Rock\'n\'roll “Roll

See also: Rock'n'roll (homonymy), Rock'n'roll “roll (homonymy)

The rock'n'roll' roll (for rock'n'roll ), or simply rock'n'roll , is a Musical genre which mixes the black Blues and the Rythm and blues initially, with a white culture marked by the Country music in particular. The rock'n'roll becomes thereafter a true philosophy with its cultural troop, of the Cinéma to the cartoons while passing by the vestimentary fashion.

History

American birth of the rock'n'roll

The rock' roll is not a “child” of the Blues, the ternary rate/rhythm (division of time) of this one being replaced by a binary rate/rhythm and the Tempo becoming more constant. It is advisable here to distinguish Rhythm and blues and Rock' roll, even if the task appears delicate end of the Années 1940 with 1954. Let us quote here the Captain Glenn Miller who invents the musical structure of the Rock'n'roll Roll in 1943 with his tube In the Mood and Fats Domino which makes of Rock' Roll as of 1948 without the knowledge. Ike Turner also claims to have interpreted the first rock'n'roll Rocket to him 88 in 1951. The label rock' roll, initially, was used to distinguish Rhythm and American Blues from Afro of that of the white and this for reasons related to the racial policy of the time. It was inadmissible that white artists find themselves in the same vats in the record dealers as the blacks. The particular style of the rhythm and white blues thus was used as pretext for a new label “rock'n'roll N roll”.

In 1951, the Disc jockey Alan Freed animates an emission called Moondog' S Rock-and-roll Party . It is the first diffusion of the rock' roll to a broad audience. These is the radio DJ which finds its name in Rock' Roll by taking again an expression that one finds since the years 1940 in certain songs of rhythm and blues and which means in slang “to make love”. Alan Freed is the first white DJ to support with force of the black artists playing the “music of the devil”. The American good company will make its “enemy number 1” and will have besides of it its skin in 1959.

The term Rockabilly indicates the first forms historically identifiable rock' roll, it is primarily about a crossing of rhythm and blues and Country music. Elvis Presley and Bill Halley is two precursors in the white singers. Elvis Presley, called The King (“the King of the Rock'n'roll”), records what is probably one of the very first pieces of rockabilly with That' S Alright Mama and will collect successes very quickly, but it is Bill Halley and The Comets who signs officially the birth certificate of the rock' roll for many historians with the title Rock Around the Clock (Reprise again of Sony Dae and His Knights, 1952). This first tube of the history of the “rock'n'roll” which appears in the credits of the film Graine of violence is N°1 of the hit-parades in the USA (8 weeks) and in the United Kingdom (3 weeks) in 1955. Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis, Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent are engulfed in the breach. The black musicians particularly remain very active thanks to Chuck Berry. Let us not forget Little Richard, which on its first 45 turns, sign four of the largest standards of rock'n'roll, namely: Tutti Frutti , Long Tall Sally , RIP It Up and Ready Teddy .

The rock' roll does not cause a movement of rejection of the American good company which believes to have triumphed over this movement in 1959. One then announces the death of the rock'n'roll and it is true that in the United States, the movement seems to be blown. The singers are from now on very consensual and Elvis is institutionalized, confined with the ballades. The rock' roll however does not continue to develop in more local and confidential forms like the Surf music of the west coast or the rock'n'roll garage in north.

Towards the end of the Years 1950, and the beginning of the Years 1960, one hears more and more “wise” titles of rock' roll more, more “soft” and which will generate the Pop music: The Everly Brothers - All I Cuts To Do Is Dream (1958), the rock' roll Beat of The Weaver Temptations - Ouh! Ah! Temptations! (1959), Johnny Burnette - Dreamin' and You' Re Sixteen (composed by the Brothers Sherman) (1960) Del Shannon - Runaway () (1961), Brian Hyland - Sealed With has KIS (1962), Lee Dorsey - Ya ya (1962), etc “Pure” the rock' roll/rockabilly does not tend to disappear, except some rare titles like Roy Orbison - (Oh!) Pretty Woman (1964) and Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs - Wooly Bully (1965)…

