Qumrân.

He was director of the biblical and archaeological École French of Jerusalem, located in the Arab district of Jerusalem-Is and which was charged to coordinate research on the manuscripts. Its team excavated the site of Khirbet Qumran (1951-1956) as well as other caves close to Qumrân in the western north of the Dead Sea. The excavations were directed by Ibrahim El-Assouli, representing the archaeological Museum of Palestine which will become the Musée Rockefeller with Jerusalem-Is.

The association of the caves and the manuscripts with the sect Jewish of the Essénien S, which prevailed a long time, is currently called into question by several archeologists and specialists in the Biblical story.