Roissy-in-France is a common French, located in the department of the Val-d'Oise and the area Île-de-France. The inhabitants are called Roisséens and Roisséennes.

The name of this small commune was returned universally celebrates starting from 1974 by the presence of the international airport which bears its name and occupies part of its territory. But with the variation of the airport installations, Roissy remains a village characteristic of the Pays of France.

Geography

Description

Roissy-in-France is located in the middle of the flat of France, to 25 km in the North-East of Paris.

The commune is bordering on: Gonesse, Thillay, Vaudherland, Goussainville, Louvres and Épiais-the-Louvres (in the department of the Val-d'Oise) like Tremblay-in-France in the department of the Seine-Saint-Denis and Mauregard in the Department of Seine-et-Marne.

The rural areas including/understanding the cultivated grounds (primarily of the cereal culture) and not built surfaces of the airport (lawns) occupy 593 hectares is 41% of communal surface. Among the 59% of built space, 443 hectares either 52,7% of urban space are occupied by the airport installations, 170 hectares or 20% are occupied by building sites or the Francilienne, 100 hectares or 12% by the zones of activity, the individual and continuous habitat low of the village (houses of city and small collectives) not occupying that 2,9% of space or 24 hectares.

Communication network

Roissy is located in the middle of an impressive communication network: the construction of the Aéroport Roissy-Charles-of-Gaulle involved the construction of many road and railway ways which encircle the village of origin.

The rural agglomeration developed along the royal road of Paris with Maubeuge, become trunk road 2. This main axis was deviated, moved with five kilometers in the south and transformed into expressway during the Années 1970 until Dammartin-in-Goële, considering the interruption of the old route by the airport platform then in construction. The old downgraded route, renamed D 902, has nothing any more but one role of exclusively local service road.
The commune is crossed in its center by the highway of the North and circumvented in north by the Francilienne. It is tangent in the west with the Trunk road 17. In addition, of many access roads were traced in order to serve the traffics freight and specific to the airport: the village is circumvented in the south by D 902A which connects the zone of activity Paris-North II to the RN 17, in north near the village by a road of service road of the zone of maintenance (Road of the Land-surveyor), in the east by the many access ramps of A1 to the airport.

The railway Paris - Aulnay-sous-Bois - Airport CDG skirts a1 highway to the east of the village; northern LGV (Line at high speed) cut the extreme north-western angle of the communal territory.

These various terrestrial infrastructures with strong traffic have an significant impact in term of sound Pollution: the highway of North and the Northern LGV are classified of category 1 (highest) according to the regulation and of many road ways are of category 2. Nevertheless, the inhabited areas are not directly affected and village centers it compared remains a relatively calm place without significant harmful effects to the close rural communes.

The airport occupies a big part of communal surface, but no railway air terminal nor Gare is located at it. On the other hand, hangars of the northern zone of maintenance (Workshops Air France), part of tracks 1 and 3, the weather station and the central zone western (a control tower, the telephone center…) are located on the commune of Roissy-in-France.

The territory of the commune has two cycle tracks arranged in the wooded entertaining zone of the “green valley”, between the village and Vaudherland and along D 902 worms Gonesse. The territory has on the other hand neither river, pond, nor even a pond.

Geology

The village is located at the center of the flat of France, vast slightly tilted plate in the south towards Paris made up of Calcaire of Saint-Ouen, particularly resistant to the erosion which gave a table structure to the area. Alpine and Pyrenean rising with the Pliocène contributed to affirm this character. Light a consecutive depression with a depression occupies the south of the plain: the Synclinal shelters the pit of Saint-Denis which sees to run out the rare rivers of the plain, the Croult, and the Petit Rosne in particular. The village is located as for him on the northern side of this depression, at the end of a dry valley. Altitudes vary from 116 m in north to 76 m in the south and 67 m in the hollow of the dry valley in extreme cases of Vaudherland in the west. The absence of and river underground careers returns the commune little subjected to natural risks, only three sectors of limited surface are at the risks of movements of ground, on the airport platform and in limit of Vaudherland.

Climatology

The climate in Roissy is typical of that of the Île-de-France, i.e. characterized by a certain moderation. It intramurally is different from the climate of Paris by a variation in temperature of a few degrees, particularly notable at daybreak, and which tends to be accentuated with the passing of years. This variation, of 2° on average but which can reach 8° by one night clear and a weak wind, is explained by the urban density which increases the temperature in the middle of the agglomeration. The annual average temperature is of 11°C, the month more the cold is January with +4°C; the hottest months are July and August with +19°C (average day laborer). On average, it freezes under-shelter per annum 48 days with 6 days without thaw. The median number of days when the temperature exceeds 25°C is of 40, including 8 beyond 30°C. The Fog, i.e. a visibility lower than 1 km, is noted on average 41,3 times per annum since 1974. Lastly, the maximum speed of the wind observed is of 148 km/h on February 3rd 1990 in Roissy-in-France, month which was in addition windiest. The dominant winds are of western sector with 60% and of is to 40%. To note that this data is particularly important for the operation of the airport… and the air harmful effects undergone by the residents, because determining the direction of Décollage and Atterrissage of the planes, which must always take place vis-a-vis the wind prevailing in order to ensure the maximum of Portance.

Heraldic

History

Origins

In the past Ruscus then Rusciacum and by deterioration Rossiacum , of Roscius name of Latin origin or perhaps of the name of a wild shrub, the Myrtle, and suffix - acum , the village named Rosiaco at the 13th century, then the current toponym appears at the end of the 14th century. The France appearing in the name of this commune is the Pays of France, natural area located at the north of Paris and constituting the heart of the royal field capétien.