See: List of singers of Rock'n'roll “Roll

Rebirth (British) of the rock'n'roll

The counterpart does not come from America but from the the United Kingdom. The first followers of Elvis seem Cliff Richard and of small formations multiply to imitate them. In the passing however, the rock' roll is not acclimatized and the Shadows which accompany Cliff Richards initiate the prototype of the formation rock'n'roll such as it will be taken again as well in Europe as on the other side of the Atlantic: the Contrebasse disappears with the profit from low electric, two guitarists are distributed the tasks of rhythmic for the first and the chorus for the second. The British groups move away thus quickly from their American model to create an original music which the French-speaking people call rock'n'roll the “English”. The Beatles accentuate work on the melody and the vocal Harmonie S and give rise to the Pop music while the movement of the british Blues boom turns over to the blues roots, privileging syncopated rates/rhythms and more aggressive sonorities. The Rolling Stones emergent like the spearhead of this British rock'n'roll. Parallel branches multiply then: groups such as the Who and the Kinks develop the movement MOD, while the Animals or the Yardbirds create a British blues rock'n'roll. The richness of British creation is flourishing and definitively imposes on a world level a musical genre which becomes emblematic second half of the 20th century. The rock'n'roll ramifies then almost ad infinitum by exploring apparently improbable niches. The Jazz-rock'n'roll is born from this research started as of the Années 1960.

If the Années 1950 proposed a common scene for black and white artists, the Années 1960 put an end to this co-education. The British scene rock'n'roll is mainly white, while the American blacks adapt to their sauce the British redécouverte of the importance of the melody. Being based on the old structures segregation nists, they put at the world an important branch of the family tree of the rock'n'roll including what it is advisable to describe as “dance music”, of the Funk to the Rap while passing by the pop of the Tamla of the Années 1960. Consequence of this bulk-heading, the black rockers are rare in the other big family of the rock'n'roll post-Beatles. Let us quote however Jimi Hendrix, Guitariste of genius, which electrifies its blues and opens with the rock'n'roll (white) other universes.

The rock'n'roll becomes protestor

If the rock' roll were always carried by a youth too with narrow in the moral yoke of its groins, the texts until years 1960 were often confined with the festive topics possibly in charge of sexual connotations. It is with Bob Dylan that the words take a poetic turning at the same time more and more committed. Marrying surrealist poetry upon the engagement of the movement folk (Woodie Guthrie then Joan Baez, Seeger Pete), he becomes the chronicler of his generation, approaching without fear of the political and social topics. Its impact will be decisive on the two sides of the Atlantic. In the United States, the protest songs express the rejection of the cold war or military engagement in Vietnam while in the United Kingdom, John Lennon delivers more personal and required texts. The rock'n'roll becomes at the same time an artistic movement, which acquire a intellectual legitimacy, and a current of “counter-culture”. This tendency knows its apogee with the great festivals of the end of the year 1960: with Woodstock or on the Île of Wight of the hundreds of thousands of young people gather to share at the same time a passion for the music but also a vision of the world in rupture with the established standards.

Psychedelism

Starting from the middle of the years 1960, the consumption the psychotropic ones (in particular the LSD) become current in the intellectual mediums marks the beginning of artistic creation under influence. Whereas the Acid rock'n'roll is born on the west coast from the United States of America with the Grateful Dead, the Psychédélisme also makes its appearance in the United Kingdom through the first concerts of Pink Floyd, the formation of Cream or the album Revolver of the Beatles. But it is with the album Sergent Pepper' S Lonely Heart Club Band of the latter that this influence becomes manifest for the general public. This tendency initiates the return in strength of the American groups such as the Byrds, the Doors or Jefferson Airplane. The eye of the cyclone is always located nevertheless at the United Kingdom. New currents see the day with in particular the progressive Rock of King Crimson, ELP (Emerson, Lake & Palmer), Genesis or Yes which introduces elements resulting from the jazz and classical music or the heavy metal whose first steps are felt since 1967 through the fronts of guitar saturated with Cream or Jimi Hendrix and who will be born truly with Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Black Sabbath or Blue Cheer

The rock'n'roll of the end of the Années 1960 is politicized and the Flower Power is the peaceful expression of the planing rock'n'roll which characterizes the passage between the album Sgt. Pepper' S Lonely Hearts Club Band of the Beatles (1967) and the first fronts Punk of 1975. The passage to the years 1970 is marked by the untimely death of many stars of the rock'n'roll, Jimi Hendrix, Brian Jones, Janis Joplin or Jim Morisson, the majority just 27 years old.

The psychedelism is a style which thus includes varied groups which have a certain direction of the experimentation. Thus even of the groups as The Velvet Underground can sometimes be qualified of psyché. One will then distinguish the psyché founded one on the Flower Power from a darker psychedelism and/or underground. Consequently, one can quote Hawkwind or Amon Düül II, fervants of night and ghostly voyages.

