Robert Fogel

Robert William Fogel (born on July 1st 1926 with New York) is a American economist , specialized in the economic Histoire. Its work was crowned in 1993, with those of Douglass North, by the " Nobel Prize of économie".

Course

Fogel passes its Bachelor to the Université of Cornell in 1948, then its Master with the Université of Columbia in 1960. Lastly, it reaches the row of PhD to the Université Johns Hopkins in 1963. Thereafter, Fogel will teach at the university Johns Hopkins (1958-1959), with the Université of Rochester (1960-1965 and 1968-1975), with the Université of Chicago (1964-1975 and 1981-) and with the Université of Harvard (1975-1981). Fogel married in Enid Cassandra Morgan in 1949 and had with it two children.

Principal work

Robert Fogel is known like one of the principal defenders of the application of the quantitative methods to the history, known also under the name of Cliométrie. One of its most famous work and the most discussed is exposed in its book “Time one the Cross”, Co-writing with Stanley Engerman, and is appeared in 1974. In this work, while being based on a quantitative study of the American slave system, it shows that the living conditions of the American black slaves who lived in the South, were better than those of the workmen in industries of the north of the the United States. Fogel bases its matter on a detailed analysis of the registers and recordings held in the plantations, and concludes from it that the slaves worked less, were nourished better, and were whipped only occasionally.

Controversies

“Time one the Cross” caused a storm of controversies and protests. Much regarded by Fogel error as an apologist of the slave system. In fact, Fogel answered these criticisms that its work had to be considered, not from the moral point of view, but from a purely economic point of view. According to him, contrary to an generally accepted idea, the slave system is, economically speaking, a not very advantageous or not very lucrative activity.

Many researchers then questioned the validity of the searchs for Fogel and Engerman, while asserting that a purely quantitative method was inadequate and too incomplete to tackle the complex question of the slave system correctly.

Selective bibliography

The Union Pacific Railroad: With Box in Premature Enterprise , 1960.
Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History , 1964.
Time one the Cross-country race: The Economics off American Negro Slavery , 2 volumes, 1974. (Co-writing with Stanley Engerman)
Without Authorizes gold Contract: The Small channel and Fall off American Slavery , 2 volumes, 1989.
Economic Growth, Population Theory and Physiology: The Bearings off Processes Length-Term one the Making off Economic Policy , 1994.
Capitalism and Democracy in 2040: Forecasts and Speculations , NBER, 2007 (see also “'' 2040 ''”, Richard Robert, Telos, 2007)

Refer complementary

Alfred H. Conrad and John R. Meyer, The Economics off Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South pages 95-130 of the Newspaper off Political Economy , Volume 66,1958.
Paul David, Herbert Gutman, Richard Sutch, Peter Temin, Gavin Wright, Reckoning with Slavery: In Critical Quantitative Study in the History off American Negro Slavery , New York, Oxford University Near, 1976.
Claudia Goldin and Hugh Rockoff Strategic Factors in the Nineteenth Century American Economic History: With Volume to Honor Robert W. Fogel , Chicago, University off Chicago Near, 1992.
Peter Parrish, Slavery: History and Historians , New York, To grip, 1989.

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