The country of France knew a human occupation as of the Paléolithique inferior, the hunters-gatherers having left some traces, primarily Biface S and Racloir S found in the common neighbors of Gonesse or Louvres for example. The cultures Neolithic S occupied the site as two attest it Hache S polished, an axe cut like some Perçoir S or Grattoir S found on the territory of the commune in the Années 1950. Fragments of Ceramic Gallic first century BC at the beginning of the 5th century after J. - C. were also found attesting of an occupation of the place lasting the Antiquité and the probable presence of at least a ancient establishment. More than twenty farms and three small agglomerations like three strengthened places and a ancient Cimetière was put at the day in the country of France as a whole.

The history of the place during the Great invasions and the times mérovingienne and Carolingian remains obscure, alone some names of close localities are quoted in rare writings. It is necessary to wait the 12th century to see appearing the current network of villages of the country of France. The current village is quoted for the first time in 1174 in an act relative to a donation by Mathieu of Roissy, first known lord, with the Abbaye of Saint-Victor of Marseilles.

Roissy is, starting from the beginning of the 15th century, the seigniory of Jean Jouvenel of Ursins, wire of Jacques Jouvenel of Ursins, old Prévôt of the merchants of Paris, become archbishop of Rheims in 1449. But it is dispossessed by it by the English, before the seigniory do not return a little later to the family, Raoul Juvenel of Ursins, canon of Paris, saying in 1482 lord of Roissy. This last manages to be made concede by the king Louis XI the right of high justice, which is really applied only in 1522 following many difficulties.

An old castle or flanked manor of round towers is attested at the beginning 15th century and is demolished at the end of the 17th century. In 1537, the stronghold known as of in top , including/understanding the castle, the park and five hundred arpents of ground is bought by Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, count d' Avaux, while the stronghold of in bottom is him bought by Richard d' Elbègne, lord of Espire. Jean-Jacques de Mesmes obtains in 1541 the permission of the king to build a Windmill, and in 1544 the right to establish a fair on November 3rd and a market each Tuesday. The fair disappears only in the middle of the 19th century.

Its back small son, Claude de Mesmes is the most famous member of the family. President with mortar of the Parliament, it is one of the negotiators of the Traité of Westphalia in 1648. This one made build a new castle starting from 1704. It was thought a long time that this castle was the work of the Swedish architect, emigrated in France, Nicodème Tessin, whose model would be the castle of Steninge in Sweden. Following preventive excavations carried out on the spot between 1998 and 2002, accompanied by new research in files, one discovered that the project of Tessin forever be carried out. On the other hand, the castle was allotted to another famous architect of the time: German Boffrand, architect of the castle of Lunéville. In 1715, a garden without water and a large park are announced by Pigagnol of the Force.

The field is the property in 1719 financier John Law, then in 1725 of Antoine Portail, first president of the Court of the Parliament, whose girl marries François Riquet de Caraman who becomes thus lord of Roissy in 1730. The family Riquet de Caraman conservae the Seigniory until the Revolution, time to which the field is sold like Bien national. At the time of the enumeration of the election of Paris in 1709, one counts hundred sixty-seven fires, in the middle of the 18th century, the universal dictionary of France (appeared in 1726) evaluates the number of inhabitants to six hundreds - seventy-five.

The Revolution and Empire

The blazon of the lords of Roissy was adopted by the new municipality as weapons of the commune. This one was set up in independent commune in 1790. January 31st, 1790, the first mayor of the village east elected at the school of the village; this one is not other than the Viscount of Caraman. However, it does not preserve a long time its mandate, resigner, it is replaced by the farmer Pierre Ducrocq as of the next on June 20th.

In 1792, the Viscount of Caraman emigrates; in September, the castle is put under sequestration and undergoes several flights and acts of vandalism. The winter 1792 - 1793 is particularly hard: the municipality decides to make cut down part of the trees of the village for the heating of neediest. In each commune, the Convention decides to create an inspection committee in order to announce the suspects and to disarm them: in the village, thirteen people are declared suspect. October 1st 1793, the municipality orders to reduce the three Cloche S from the tower of the church. October 20th, it is with the turn of silverware, the Fer and the Cuivre to be requisitioned, for then carrying them to Convention on the furnace bridge of the Fatherland . Under the Terror, the village knows one of the most turbid times of its history: requisitions, flights in the farms, taxation, etc on October 12th, 1793, the commune receives the order to prepare the castle to accommodate a battalion of volunteers. The 27 nivôse year II (January 1794), a accidental Incendie is declared: it destroys the central body of the building.

In 1814, the rout of the imperial armies causes the fear in the village: one evokes the imminent arrival of the Prussian and the Cosaques. March 23rd, the Russian armies and Prussians arrive and ransack all the area; plunderings are numerous as well as the ill treatments towards the inhabitants.

Restoration at the XXe century

In 1817, the farmers of the village cotisent themselves in order to buy a pump with Incendie and a dedicated room, first mark of the existence of a body of fireman in Roissy. The new mayor elected in 1819, Poiret, son-in-law of the mayor preceding Ducrocq, makes restore with the commune by a long report/ratio a section of the land register of sixty-six hectares called “cut off Canton”, wrongfully allotted to the common neighbor of Tremblay. This restitution is pronounced by the royal decree of the March 13rd 1822. In 1822, the municipality makes replant 310 Orme S to replace wood shot down during the rigorous winter 1794.