Rock'n'roll and folk

In second half of the Sixties, appears the fusion of the rock'n'roll and the folk in the USA with Bob Dylan, the Byrds then The Band, Crosby, Stills and Nash and Neil Young. The Band by its fusion of the traditional musics with the rock'n'roll, the blues, the country and the Irish ballades of the Appalachian Mountains will have a determining influence. In reaction England produced it also of the artists in the search of their musical roots like Bert Jansch, Pentangle, Fairport Convention, Richard Thompson, Steeleye Span. This current will be confined of the Folk-Rock'n'roll of great diffusion in the United States with groups like Eagles or Poco. In England these musicians run up quickly against Punk and struck ringardise their discs disappear in the vats World, Musique Celtic to see New Age.

Rock'n'roll and glamor

Years 1970 see the progressive disappearance of the psychedelism and the end of the dream hippie. This disillusion, associated with an exponential marchandisation of the music gives rise to a current embracing contradictions of its time by proposing an image glamor and declining: the Glam rock'n'roll. Under the strass and the spangles of their costumes androgynes, David Bowie, T.Rex or Queen proposes a theatrical music and baroque.

The punk revolution and its consequences

The musical roots of the movement Punk go back to the Années 1960 with the kind Rock garage (Stooges, MC5) followed by the New Yorkean scene of the medium of the Années 1970 including in particular The New York Dolls and The Ramones. It is however in the United Kingdom that the movement Punk takes really its take-off starting from 1976 with the Sex Pistols and their title: God save the Queen and The Clash at the head of poster. The movement Punk is posed clearly in reaction vis-a-vis the rock'n'roll of the Années 1970 which authorizes the recordings only with the virtuosos. The first message of the punks is there: the music belongs to everyone, even if the technique is not absolutely controlled. The punks thus open the doors of the studios of recording to innumerable groups, of The Police with U2. The second message of the punks is more political. The British bury their statute of Great power ( No future for the U.K. ).

The United States had resisted more than eighteen months the beatlemania, they will be due good during more than twenty years vis-a-vis vagueness Punk. If the opening of the studios takes place in the United States well, it is less obvious than in Europe. Musicalement, holding them of a rock'n'roll known as modern is asserted however openly like children of the Punk. The 80 should have been awaited ' S so that America sees being formed groups like the Pixies, the first albums of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the groups of Mike Patton such as Mr. Bungle or Fantomas and the movement Grunge of the west coast American to perceive an echo Punk in the American music general public, effectively healing the wounds of a rock'n'roll divided for more than ten years into two camps: Classic and Modern . This debate is primarily American, because in Europe the modernistic ones gained the part as of the beginning of the Années 1980.

Today, putting of with dimensions the human values, it is the Punk rock'n'roll according to its primary definition which knows one big hit, since end of the year 90, being reduced to a politically correct music and much more commercial than the preceding style.

Post-punk, New wave and electro

As of end of the year 70, part of the punk movement evolves to a production in studio more succeeded, a more marked attention with the quality of the texts and a general will more directed towards the experimentation. The first to profile the post-punk kind are Wire, Devo or Siouxsie And The Banshees, of the artists who grant a dominating place to the studio of recording and who dissociate the punk one immediately, preserving its brutal aspect while creating more varied structures. The term New wave appears then to indicate this darker and sophisticated music which makes profitable progress synthetizers in counterpoint of éthérées guitars and the low heavy ones. The term remains however generic and includes as well pop the Eighties and the cold wave of Joy Division or The Cure that crossbred rock'n'roll of Reggae of The Police. In the line of Kraftwerk, an electro current (the Synthpop) appears with Depeche Mode, but also the House brought by New Order. The synthetizers replace the guitars gradually. This step will represent later one of the bases of the music Techno.

Advent of the hardware

The component Hard rock profits, it also, very largely of the opening of the studios. Logical consequence of this multiplication of the recordings: appearance of many sub-genera. The most known groups of hardware are AC/DC, Black Sabbath, Motörhead, Scorpions, Aerosmith, Deep Purple, KIS, Twisted Sister and Led Zeppelin. Formerly, Hard rock and Heavy metal were two synonyms (Heavy Metal coming from a journalist of the NewYork Times in connection with the Purple Haze of Jimi Hendrix), but since the beginning of the Années 1980 a scission occurred. The term “Heavy Metal” is indeed redefined by the journalist Lester Bangs of the magazine Creem . Towards the end of the year 1970, the kind is radicalized with an accent growing placed on the virtuosity and the speed of execution in particular of the guitarist solo and the beater, heavy environments (Wishbone Ash, Def Leppard, KIS) and of the topics which are often inspired by the Satanisme (in the line of Black Sabbath). It is the appearance of the British new wave of heavy metal (in fact Judas Priest followed Iron Maiden) which is directed towards more lyric aspects whereas American Metallica invents the Thrash Metal (or Speed Metal). One then sees appearing the Death metal, the Black Metal inter alia, before the logical emergence of one… Nu metal.

