Roger Martin of Gard is a French writer born in March 23rd 1881 with Neuilly-sur-Seine, died the August 22nd 1958 with Sérigny, close to Bellême (Orne) and prize winner of the Nobel Prize of literature of 1937.

Biography

He was pupil with the Lycée Condorcet. Resulting from an easy family lawyers and magistrates, it can devote his life to the literature. It has an early vocation of writer, of which it became aware by reading the novel of Leon Tolstoï, Guerre and Paix . To wait to affirm its vocation of novelist, he undertakes studies of letters but fails the license. He then decides to try the contest of the École of the charters and obtains successfully the diploma for the occupation of archivist paleographer by presenting a thesis on the Abbaye of Jumièges. It Marie with Helene Foucault, in 1906. And in 1907, it will have a girl: Christiane. The publication of its novel Jean Barois in 1913 will enable him to bind friendship with André Gide and Jacques Copeau. In Jean Barois, R. Martin of Gard does not seek to show. He does not put forth any judgment, he does not condemn, he does not exonerate: he describes with a will of objectivity the evolution of the contemporary religion, like the Separation of the Church and the State in 1905. With its authentic or fictitious documents which are inserted there, the second part constitutes also the first literary representation of the Dreyfus Business and the Zola lawsuit which is dependant for him.

After the First World War, R. Martin of Gard conceives the project of a long novel river whose initial subject is " two frères". In fact, the novel in eight volumes entitled Thibault will occupy it of the years 1920 to 1940, publication date of the last volume, Epilog . Through the history of Jacques and Antoine Thibault who are related to the family of Fontanin, the novelist makes the portrait of a social class, the middle-class Parisian, catholic, Protestant, university, but also Jacques Thibault revolts some in the case of. Conceived as a conclusion with a work whose realization threatened to last too a long time, the last two volumes are devoted to the disappearance of the two heroes and stress the First World War. the Summer 1914 describes walk with the war that can prevent neither the Socialists, nor other pacifist groups: revolutionist of heart, Jacques Thibault will be able to only sacrifice himself while launching on the trenches a call to the fraternization of the German and French soldiers. Telling the slow anguish of Antoine Thibault gauze during the conflict, Epilog evokes the " go to the paix" and wonders about the proposals of president Wilson which will lead to the creation of the SDN. In 1930 paraìt " Confidence africaine" a history of inceste. This book plays a part in the novel by letters of Kathrine Pancol " A remote man " (Albin Michel 2002).

It is in 1937, just after the publication of the Summer 1914 , that R. Martin of Gard sees himself allotting the Nobel Prize of literature. It passes then a major part of the war 1939-1945 to Nice, where there prepares a novel remained unfinished, the Souvenirs of the lieutenant-colonel of Maumort , which will be published in posthumous title in an edition gotten by André Daspre.

Supported by the engagement of a group of admirors, the publication of its posthumous works complexes the figure of a writer who had initially wanted to be mainly novelist and who appears like a spontaneous designer, sometimes jovial. Started during the First World War, its Journal describes a sometimes difficult family life and tells the successes of the friendship: preceded by " souvenirs" , it was published by C. Sicard in the form of three large volumes. They is also the joys of the friendship which the very many letters gathered from now on in very interesting volumes of correspondences clarify (with André Gide, with Jacques Copeau, Eugene Dabit, Georges Duhamel, Jean Tardieu, beside a general Correspondance whose eight volumes were published up to now). Among the posthumous ones, one also counts news (" Noyade" integrated into the volume of the Lieutenant-colonel of Maumort , Genre motus ) who falls under the continuity of those that the writer had published of alive sound ( African Confidence ).

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