In 1820, a sugar refinery is installed in the remaining right wing of the castle, which is finally destroyed in 1835 (the left wing as for it, old Orangerie, is transformed into housing and is used as dwelling until 1930).

In 1832, the epidemic of Choléra which touches Paris extends quickly and reaches Roissy: between the July 21st and the September 12th, fifty-two people of the village perish about it.

A new town hall is built in 1836, including/understanding the schools and the residences of the teachers. In 1852, the children of the village are registered to receive free primary education: eighty boys profit from it against only twelve girls. The same year, old the parochial Cimetière surrounding the church unused and is replaced by the current cemetery.

From 1870 to 1914

The war of 1870 mark deeply the commune. September 8th, the French soldiers beating a retreat set fire to in the passing on order of the governor of Paris the farms so that harvests do not fall to the hands from the Prussians. Firm the Bushel and Tadpole are partially burnt but the population avoids the propagation of the fires in spite of prohibitions of the soldiers. With the approach of the enemy troops, the majority of Roisséens flee the village carrying all that was possible on carts. The September 18th, dix-mille Prussian soldiers accompanied by thousand horses camps in the village and its neighborhoods. Half of the troops sets out again as of the following day, but other half remains there until the March 3rd 1871. During the occupation, the village is put at bag by the Prussian riders; in order to heat itself during the rigorous winter of 1870-1871, they tear off the doors of the houses and burn furniture, the town hall is also set fire to and the destroyed Archives. According to a report/ratio of the mayor, Mr Cabuzet, the damage is assembled to 1.793.421 francs. In 1890, the municipality repurchases the presbytery and installs the fire pump there.

At the end of the 19th century, the population very mainly remains agricultural, only a few tens of inhabitants work in the trade. Into 1896, the agricultural surface of the commune is divided as follows: 810 hectares of food cultures, 275 hectares of artificial meadows, 210 hectares of industrial crops, 33 hectares of Fallow, 22 hectares of Jardin S, 5 hectares of Bois, 1 hectare of natural meadows and Pâturage S and 1 hectare of moors. 52 hectares of communal surface is occupied by the roads, ways and constructions. Forty-five farmers are distributed very unequally these grounds, twenty-two owners cultivating less than one hectare, nine from one to five hectares and fourteen from five to three hundred hectares. The wheat occupies 450 hectares followed by the oats on 290 hectares then of sugar the Beet on 170 hectares and of the alfalfa on 126 hectares, the remainder being distributed between Trèfle, Potato, Seigle and Sainfoin. The animals of farm are numerous: one does not count less than 180 horses, 120 Bœuf S, and 1.200 Mouton S, value which doubles during the summer. In the farmyards, one does not count less than 3.000 Lapin S, 1.800 Pigeon S, 2.000 Poule S, 275 Canard S and 50 Oie S.

The work conditions in the farms are very hard, the days often last twelve hours and only Sunday is been unemployed. It is not rare to cross children with work in the fields.

In 1902, the inhabitants of the village address a petition to the Compagnie of the railroads of North, in connection with the project of line of Aulnay to Verberie and Rivecourt (Oise): the line such as it is traced is not of any utility for the village, passing to the borders territories of Roissy and Tremblay. The petition is not of any effect and work starts in 1912, but the First World War stops them and they will not be taken again. The commune is connected to the Gas for domestic use in 1910, which allows the lighting gas of the streets. In 1911, the municipality must face the strike of the farm laborers: it calls upon the gendarmerie. In 1910 and 1911, the distilling of Mr Carbonnaux is built: the Belgian Main-d'oeuvre exclusively transforms the sugar beets into alcohol with more 90°. Starting from 1914, the production feeds the national Poudrerie of Sevran-Livry.

The First World War

As of August 1914, observatories are created, and a station of anti-aircraft defense is installed on the road of Louvres. In September, the Uhlan S are announced to Senlis what causes panic, and the mayor receives the order to evacuate the population; a convoy of one hundred ten people leaves the village thus on Thursday, September 3, left with nine people who choose not to leave it of which the priest, the Fréauville father. The inhabitants who had found refuge with Monnerville in the south of the Seine-et-Oise return little by little as of on September 12th and find a spectacle of desolation: the houses of the village were plundered by the troops, the surroundings are ransacked, the cut trees, the roads strewn with refuse. In October, the general Galliéni establishes its headquarters in the property of Mrs Gonnet. In 1915 and 1916, seventy Roisséens are mobilized.

Following the offensive allemande of spring 1918, an agricultural land in the north of the village is arranged in provisional landing strip in order to make return emergency from the troops threatened of surrounding; it disappears as of the Franco-American offensive from July-August 1918. A detachment is then sheltered in the vicinity in hangars. During the four years of war, the troops of the 143e and 144e regiments of infantry are confined with 28, rue de Paris.

From 1918 to 1964

As of the Years 1920, the common neighbors of Arnouville-lès-Gonesse, Goussainville and to a lesser extent Louvres served by the Paris-Lille railway line know a spectacular demographic expansion with the creation of many allotments of Banlieue. Roissy remained with the variation of the Railroad and industrialization remains an agricultural village and is impoverished gradually. The number of trade passes the eighty-four one in 1896 to only eighteen in 1964. The same phenomenon occurs in many other villages of the Pays of France not served by a railway.

The War memorial the is inaugurated the August 20th 1920. Starting from 1935, the sewers are installed. In 1936, the municipality resulting from the Popular front assistance families of strikers, contrary to the situation of 1911. Of 1940 with 1944, Roissy saw the situation of occupied France; the village is released on Wednesday, August 30, 1944 by the American troops.