Years 1980

From now on adult, the rock'n'roll settled during the years 1970 in a rate/rhythm of cruising that the punks English made fly in glares. Years 1980 thus open on the promise - quickly disappointed - of a restarting.

Whereas the branch hardware is metallized, radicalizing its speech under an avalanche of decibels, an unrestrained acceleration of the tempo and a saturation which pushes back the limits of audible, the major current assagit and approaches more and more pop Dire Straits incarnates this serene rock'n'roll, with the guitars of goldsmiths and the engraved texts but whose fever fell down or even the disrespectful The Smiths, led by the Morrissey lyric writer (even if this one continues to write engaged texts, its voice brings back to pop sonorities). If some whose U2 or R.E.M. tries to revive an engaged step, it is rather at the borders of the rock'n'roll, as in the interbreeding with the funk of Michael Jackson or Prince that musical exploration continues. In margin of the rock'n'roll, this wind of freedom benefits the electronic musics, forced since their emergence in the United States then in England (of the techno to the acid-house) to open out in clandestinity.

Independent rock'n'roll

In France

In France the middle of the Eighties sees the birth of the structures of the alternative Rock with groups like Mano Negra, Trust, the VRP, Oberkampf, Bérurier Noir, Starshooter, Dogs, Lucrate Milk.

The American Movement

The turning of the years 1990 is started by the scene American bruitist. Sonic Youth then the Pixies mix an acute sense with the melody resulting from the pop music with a true rage rock' roll. At the same time The Smashing Pumpkins appear on the scene and influence a whole generation of guitarists.

The " Grunge" and Nirvana

The jolt becomes really sensitive when it takes the form of the movement Grunge with Seattle a movement largely influenced by the war of the golf (Alice in Chains) and the poor standard of living of the American middle-class with Mother Love Bone and Malfunkshun like precursors and Nirvana as leader, Mudhoney, Soundgarden and followed by Pearl Jam the only group who continues turned with its original members, Alice in Chains and the Screaming Trees are also grunge groups which marked the Ninety.

Fusions

In parallel the rock'n'roll starts to accept the contributions of the Hip-hop and the fusions are finally made hear. Aerosmith with Run DMC opens the way, followed by Fishbone (the precursor), the Living Color, the Beastie Boys, Urban Dance Squad, Body Count, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine, No One Is Innocent, KoЯn or Linkin Park… integrates phrased the Rap into a very muscular rock'n'roll.

The Pop English one

In the United Kingdom, during every Ninety Blur and Oasis seem to share the landscape general public between pop for the seconds and rock'n'roll for the first, giving rise to a wave Britpop .

Rock'n'roll by country

See: : Category: Rock'n'roll by country

Culture rock'n'roll

The rock'n'roll is not only any more one musical movement since the medium of the Années 1950. The film Graine of violence which presents in credits the famous Rock Around the Clock of Bill Halley poses from the start besides the social bases of the movement: the rebellion vis-a-vis the established order. This spirit of sedition present as of the birth of the rock'n'roll in the middle of the years 1950 is always long-lived in the Années 1960 with the movement hippie, then at the end of the Années 1970 with the punk movement. This role seems to be taken again since about fifteen years by the rap, but in the facts, the rock'n'roll forever disavowed its rebellious roots. The famous maxim is another facet of the free character and rebel of the rock'n'roll ( Born to Be wild ).

Formerly regarded as a working clothes, the jeans was democratized by the movement rock'n'roll. The fashion, that it is vestimentary or capillary, for example, has been clearly influenced by the rock'n'roll for five decades. The rock'n'roll does not influence only the fashion, but more generally arts, of the cinema to painting while passing the literature. The work of a Andy Warhol, to quote only him, is pressed thus clearly on a base rock'n'roll. Today the press rock'n'roll took a new rise after the “crossing of the desert” (not always justified) of the Eighties and Nineties and of the Rock magazines like Rock & Folk at present are read by tens of thousands of people each month. Moreover, much of webzines were created on Internet, of which some updated by impassioned amateurs, writing chronic albums or reviews in concerts, wishing to pay homage to the music rock'n'roll which fascine since fifty years.

See too

Culture of youth
French Rock'n'roll
Dance rock'n'roll
Musical genre
Festivals of rock'n'roll
Written press rock'n'roll
List of singers of Rock'n'roll “Roll

External bonds

History of the rock'n'roll
Albums, lives, artists and groups who marked the rock'n'roll of 1965 with today
the webzine which is devoted to the rock'n'roll in all its forms/periods
www.runk.fr webzine rock'n'roll and independent
www.rock-alsace.com webzine rock'n'roll and independent

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