The airport and upheaval of the village

At the end of the Years 1950, the persons in charge of Aéroports of Paris rightly envisaged a considerable expansion of the air traffic and the rapid saturation of the platforms of the Le Bourget and Orly. The government of the time also saw the Paris and its suburbs reaching the fifteen million inhabitants in the year 2000 taking into account demographic growth rates of then. The construction of a new airport thus was essential. This Infrastructure was to be located sufficiently distant from Paris and the urban communes within sight of the acoustic harmful effects brought, especially with the vision of the Années 1960 of an important traffic Supersonique, but to remain rather accessible at the same time in order to limit the length of the highway networks and railway of service road. Finally, it was to be located in a sector where the costs of Expropriation remained compatible with the allocated budget.

In 1964, Roissy is a village of the Pays of France of mille-trois-cents hearts of which 95% of the grounds are still agricultural. Nevertheless since the Second world war, the village remains poor, the Municipal council meets serious budgetary concern. This year there for example, the expenditure rises with 197.974 francs but the revenues from taxes, they, are assembled only to 95.954 francs. The year 1964 also sees spreading electric public lighting following a contract with the company Philips.

By stopped of the January 13rd 1964, the government decides the construction of a new airport. This one will be arranged on the arable lands of the Pays of France, to 25 km in the North-East of the capital. From July 10th to August 10th of the same year takes place the investigation of public utility; the board of inquiry gives an favorable opinion the October 30th. The airport will occupy a surface of 2.915 ha taken on the territory of seven communes.

The municipality of then vainly tries to fight against the creation of this airport which already brought as of the beginning of work its batch of harmful effects with the arrival of the machines of building site and important degradations generated with the streets of the village (trucks, mud, drains destroyed…). The farmers as for them protested at the beginning, but including/understanding quickly that the construction of the airport was inescapable, negotiated the best possible financial compensations in order to be reconverted on the spot or to repurchase arable lands elsewhere.

In parallel, an important polemic develops in the new department of the Val-d'Oise indicator to clash the “anti ones” and “pro-airport”, the ones deploring the harmful effects brought, the others answering economic development and progress. Of 1969 - year of last expropriations - with 1972, the rumor of the project and the blur of information make grow the local dispute then departmental. The extent of the phenomenon leads the government to try to stop the polemic by stopping clearly in March 1972 three zones of harmful effects: “Has (five communes and dix-mille inhabitants), any prohibited construction; B (soixante-mille inhabitants), construction authorized for the utility buildings; C (a hundred and four twenties - thousand inhabitants), extension of the agglomerations limited to the maximum”.

But far from calming the spirits, the dispute grows and becomes national, the media being distributed between “pro” and “anti”, often according to their political affiliation. The greatest reproach made with the State is the lack of transparency and the absence of information. Thus on the beginning of the Years 1970, the administration imposed strict architectural constraints in the name of the safeguarding of the site and let be sold grounds to be built… to then refuse the permits building whereas the construction of the airport was already envisaged since ten years.

Years 1970 with today

The airport the Charles-of-Gaulle - such is his Christian name - largest of Europe in surface, was brought into service in 1974. Its construction at the beginning of the Années 1970 deeply modified the aspect and the economy of the village of which more half of the surface is henceforth occupied by its installations. The prospect for the acoustic harmful effects caused a stop of any construction of new housing what threatened the existence even of the medium-term village, the young couples having to then leave the commune to place itself. In the same way, the owners of the village did not always maintain their goods vis-a-vis the prospect for the possible destruction the village.

This report pushes the new municipality elected in 1977 to take several measurements in order to stop this decline: a real estate scheme of one hundred residences is decided in full downtown area, making it possible the passage to create a more coherent urban screen at the village. Unhealthy environment is gradually eliminated and the people, often old, who occupied these houses its rehoused in small social housing. A hearth of elderly is also created in the new arranged communal park. These constructions force to re-examine completely the supply Drinking water of the village: new a Forage is then carried out in 1978 and put under operation the following year, it makes useless the Tower water set up in 1901, which is then demolished. The Assainissement of the Waste water also poses itself problem: the construction of the airport and many buildings does not allow any more absorption by the plowed grounds of the surpluses of precipitation.

In July 1977, a storm causes important a Inondation of part of the village, which is seen constrained to find solutions quickly: the drains of flow are doubled and a laying-up basin connected to the Croult is put in building site. In 1979, the sports complex of the Small towers is created, and of the courts of Tennis are arranged near the swimming pool. Lastly, the municipal team encourages the Réhabilitation old frame while taking charges with them the public requests for Subvention S, in order to incite the owners to renovate the village while preserving her character. Sign revival of the village, the first permit building since 1964 is delivered in 1979. In 1988, the entire village is mobilized in order to defend its aspect of rural village against the important pressures of the real estate. In 1995, the advertisement by the government of the construction of two new tracks, involves several demonstrations on behalf of the inhabitants of the village and the neighborhoods against noise pollutions; the tracks of the airport are finally moved towards the east. In October 1996, the arts center of the Orangery is inaugurated.

Into 2007, the construction project of a vast shopping mall in the south of the airport platform on the zone of freight divides and causes the polemic among the inhabitants and the town councilors. Baptized “Aéroville”, this giant shopping mall of almost five hectares of surface (: 49986 m) drawn by the Architect Christian de Portzamparc, must leave ground in 2008 for an opening in 2012. Of a cost estimated at 270 million Euro S, it must accommodate a large surface Auchan “new concept”, top-of-the-range shops, but also of the noncommercial services like a postal antenna, a nursery and a hall sports, as well as a carpark of: 4700 places. The unit will be dissimulated by a roof “undulating like a coat” according to the architect and will be framed of a landscape garden and a green casting. According to its originator, Unibail , it is conceived to attract the tourists in shops of luxury and the employees of the platform, which suffer from a trade deficit and services. However, considering the current saturation of the road access roads to the airport, the exponential increase in the problems of circulation is denounced, and the small shopkeepers estimate that the project “will transform the downtown areas of the surroundings into ghettos”, the local store which cannot survive this new offer, which is added with a on-representation in the sector with large surfaces, in particular in the north of the Seine-Saint-Denis (Parinor, Paris-North II in the south, shopping mall of Claye-Souilly in the east).

Demography

At March 8th, 1999, Roissy-in-France counts 2.367 inhabitants, including 1.191 men and 1.176 women.

The commune is young: the 62 inhabitants who were 75 years old or more in 1999 however accounted for only 2,6% of the population whereas this proportion reaches 4,5% in the department of the Val-d'Oise, already among young people of France. The 712 young people of less than 20 years accounted for 30,1% of the population (29,1% in the Val-d'Oise).

Roissy knows a big rise of its population which can be explained by its economic dynamism: compared to the preceding census of 1990, the common one gained 313 inhabitants in nine years. In twenty-four years, since 1975, the common one gained 1.005 inhabitants. This rise seems to be confirmed within sight of the results provisional of 2006: the commune would have still gained 197 inhabitants in seven years.

• 2006 : Provisional population

Demographic table of the 20th century

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Population pyramid

The population pyramid of Roissy-in-France shows the deep renovation and the demographic change of the village between 1990 and 1999. In accordance with the area Ile-de-France as a whole, Roissy sees the share of the children (less than 15 years) clearly decreasing with a fall by 5 to 6 points between the two Recensement S of 1990 and 1999. Nevertheless these values remain higher than the share of less than fifteen years in the area (23,9% of the men and 19,0% of the women in Roissy-in-France against respectively 19,9% and 17,9% in the area).

Contrary to the regional tendency, the share of the elderly slightly moved back in Roissy whereas the sections from the 60 to 95 years or more already twice are represented than the average of the area: for the section from the 60 to 74 years, 5,0% of the men and 6,5% of the women in Roissy, against respectively 10,2% and 11,3% in Ile-de-France and for the most 75 years, 1,7% of the men and 3,6% of the women compared with respectively 4,0% and 7,2% in Ile-de-France.
La creation of the airport deeply modified the demography and the sociology of the commune: of an agricultural village, Roissy was transformed into commune of residence of airport employees, which explains this important renovation in parallel of the known change sociological since the Années 1970.

Housing

Roissy-in-France added up exactly: 1000 residences in 1999, including 882 main homes. The Middle Age of the park Immobilier is much lower than the regional tendency. The new buildings are definitely more present than the average of the area: in 1999, 26,3% of the main homes dated from 1990 or afterwards against only 9,1% in Île-de-France. A contrario , constructions former to 1949 accounted for only 16,7% of the park compared with 33,7% for the regional average francilienne.

88,2% of the residences are main homes, distributed with 50,3% in houses and 49,7% in apartments (respectively 26,9% and 73,1% in the area). 43,3% of the inhabitants are owners of their housing, against 46,6% which are only tenants (respectively 44,3% and 51,1% in the area).

Roissy counts 164 residences HLM is 18,6% of the park in 1999 (23,4% in the area), value which more than doubled since the census of 1990. One can note moreover that the number of vacant housings was weaker in 1999 than in the area with 7,5% of the park compared with 8,1% in Île-de-France.

The great residences are very majority: the majority of the dwellings have four parts and more (52,7%), then three parts (22,3%), but only 14,2% have two parts and 10,8% a part. Nevertheless the residences of small surfaces (a part) increased by 108% since 1990.

Administration

The Municipal council is composed of the mayor and eighteen advisers of which five are associated with the mayor, proportionally to the number of inhabitants.

Roissy-in-France belongs to the Canton of Gonesse. The canton belongs to the 9th district Val-d'Oise. The commune belongs to the urban surface of Paris. The commune accommodates some public services on its territory: a gendarmerie (Street Dorval), an office of station (Place of the Country of France), a national agency for employment (ANPE) (Zone of Freight n°4) and an help center of firemen. The center of Social security, the reception family ASSEDIC and the allowance office are located at Gonesse as another ANPE agency.

Roissy-in-France belongs to the jurisdiction of authority of Gonesse, and great authority as well as trade of Pontoise.

Intercommunality

The commune is member of the Communauté of communes Roissy Porte France and the seat of the community is located at it.

Roissy is also member of the public corporation of installation of the Plain of France.

Political tendencies

Politically, Roissy-in-France has been a very preserving commune, the voters having continuously voted mainly on the right with all the elections for several years. One will note the strong anchoring of the National front which exceeds the regional and national tendencies to each election from four to eight points.

With the presidential election of 2002, the first turn saw arriving largely at the head Jean-Marie Le Pen with 25,1%, followed Jacques Chirac with 22,0%, Lionel Jospin with 11,7%, then Christiane Taubira with 6,3%, Jean-Pierre Chevènement with 5,6% and Francois Bayrou with 5,1%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 5%.

With the second turn, the voters voted to 79,0% for Jacques Chirac against 21,0% for Jean-Marie Le Pen with a rate of abstention from 19,1%, result rather close to the national tendencies (respectively 82,21% and 17,79%; abstention 20,29%) with however three additional points for Jean-Marie Le Pen.

With the referendum on the constitutional treaty for Europe of May 29th, 2005, Roisséens very largely rejected the European Constitution, with 64,11% of Not against 35,89% of Yes with a rate of abstention from 37,04% (whole France: Not to 54,67%; Yes to 45,33%). These figures are higher than the departmental tendency of the Val-d'Oise (Not to 53,47%; Yes with 46,53%) but opposite with the results franciliens (Yes 53,99%; Not 46,01%).

With the presidential election of 2007, the first turn saw dissociating at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 34,07%, followed by Ségolène Royal with 22,02%, Francois Bayrou with 17,53%, Jean-Marie Le Pen with 14,68%, finally Olivier Besancenot with 4,78%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 1,5%. The second turn saw arriving largely at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 59,78% (national result: 53,06%) against 40,22% for Ségolène Royal (national: 46,94%).

List mayors

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Budget and taxation

Municipal budget

The municipal budget 2007 is assembled to a total of 21 million Euro S, including the investment and operation.

The receipts of operation are assembled to: : 5976901 € of taxes and taxes: 5769901 € of an equipment of the community of communes: 2103566 € of the sale of grounds: 1043907 € of equipments and subsidies: 579141 € of various products (rents…) and: 370850 € coming from the products of the services.

The operating expenses are divided into: : 5313890 € of staff costs: 5214032 € of general loads: 3163796 € of exceptional responsibilities: 1370254 € devoted to the Self-financing and finally, only: 52700 € for the refunding of the debt.

The interests of loan are limited to a particularly weak sum attesting a quasi-non-existent debt and the financial good health of the commune. The same year, the total product of tax of dwelling is assembled to: 89000 euros.

The principal investments in 2007 are assembled to approximately 6 million euros and are distributed essentially between: : 746000 € intended for the complete refitting of the esplanade of the church and for the displacement of the War memorial the: 615000 € for the extension of the Dojo: 500000 € for the land acquisition for the creation of a public Golf: 385000 € for the acquisition of the grounds for future communal gardens: 300000 € for the repairing of the laying-up basin of rain water: 187000 € devoted to the improvement of the schools or: 169000 € devoted to the maintenance of the green areas.

Local tax system

With a rate of tax of dwelling of 4,10% in 2005, tax pressure for the private individuals in Roissy east among weakest of the department and even of France. It is necessary nevertheless to add 0,98% for the inter-commune share to it. The departmental rate of the Val-d'Oise was fixed the same year at 5,88% of the rental value. As comparison, this communal rate was of 6,90% with Belloy-in-France, 10,59% with Luzarches or 12,54% with Survilliers, communes of the Pays of France of equivalent population.

This low level is explained primarily by the privileged situation of the commune: if it has to undergo the harmful effects related to the presence of the first airport of France, it profits in parallel from an immense financial manna through the versed Professional tax. Roissy ‑en ‑ France is located indeed at the fifth rank francilien in basic term of professional tax. It is fourteenth for the amount of the product of the professional tax (figures 2003). With: 129242 euros per capita, the commune is in second regional position in term of basic amount per capita.

Safety

An municipal police in inter-commune matter was created in October 2002; it is about the first of the kind in France. The operational center is at Louvres, but a cutting in three sectors was set up in order to reinforce the proximity with the inhabitants. Manpower is composed of 43 agents at October 1st 2006, and covers thirteen communes out of the fourteen of the community (except Fosses for lack of manpower).

Twinning

Roissy-in-France is twinned since 1981 with the German commune of Hamm-Sieg (the Rhineland-Palatinat).

November 15th 1979, a joint committee is created; he decides for the choice of the town of Hamm-Sieg in March 1980. An important part of the park of activities Paris-North II is in addition on the communal territory. The park counted on the whole in 2003: 500 companies adding up: 16000 employment, 135 trade gathered in a Shopping mall, and 10 hotels adding up: 1800 rooms, for a total sales turnover of 4,5 billion Euro S.

The zone of use of Roissy adds up relatively few companies (2 300 in 2004) but it is the zone francilienne which holds the strongest proportion of paid establishments of 500 or more (83 for: 10000).

Among the principal companies, one can quote the ten first in Turnover: Air France, by far at the head with CA of 12,3 billion Euro S and employing: 35800 paid on the platform in 2005, then Dow-France with 609 M d'€, Servair with 521 M d'€, Computacenter with 470 M d'€, Fujitsu - Siemens with 366 M d'€, Sara Lee with 269 M d'€, Guerbet with 225 M d'€, Quick-France with 220 M d'€, SEMT Pielstick with 218M d'€, Microwarehouse with 217M d'€ (figures 2004).

The basin of use of Roissy defined by the Unedic gathers sixty-four communes distributed on three departments and adding up: 623500 inhabitants in 1999 and: 252000 employment at December 31st 2005, which does of them one of the largest poles of employment in France. It is one of most dynamic of Ile-de-France, having known an increase of 8% of the number of uses of 2001 to 2005 while the tendency was with the fall in the area as a whole. The employees of the basin of employment have as a characteristic to be younger and less formed than the regional average, of many employment being qualified little (handling, airport services…) and to live very mainly on the territory.

The commune also has an tourist office taking part in the tourist promotion of the village and the department of the Val-d'Oise.

Sociology

In 1999, 56,3% of the Roisséens credits having an employment worked in the commune. This figure raised for the area slightly increased by 1,9% between 1990 and 1999. Unemployment rate was weak with only 5,2% in 2005 (against 9,4% in 1999), that is to say 105 people (national average: 9,6% in 2005). The average revenue by household is slightly higher than the national average with 18.973 € per annum (national average: 15.027 € per annum).

The intermediate occupations are very represented in Roissy-in-France accounting for 27,2% of the credits (against 25,6% on average regional and 23,1% on average national). But they are the employees who are represented, with 42,7% of the inhabitants of the commune (against 29,5% in Ile-de-France and 28,8% in France). The workmen represent as for them that 20,5% of the credits of the commune (16,5% in Île-de-France area and 25,6% in France). The executives and intellectual professions on the other hand under-are represented in Roissy-in-France with a rate of 6,6% (against 13,1% on average in France and 22,8% on average regional). The farmers are them quite simply non-existent, in spite of the presence of arable lands.

The rate of Roisséens having followed higher learning with 19,2% is in conformity with the national average (18,1%) but definitely lower than the regional average (28,1%).

Of a primarily agricultural village, Roissy-in-France transformed itself into the three decades space since the construction of the airport in small commune of employees and workmen, mainly paid airport platform.

Transport

The establishment of the airport in the Années 1970 placed the modest village of the Pays of France in the middle of an exceptional communication network which makes it easily accessible from all the planet (500 destinations towards 130 countries) as well as majority of the towns of France and countries bordering thanks to its station TGV. The airport is served by the line B of the RER at a rate of eight trains per hour the essence of the day (30 minutes of the center of Paris) of 5:00 at midnight and station TGV per several trains per day bound for the main cities of France like London and Brussels.

The commune is easily accessible by road way, to 25 km of Paris, via the highway of North (Paris, Porte of the Vault - Lille) which crosses the territory of the commune, the highway A3 (Paris, Porte of Bagnolet - Paris-North 2 - Aéroport Roissy-Charles-of-Gaulle), the Trunk road 17 located at the west, as by the Francilienne which circumvents the village and the airport by north.

Drunk connect the village to the terminals and stations the RER and TGV of the airport, located at approximately two kilometers of the center of the village. The principal ones are the lines 32 (Roissypôle (the RER) <> Goussainville the RER) and 95-02 (Roissypôle the RER <> Montmorency), best served, but seven lines of bus on the whole cross the village, including three specific lines for the school ones. Three lines of bus of night Noctilien exploited by the SNCF connect 0:30 to Roissypôle 5:30 in Paris and Corbeil-Essonnes (N120 line), Gare of the Canopy (N121) and Paris - Gare of the East (N140). In order to improve the access of paid not conveyed to the airport platform, requiring a service road 24:00 /24, a service of bus to the request, “Allobus”, be set up not requiring that a simple telephone reservation up to one hour in advance.

Environmental impact of the airport

See also: Airport Roissy-Charles-of-Gaulle

The activity of the airport, if it brings an undeniable richness to the commune and the area in terms of economic vitality, tax employment and incomes, also presents disadvantage. In addition to the acoustic harmful effects and the risks of crash landing, important the atmospheric pollution trained is more and more blamed by defense associations of the residents. Thus, according to a study of the official organization Airparif , the airport pollutes as much as the Ring road of Paris, road axis more attended France. Paradoxically within sight of its proximity, the village of Roissy is not exposed more to the acoustic harmful effects, being located between the axes of the tracks. Thus communes further away from the airport platform like Sarcelles or especially Gonesse and Goussainville are more exposed with the noise.

A program of soundproofing is proposed by Aéroports of Paris (ADP), fascinating in load from 80 to 100% the expenses of sound-proofing of the residences according to the income of the occupants and the zone of noise concerned determined by a plane of sound embarrassment ; nevertheless this program requires several steps and often a year even two or to succeed more. The village of Roissy-in-France in fact is located only in zone III of noise, judged moderated impact. ADP regularly diffuses a magazine baptized “ Between neighbors ” trying to establish a regular communication with the residents and opened a house of the environment on the platform, having for goal to inform the inhabitants on the air traffic and the diffusion of the noise.

Gardens and green areas

The commune has a principal green area: the garden of the town hall. It is prolonged in the south by the park of the orangery, composed of six small gardens with topic and having a course of health, as well as a small park in extension, the park of the Cèdre. The tree which gave him its name is one of the three cedars vestiges of the park of the castle, which counted many gasolines. The two others are located in the influences of the airport, on the other side of the highway of North. An entertaining zone also was gradually arranged in a dry valley. This space, baptized the “green valley”, includes/understands three marked out hikes and a cycle track. Roissy always in addition has three hundred hectares of arable lands.

Roissy was seen giving in 2005 its first flower to the Concours of the cities and flowered villages, rewarding the efforts for fleurissement for the commune.

Monuments and places of visit

Roissy has two historic buildings classified: the church and the pinion are old castle.

the Airport Roissy-Charles-of-Gaulle , of an total surface area of: 3500 hectares of which 800 on the commune is actually built on the territory of six communes. Envisaged to accommodate thirty-five million passengers per annum medium-term (forecasts largely exceeded with more fifty-five million of passengers in 2006), it was put in building site in 1965. The first air terminal was inaugurated in 1974 and the second in 1982. One owes with the architect Paul Andreu the two principal air terminals as well as the stations the RER and TGV. The airport currently has four tracks, two of take-off and two of landing. The airport is served by the Railroad since 1976 and the line B of the RER since 1979. It is finally the TGV which arrived in 1994. A service road interns more powerful thanks to an automatic subway of type VALLEY, CDGVAL, was brought into service in April 2007.

the church Saint-Éloi of the 16th century is dedicated to the bishop of Noyon and adviser of the king Dagobert, died in 659. It probably replaces a building former 12th century, itself built to the site of a preceding sanctuary Mérovingien or Carolingien, discovered attested by the setting at the day of foundations of what was not probably whereas a vault of the castle seigneurial. The Nef is flanked the collateral ones finished by a chorus Renaissance in hemicycle lit by three large windows, built at the end of the 16th century as the date of attests it 1574 registered on an external pillar. Interior decoration “with the Antique” is particularly elegant. A square tower above the main door is supported buttresses with the angles. The building was classified Historic building on October 13rd 1942. In 1982, the stained glasses of the church are restored, then in March 1989, the church is equipped with a Orgue, acquired by the municipality.

vestiges of the castle. (Park of the Town hall) Of the castle of Roissy destroyed with the Révolution, it do not remain that the southern door and the pinion of the old stables.

The southern door of the old castle is located in the middle of the frontage of the building. Built out of stone of size as the pinion is, it has for only decorative reason only the weapons of Claude de Mesmes, former ambassador of France of Louis XIV, in the tympanum under the archstones (stones cut constituting a plat band) which form the key of Voûte. The rear one rests on a stringcourse platet is decorated with a moulding doubled punt. The walls located on both sides of the southern door and join the pinion east are rates/rhythms by vestiges of Pilastre out of installed stone forming a relief from three to five centimetres on the formerly coated walls of filling, now consisted of irregular rubble work.

The pinion is castle is the most important remaining vestige, made up of a stone wall of size framed of pilasters deprived of capitals. It was restored in 1998 by the commune. The center of the pinion is occupied by a partly built and surmounted monumental bay of a drip supporting a carved reason. The decorative element of its pediment decorated with fine sculptures, created by Rene Chauveau (1663 - 1722), illustrates the architectural refinement of this castle. A subjacent projecting key marks the axis of bay. This pinion was registered on the list of the additional inventory of the Historic buildings on October 21st 1925. The vestiges of the castle onrt is the subject of a development by a new night lighting adopted by the in October 1997 municipality.

Roissy-in-France in the literature

Roissy-in-France profits from a certain literary notoriety since it is there that Pauline Réage place the establishment which she imagined in her novel Histoire of O . Called simply Roissy in the novel, its identification is ensured by André Pieyre de Mandiargues in a postface (entitled precisely Roissy-in-France ) of a continuation of this novel entitled Retour to Roissy .

Roissy-in-France with the cinema

Several films were made to Roissy, in particular of course within the framework of the airport. One can quote:

• the Guardian angels (1995) of Jean-Marie Pear with Gerard Depardieu and Christian Clavier.

• the Ball (2002) of Alain Berbérian with Gerard Lanvin, Benoit Poelvoorde and Jose Garcia.
• Jet lag (2002) Daniele Thompson with Juliette Binoche, Jean Reno and Sergi López.
• If it were Him… (2007) of Anne-Marie Etienne with Marc Lavoine and Carole Bouquet.

Equipment

Teaching

Roissy has two schools: the nursery school Saint-Exupéry - five classes (11, Rue Dorval) and the elementary school Jean Mermoz - nine classes (42, Rue Houdart).

The common changing of the academy of Versailles. The schools of the village are managed by the general inspection of the departmental inspection of State education of Louvres (Zac of the Fountain, 10 square Madrid). The district belongs to the basin of education and training of Gonesse.

The commune is sectorisée on the college François-Mauriac, street of Paris to Louvres, located at 4 km at the North-West and the general college Léonard-of-Vinci with Saint-Witz, located at 12 km in north, connected to the village respectively by the lines of school buses R111 and R113 .

Sport

Roissy-in-France has a inter-commune swimming pool (Way of Montmorency).

The village has moreover a sports complex, with a ground of honor, a ground of Football, a Dojo, a Skatepark, a ground of stunt bike, a plate of evolution and a ground of adventure.

Health

The commune has an doctor's office including/understanding a doctor, a dentist, a nurse, a kinesitherapist and a podologist (Street Jean-Mill). Roissy concerns the Hôpital of Gonesse (25, rue Pierre de Theilley).

Worships

Catholic church. the faithful ones of the Paroisse are accommodated to the Saint-Éloi church. The parish of Roissy concerns the deanery of Luzarches and the Diocèse of Pontoise. It is served by the father Jean-Pierre Mangès. The parish of Roissy-in-France, Chennevières-the-Louvres and Épiais-the-Louvres depends on the pastoral sector of Louvres. The Aumônerie of the Charles-of-Gaulle airport depends on the Diocèse of Paris.

Protestant Church. the parishioners of Roissy find themselves with the Attic of Sarcelles.

Strange

One can sometimes see in the village of small groups of birds of green color of the size of a Perroquet. These birds, of the parakeets of India, could be themselves escaped zone of freight of the airport, Roissy being one of the three only communes of Metropolitan France to have colonies of this species with Le Havre and Marseilles.

More serious, the proximity of the airport brings other types of harmful effects: during the summer 1999, several cases of Paludisme were announced again around the platform. Of a diagnosis difficult and detected near people not having never travelled in endemic zone, it is probably caused by the arrival of mosquitos travelling accidentally on the aircraft. Since the first description of the paludism of airport in 1977, 71 cases were published in Europe, including 24 in Metropolitan France. In 18 cases, the accused airport was Roissy-Charles-of-Gaulle.

To deepen

Internal bonds

• Common Countries of France
• of the Val-d'Oise

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